嘲笑

Chinese

		to ridicule; ridicule; mock	laugh; smile
trad. (嘲笑)		嘲	笑
simp. #(嘲笑)		嘲	笑

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): cháoxiào

  (Zhuyin): ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): zaau¹ siu³
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): tiâu-chhiò / tiâu-chhiàu / sau-chhiò

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: cháoxiào
    • Zhuyin: ㄔㄠˊ ㄒㄧㄠˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: cháosiào
    • Wade–Giles: chʻao²-hsiao⁴
    • Yale: cháu-syàu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaurshiaw
    • Palladius: чаосяо (čaosjao)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɑʊ̯³⁵ ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: zaau¹ siu³
    • Yale: jāau siu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dzaau¹ siu³
    • Guangdong Romanization: zao¹ xiu³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːu̯⁵⁵ siːu̯³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiò
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diauchioix
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰio⁴¹/
    • IPA (Xiamen): /tiau²⁴⁻²² t͡ɕʰio²¹/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tiâu-chhiàu
    • Tâi-lô: tiâu-tshiàu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: diauchiaux
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiau¹³⁻²² t͡ɕʰiau²¹/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sau-chhiò
    • Tâi-lô: sau-tshiò
    • Phofsit Daibuun: sauchioix
    • IPA (Taipei): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰio¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /sau⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡ɕʰiɤ²¹/

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• Middle Chinese: traew sjewH

Rime
Character	嘲	笑
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	知 (9)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)	宵 (91)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	III
Fanqie	陟交切	私妙切
Baxter	traew	sjewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʈˠau/	/siᴇuH/
Pan Wuyun	/ʈᵚau/	/siɛuH/
Shao Rongfen	/ȶau/	/sjæuH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʈaɨw/	/siawH/
Li Rong	/ȶau/	/siɛuH/
Wang Li	/ȶau/	/sĭɛuH/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȶau/	/si̯ɛuH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhāo	xiào
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaau1	siu3

Verb

嘲笑

1. (transitive) to laugh at; to deride; to jeer; to mock; to ridicule

   我們沒資格嘲笑他。 [MSC, trad.]
   我们没资格嘲笑他。 [MSC, simp.]

   Wǒmen méi zīgé cháoxiào tā. [Pinyin]

   We have no right to laugh at him.

Synonyms

• 作弄 (zuònòng)
• 僝僽 (chánzhòu) (literary)
• 刺 (literary, or in compounds)
• 刺溪 (chié-*kă̤) (Min Dong)
• 創弄／创弄 (Min Nan)
• 創景／创景 (Min Nan)
• 創治／创治 (chhòng-tī) (Min Nan)
• 剾損／𠛅损 (Min Nan)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (Min Nan)
• 剾洗／𠛅洗 (khau-sé) (Min Nan)
• 剾褻／𠛅亵 (Min Nan)
• 𠢕滾／𠢕滚 (Min Nan)
• 取樂／取乐 (qǔlè)
• 取笑 (qǔxiào)
• 呾笑話／呾笑话 (Teochew)
• 呾耍笑 (Teochew)
• 嗤笑 (chīxiào)
• 嘲弄 (cháonòng)
• 嘲諷／嘲讽 (cháofěng)
• 嘲謔／嘲谑 (cháoxuè)
• 奚落 (xīluò)
• 巴銳／巴锐 (Min Nan)
• 恥笑／耻笑 (chǐxiào)
• 戲弄／戏弄 (xìnòng)
• 戲謔／戏谑 (xìxuè)
• 挖苦 (wākǔ)
• 捉弄 (zhuōnòng)
• 損／损 (sǔn) (colloquial)
• 撩 (Hakka)
• 撚化 (nan² faa³) (Cantonese)
• 撮弄 (cuōnòng) (literary)
• 擺弄／摆弄
• 消遣 (xiāoqiǎn)
• 湊趣／凑趣 (còuqù)
• 𤊶人 (Hakka)
• 玩 (colloquial)
• 玩弄
• 笑 (xiào)
• 笑話／笑话 (xiàohuà)
• 耍 (shuǎ)
• 耍忽 (sua² huah⁴) (Jin)
• 落八 (Amoy)
• 見笑／见笑 (jiànxiào)
• 說風涼話／说风凉话 (shuō fēngliánghuà)
• 調笑／调笑 (tiáoxiào)
• 諷刺／讽刺 (fěngcì)
• 謔潲／谑潲 (Min Nan)
• 謔燒／谑烧 (Min Nan)
• 講笑／讲笑 (Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien)
• 講耍笑／讲耍笑 (Min Nan)
• 譏刺／讥刺 (jīcì)
• 譏嘲／讥嘲 (jīcháo)
• 譏笑／讥笑 (jīxiào)
• 譏誚／讥诮 (jīqiào) (literary)
• 譏諷／讥讽 (jīfěng)
• 起鬨／起哄 (qǐhòng)
• 輕體／轻体 (Min Nan)
• 逗 (dòu)
• 逗弄
• 鄙笑 (Min Nan)
• 酸笑 (Min Nan)
• 開心／开心 (kāixīn)
• 開涮／开涮 (kāishuàn) (colloquial)
• 開玩笑／开玩笑 (kāi wánxiào)
• 鬧玩笑／闹玩笑 (nào wánxiào)

