於是

See also: 于是

Chinese

		in; at; to in; at; to; from; by; than; out of; surname	be; yes; this
trad. (於是)		於	是
simp. (于是)		于	是

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yúshì

  (Zhuyin): ㄩˊ ㄕˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu¹ si⁶

• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ir-sǐ / u-sī

  (Teochew, Peng'im): i¹ si⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yúshì
    • Zhuyin: ㄩˊ ㄕˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yúshìh
    • Wade–Giles: yü²-shih⁴
    • Yale: yú-shr̀
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yushyh
    • Palladius: юйши (jujši)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /y³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: jyu¹ si⁶
    • Yale: yū sih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jy¹ si⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: yu¹ xi⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jyː⁵⁵ siː²²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ir-sǐ
    • Tâi-lô: ir-sǐ
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɯ³³ ɕi²²/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: u-sī
    • Tâi-lô: u-sī
    • Phofsit Daibuun: usi
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /u⁴⁴⁻³³ ɕi³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /u⁴⁴⁻²² ɕi²²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: i¹ si⁶
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: i sĭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³³⁻²³ ɕi³⁵/

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• Middle Chinese: 'jo dzyeX

Rime
Character	於	是
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	常 (25)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	央居切	承紙切
Baxter	'jo	dzyeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔɨʌ/	/d͡ʑiᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔiɔ/	/d͡ʑiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔiɔ/	/d͡ʑjɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔɨə̆/	/d͡ʑiə̆X/
Li Rong	/ʔiɔ/	/ʑieX/
Wang Li	/ĭo/	/ʑǐeX/
Bernard Karlgren	/ʔi̯wo/	/ʑie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yū	shì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jyu1	si6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ]a  [d]eʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*qa  djeʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	於	是
Reading #	2/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yú	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjo ›	‹ dzyeX ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ]a/	/*[d]eʔ/
English	at (locative preposition)	this
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	於	是
Reading #	2/2	1/1
No.	15812	11645
Phonetic component	於	是
Rime group	魚	支
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	於	是
Old Chinese	/*qa/	/*djeʔ/
Notes		金文從早從止， 馬敘倫謂正加射的。按象對準目標行進， 表所行正確

Conjunction

於是

1. so; hence; thus; therefore; thereupon; consequently; as a result

Synonyms

• 乃末 (Shanghainese)
• 以故 (yǐgù) (Classical Chinese)
• 以是 (yǐshì) (Classical Chinese)
• 因此 (yīncǐ)
• 因而 (yīn'ér)
• 從而／从而 (cóng'ér)
• 所以
• 故 (gù) (literary)
• 故此 (gùcǐ)
• 故而 (gù'ér)
• 於是乎／于是乎 (yúshìhū) (literary)
• 是以 (shìyǐ) (literary)
• 是故 (shìgù) (literary)
• 此以 (cǐyǐ) (literary)
• 為此／为此 (wèicǐ)