賊

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See also: 戝 and 贼
賊 U+8CCA, 賊
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8CCA
← 賉
[U+8CC9] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 賋 →
[U+8CCB]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

賊 (radical 154, 貝+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月金戈十 (BCIJ), four-corner 63850, composition ⿰貝戎)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1208, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 36759
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1672, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 3637, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8CCA

Chinese[edit]

trad. 賊
simp. 贼

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 賊
Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Chu Slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
賊-bronze.svg 賊-silk.svg 賊-seal.svg 賊-bigseal.svg
Characters in the same phonetic series (則) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
廁 *sʰrɯɡs, *sʰrɯɡ
則 *ʔsɯːɡ
賊 *zɯːɡ
鰂 *zɯːɡ
鱡 *zɯːɡ
蠈 *zɯːɡ
側 *ʔsrɯɡ
萴 *ʔsrɯɡ, *zrɯɡ
測 *sʰrɯɡ
惻 *sʰrɯɡ
崱 *zrɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *zɯːɡ): phonetic 則 (OC *ʔsɯːɡ) + semantic 戈 (“weapon”).

This was misinterpreted as a compound of 貝 (“money”) and 戎 (“weapon”) to produce the modern form.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • chha̍t - vernacular;
  • cha̍t - vernacular (limited to 墨賊);
  • che̍k/chia̍k - literary.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data▼
    Variety Location 賊
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡sei³⁵/
    Harbin /t͡sei²⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡sei⁴⁵/
    /t͡sɤ⁴⁵/
    Jinan /t͡sei⁴²/
    Qingdao /t͡se⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /t͡suei⁴²/
    /t͡sei⁴²/
    Xi'an /t͡sei²⁴/
    Xining /t͡sɨ²⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡sei⁵³/
    Lanzhou /t͡sei⁵³/
    Ürümqi /t͡sei⁵¹/
    Wuhan /t͡sɤ²¹³/
    Chengdu /t͡suei³¹/
    /t͡se³¹/
    Guiyang /t͡suei²¹/
    Kunming /t͡sei³¹/
    Nanjing /t͡suəi²⁴/
    /t͡səʔ⁵/
    Hefei /t͡se⁵⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡sei¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡sʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /t͡sɛ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /zəʔ¹/
    Suzhou /zəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /d͡zəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ze²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡sʰe²²/
    Tunxi /t͡sʰə¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡sei²⁴/
    /t͡sʰə⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /t͡sʰæ²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰet̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /t͡sʰet̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰak̚²/
    Nanning /t͡sʰɐk̚²²/
    Hong Kong /t͡sʰak̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /t͡sik̚⁵/
    /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /t͡sʰɛiʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /t͡sʰak̚⁵/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /sak̚³/
    Rime
    Character 賊
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 從 (15)
    Final (韻) 德 (131)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 昨則切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡zək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡zək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡zək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡zək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/d͡zək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/d͡zək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/d͡zʱək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		zé
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 賊
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		zéi
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzok ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*k.dzˁək/
    English injure; murderer, bandit

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 賊
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 16596
    Phonetic
    component         		則
    Rime
    group         		職
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		賊
    Old
    Chinese         		/*zɯːɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    賊

    1. thief
    2. bandit; robber
    3. traitor
    4. (dialectal) very

    Synonyms[edit]

    Dialectal synonyms of 小偷 (“(petty) thief”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 賊
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 賊、小偷、竊賊
    Mandarin Beijing 小偷兒、賊
    Taiwan 小偷、賊
    Tianjin 小偷兒、賊
    Jinan 小偷兒、賊
    Xi'an 賊娃子
    Wuhan 強徒、小偷
    Chengdu 賊娃子
    Yangzhou 小偷、賊、強盜
    Hefei 小偷、賊、小賊
    Cantonese Guangzhou 鼠摸、賊仔、賊
    Hong Kong 賊仔、賊
    Taishan 鼠摸、賊
    Yangjiang 鼠賊、賊
    Gan Nanchang 賊
    Hakka Meixian 賊牯、賊仔
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 賊仔
    Liudui (S. Sixian) 賊仔
    Hsinchu (Hailu) 賊仔
    Dongshi (Dabu) 賊
    Hsinchu (Raoping) 賊仔、賊
    Yunlin (Zhao'an) 賊
    Jin Taiyuan 賊
    Min Bei Jian'ou 賊
    Min Dong Fuzhou 賊囝、賊
    Min Nan Xiamen 賊仔、鼠賊
    Quanzhou 賊仔、鼠賊
    Zhangzhou 賊仔、鼠賊、佬賊仔
    Taipei 賊仔
    Kaohsiung 勍仔
    Tainan 賊仔
    Taichung 賊仔
    Hsinchu 賊仔
    Lukang 賊仔
    Sanxia 賊仔
    Yilan 勍仔
    Kinmen 鼠賊仔
    Magong 賊
    Penang 賊
    Philippines (Manila) 賊仔
    Chaozhou 鼠賊囝
    Wu Suzhou 賊骨頭、小賊
    Wenzhou 小偷兒、賊
    Xiang Changsha 賊老倌、賊牯子、賊
    Shuangfeng 賊牯子

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 賊

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    賊

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    賊
    ぞく
    Grade: S
    on’yomi

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 賊.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    賊 (hiragana ぞく, rōmaji zoku)

    1. thief
    2. rebel

    Derived terms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    賊 • (jeok) (hangeul 적, revised jeok, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, Yale cek)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    賊 (tặc, giặc)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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