 

Japanese

Kanji in this term
嘲	笑
ちょう Grade: S	しょう Grade: 4
goon	on’yomi

Alternative spelling
調笑 (rare)

Etymology

/teuseu/ → */t͡ɕeuɕeu/ → /t͡ɕʲoːɕʲoː/ → /t͡ɕoːɕoː/

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 嘲笑 (MC traew sjewH). First attested in Japanese in a work from 1794.

Also analyzable as a shift in reading from the native-Japanese derived kun'yomi to the Chinese-derived on'yomi, of the largely homographic native Japanese synonyms 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau) or 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ちょーしょー [chòóshóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [t͡ɕo̞ːɕo̞ː]

Noun

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう) • (chōshō) ^{←てうせう (teuseu)?}

1. [from 1794] a sneer
2. [from 1794] ridicule

Verb

嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)する • (chōshō suru) ^{←てうせう (teuseu)?}transitive suru (stem 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)し (chōshō shi), past 嘲(ちょう)笑(しょう)した (chōshō shita))

1. [from 1794] to sneer at something
2. [from 1794] to ridicule something

Conjugation

Conjugation of "嘲笑する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	嘲笑し	ちょうしょうし	chōshō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	嘲笑し	ちょうしょうし	chōshō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	嘲笑する	ちょうしょうする	chōshō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	嘲笑する	ちょうしょうする	chōshō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	嘲笑すれ	ちょうしょうすれ	chōshō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	嘲笑せよ¹ 嘲笑しろ²	ちょうしょうせよ¹ ちょうしょうしろ²	chōshō seyo¹ chōshō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	嘲笑される	ちょうしょうされる	chōshō sareru
Causative	嘲笑させる 嘲笑さす	ちょうしょうさせる ちょうしょうさす	chōshō saseru chōshō sasu
Potential	嘲笑できる	ちょうしょうできる	chōshō dekiru
Volitional	嘲笑しよう	ちょうしょうしよう	chōshō shiyō
Negative	嘲笑しない	ちょうしょうしない	chōshō shinai
Negative continuative	嘲笑せず	ちょうしょうせず	chōshō sezu
Formal	嘲笑します	ちょうしょうします	chōshō shimasu
Perfective	嘲笑した	ちょうしょうした	chōshō shita
Conjunctive	嘲笑して	ちょうしょうして	chōshō shite
Hypothetical conditional	嘲笑すれば	ちょうしょうすれば	chōshō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 嘲(あざ)笑(わら)う (azawarau)
• 嘲(あざけ)り笑(わら)う (azakeriwarau)