證

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See also: 证 and 証
證 U+8B49, 證
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B49
← 譈
[U+8B48] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 譊 →
[U+8B4A]

Translingual

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Traditional 證
Shinjitai 証
Simplified 证

Han character

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證 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口弓人廿 (YRNOT), four-corner 02618, composition ⿰訁登)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1180, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35946
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 39
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4021, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8B49

Chinese

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trad. 證/証*
simp. 证*
alternative forms
䥌
䥭
𨨾
𨧭
𨭻
䥌
䥭
𨨾
𨧭
𨭻
𧁅
𨪔
𨨼
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (登) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
登 *tɯːŋ
璒 *tɯːŋ
燈 *tɯːŋ
簦 *tɯːŋ
蹬 *tɯːŋ, *dɯːŋs
磴 *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs, *tʰɯːŋ
鐙 *tɯːŋ, *tɯːŋs
嶝 *tɯːŋs
隥 *tɯːŋs
橙 *tɯːŋs, *rdɯːŋ
凳 *tɯːŋs
墱 *tɯːŋs
鼟 *tʰɯːŋ
膯 *tʰɯːŋ
澄 *dɯːŋs, *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ
鄧 *dɯːŋs
僜 *dɯːŋs, *tʰɯŋ
覴 *tʰɯŋs
瞪 *dɯŋ, *dɯŋs, *rdɯːŋ
憕 *dɯŋ, *rdɯŋ, *rdɯːŋ
撜 *tjɯŋʔ
證 *tjɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tjɯŋs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 登 (OC *tɯːŋ).

Etymology

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Cognate with 徵 (OC *tɯŋ, “to summon; to testify”).

Related to Khmer ទៀង (tiəng, “true; exact”), Khmer ផ្ទៀង (phtiəng, “to correct; to verify”), but they may be Chinese loans. Perhaps related to 貞 (OC *teŋ, “to test; to verify”) and 真 (OC *ʔljin, “true”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 章 (23)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 諸應切
Baxter tsyingH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ɕɨŋH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡ɕɨŋH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ɕieŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ciŋH/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ɕiəŋH/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ɕĭəŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/t͡ɕi̯əŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhèng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zing3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhèng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsyingH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tәŋ-s/
English testify, prove

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 證
Reading # 1/1
No. 2197
Phonetic
component 		登
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		證
Old
Chinese 		/*tjɯŋs/

Definitions

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證

  1. to prove; to testify; to verify
    論證／论证  ―  lùnzhèng  ―  to expound and prove
    證實／证实  ―  zhèngshí  ―  to confirm
    證人／证人  ―  zhèngrén  ―  (law) witness
    證訖／证讫  ―  zhèngqì  ―  QED
    試證此命題。／试证此命题。  ―  Shì zhèng cǐ mìngtí.  ―  Try to prove this proposition.
  2. proof; evidence
    物證／物证  ―  wùzhèng  ―  (law) material evidence
    鐵證／铁证  ―  tiězhèng  ―  solid evidence
    以此為證／以此为证  ―  yǐ cǐ wèi zhèng  ―  in witness whereof
    1. identification; identity document; credential; papers; ID card
      領證／领证  ―  lǐngzhèng  ―  to receive one's certificate (especially a marriage certificate)
      學生證／学生证  ―  xuéshēngzhèng  ―  student's identity card
      駕駛證／驾驶证  ―  jiàshǐzhèng  ―  driving licence
      無證駕駛／无证驾驶  ―  wúzhèng jiàshǐ  ―  to drive without a license
      憑證進入／凭证进入  ―  píng zhèng jìnrù  ―  enter with permission
    2. (transgender slang) diagnosis of transsexualism, gender identity disorder, or gender dysphoria
      刷證／刷证  ―  shuāzhèng  ―  to get such a diagnosis
  3. Original form of 症 (zhèng).
  4. a surname: Zheng

Synonyms

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  • (to prove):
edit
  • (proof):
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Compounds

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References

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Japanese

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Shinjitai

証

Kyūjitai

證

Kanji

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證

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 証)

  1. Kyūjitai form of 証

Readings

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  • On (unclassified): しょう (shō)
  • Kun: あかし (akashi)

Korean

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Hanja

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證 • (jeung) (hangeul 증, revised jeung, McCune–Reischauer chŭng, Yale cung)

  1. certificate, card

Derived terms

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  • 신분증 (sinbunjeung, “identification card”)
  • 학생증 (haksaengjeung, “student ID”)
  • 면허증 (myeonheojeung, “driver's license”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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證: Hán Việt readings: chứng[1][2][3][4][5][6]
證: Hán Nôm readings: chững[7], chống[8], chừng[8]

  1. chữ Hán form of chứng (“proof”).

References

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  1. ^ Génibrel (1898).
  2. ^ Bonet (1899).
  3. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Trần (1999).
  6. ^ Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  7. ^ Hồ (1976).
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Trần (2004).
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