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刷

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
刷 U+5237, 刷
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5237
← 制
[U+5236] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 券 →
[U+5238]

Translingual

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Han character

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刷 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 尸月中弓 (SBLN), four-corner 72200, composition ⿰𡰯刂)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1964
  • Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 1
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 337, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+5237

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 刷
alternative forms 㕞

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 刷
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (刷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涮 *sroːns
刷 *sroːd, *srod

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sroːd, *srod): semantic 刂 (“knife”) + phonetic 𡰯. It represents the act of shaving something flat with a knife, and by extension, is used to convey the meanings of "to scrape" or "to print."[1]

References

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  1. ^ Digital Shinjigen 2017

Etymology

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Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *srəwt (“to wipe, sweep, rub, scrub”) (STEDT, under PTB *s(u/i)t). Cognate with Tibetan བཤུད (bshud, “to wipe”), Burmese သုတ် (sut, “idem”)[1] (though STEDT mistakenly puts down 恤 (OC *sqʰʷiɡ, “to sympathize, compensate”) for the Chinese character instead).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • soat - literary;
  • seh/serh, soa, soah, sóa - vernacular.
Note:
  • Chongming:
    • 7seq - vernacular;
    • 7soeq - literary;
    • 7saq - used in 刷板.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 刷
Mandarin Beijing /ʂua⁵⁵/
/ʂua⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂua⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suɑ²¹/
/ʂuɑ²¹/ ～白
Jinan /ʂua²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂua⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂua²⁴/
Xi'an /fa²¹/
Xining /fa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂua¹³/
Lanzhou /fa¹³/
Ürümqi /fa²¹³/
Wuhan /sua²¹³/
Chengdu /sua³¹/
Guiyang /sua²¹/
Kunming /ʂua̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
/ʂuɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /suaʔ²/
Pingyao /suʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /suaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /suaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /suːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ɕya²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /sɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sot̚¹/
Taoyuan /sot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰat̚³/
Nanning /t͡sʰat̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰat̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /suat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
/sua⁵³/ 印～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sueʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tuak̚⁵/
Rime
Character 刷 刷
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Initial (聲) 生 (21) 生 (21)
Final (韻) 黠 (72) 薛 (84)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed Closed
Division (等) II III
Fanqie 數刮切 所劣切
Baxter srwaet srjwet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʃˠuat̚/ /ʃˠiuᴇt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʃʷᵚat̚/ /ʃʷᵚiet̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʃuɐt̚/ /ʃiuæt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʂwaɨt̚/ /ʂwiat̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʃuat̚/ /ʃjuɛt̚/
Wang
Li 		/ʃwat̚/ /ʃĭuɛt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʂwăt̚/ /ʂi̯wɛt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		shua shuo
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		saat3 syut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 刷 刷
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		shuā shuā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ srjwet › ‹ srwæt ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[s]r[o]t/ (dialect: retains MC srj-) /*[s]r[o]t/
English brush (v.) brush (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 刷 刷
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 11920 11921
Phonetic
component 		刷 刷
Rime
group 		月 月
Rime
subdivision 		3 3
Corresponding
MC rime 		刷 㕞
Old
Chinese 		/*sroːd/ /*srod/

Definitions

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刷

  1. brush (tool)
    牙刷  ―  yáshuā  ―  toothbrush
  2. (transitive) to brush; to scrub; to clean with a brush
    刷牙  ―  shuāyá  ―  to brush one's teeth
    刷碗  ―  shuāwǎn  ―  to wash the dishes
  3. (transitive) to paint with a brush
  4. (colloquial, transitive) to eliminate
  5. (transitive) to swipe (a card, etc.); to scan
    刷信用卡  ―  shuā xìnyòngkǎ  ―  to swipe a credit card
    刷臉／刷脸  ―  shuāliǎn  ―  to scan one's face
  6. (chiefly Mainland China, neologism, colloquial, transitive) to browse through (updates on social media etc.); to flip through
    刷手機／刷手机  ―  shuā shǒujī  ―  to check one's phone (for updates on social media etc.)
    這部電視劇太好看了！我已經開始四刷了！ [MSC, trad.]
    这部电视剧太好看了！我已经开始四刷了！ [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè bù diànshìjù tài hǎokàn le! Wǒ yǐjīng kāishǐ sì shuā le! [Pinyin]
    This television drama is so good! I have already begun to watch through it for the fourth time!
  7. (colloquial, transitive) to write; to finish (a massive quantity of works)
    刷題／刷题  ―  shuātí  ―  to do a large number of exam questions
  8. (computing, transitive) to flash
    刷固件  ―  shuā gùjiàn  ―  to flash the firmware
  9. (video games, transitive) to grind
    刷錢／刷钱  ―  shuā qián  ―  to grind for [in-game] money
  10. (video games, transitive) to spawn
    刷車器／刷车器  ―  shuā chē qì  ―  car spawner
Synonyms
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  • (to eliminate):

Pronunciation 2

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 刷
Mandarin Beijing /ʂua⁵⁵/
/ʂua⁵¹/
Harbin /ʂua⁴⁴/
Tianjin /suɑ²¹/
/ʂuɑ²¹/ ～白
Jinan /ʂua²¹³/
Qingdao /ʂua⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʂua²⁴/
Xi'an /fa²¹/
Xining /fa⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ʂua¹³/
Lanzhou /fa¹³/
Ürümqi /fa²¹³/
Wuhan /sua²¹³/
Chengdu /sua³¹/
Guiyang /sua²¹/
Kunming /ʂua̠³¹/
Nanjing /ʂɑʔ⁵/
/ʂuɑʔ⁵/
Hefei /ʂuɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /suaʔ²/
Pingyao /suʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /suaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /sz̩ʷɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /sø²¹³/
Hui Shexian /suaʔ²¹/
Tunxi /suːə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /ɕya²⁴/
Xiangtan /sɒ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /sɵʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /sot̚¹/
Taoyuan /sot̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰat̚³/
Nanning /t͡sʰat̚³³/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰat̚³/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /suat̚³²/
/suaʔ³²/
/sua⁵³/ 印～
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sɔuʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /sueʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tuak̚⁵/

Definitions

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刷

  1. (dialectal) to pick; to choose

Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ Luce, G. H. (1981), “-UT Finals (22. to Wipe)”, in A Comparative Word-List of Old Burmese, Chinese and Tibetan, London: School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, →ISBN, page 51

Japanese

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Kanji

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刷

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. painting
  2. print
  3. brush

Readings

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  • Go-on: せち (sechi)
  • Kan-on: さつ (satsu, Jōyō)
  • Kun: する (suru, 刷る, Jōyō)、はく (haku, 刷く)、はけ (hake)

Korean

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Hanja

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刷 (eum 쇄 (swae))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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刷: Hán Nôm readings: xoát, loát, loạt, loét, nhoét, soát

  1. brush; rinse
  2. polish
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