烏賊
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See also: 乌贼
Chinese[edit]
a crow; black; not a crow; black; not; empty; void |
thief | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (烏賊) | 烏 | 賊 | |
| simp. (乌贼) | 乌 | 贼 | |
| alternative forms | 烏鰂／乌鲗 鰞鰂／鰞鲗 鰞鱡 烏鱡／乌鱡 | ||
Etymology[edit]
Attested earliest in the Yi Zhou Shu as □鰂 (missing 1st component being presumably 烏):
- 臣請正東符婁、仇州、伊慮、漚深、九夷、十蠻、越漚、鬋髮文身，請令以魚（皮）之鞞、□鰂之醬、鮫瞂、利劍為獻。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Lost Book of Zhou, circa 4th – 1st centuries BCE
- Chén qǐng zhèngdōng Fúlóu, chóuzhōu, Yīlǜ, Òushēn, Jiǔyí, Shímán, Yuè'òu, jiǎnfà wénshēn, qǐng lìng yǐ yú (pí) zhī bǐng, □zéi zhī jiàng, jiāo fá, lìjiàn wèi xiàn. [Pinyin]
- Your servant requests that, from the east, the Fulou, the hostile provinces, Yilu, Oushen, Nine Yi, Ten Man, the peoples who cut their hair and tattoo their bodies, be commanded to bring fish-skin scabbards, cuttlefish sauce, shark[-skin] shields, and sharp swords as tributes.
臣请正东符娄、仇州、伊虑、沤深、九夷、十蛮、越沤、鬋发文身，请令以鱼（皮）之鞞、□鲗之酱、鲛瞂、利剑为献。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
An early apperance of 烏鰂 is in the Huangdi Neijing (translation based on Yang, 2019):
- 以四烏鰂骨一藘茹二物并合之，丸以雀卵，大如小豆，以五丸為後飯，飲以鮑魚汁，利腸中及傷肝也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Huangdi Neijing, 4th century BCE to 3rd century CE
- Yǐ sì wūzéigǔ yī lǘrú èr wù bìnghé zhī, wán yǐ quèluǎn, dà rú xiǎodòu, yǐ wǔ wán wèi hòu fàn, yǐn yǐ bàoyú zhī, lì chángzhōng jí shānggān yě. [Pinyin]
- Four parts of cuttlebone and one part of Rubia are [to be] mixed with sparrow egg to make pills like small beans. Five pills are [to be] taken in with abalone juice after meals in order to smooth the intestine and relieve the liver damage
以四乌鲗骨一𰱮茹二物并合之，丸以雀卵，大如小豆，以五丸为后饭，饮以鲍鱼汁，利肠中及伤肝也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
烏賊
- cuttlefish (Classifier: 隻／只)
- ［蘇］頌曰︰一種柔魚，與烏賊相似，但無骨爾。越人重之。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Compendium of Materia Medica [Bencao Gangmu], by Li Shizhen, 1578 CE
- ［ Sū ］ Sòng yuē ︰ yīzhǒng róuyú, yǔ wūzéi xiàngsì, dàn wú gǔ ěr. Yuèrén zhòng zhī. [Pinyin]
- [Su] Song: Squids are a variation similar to the cuttlefishes, but without a bone. The Yue people value them. (translation by Unschuld, 2021)
［苏］颂曰︰一种柔鱼，与乌贼相似，但无骨尔。越人重之。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 烏賊 (“cuttlefish”) [map]
Derived terms[edit]
See also[edit]
Japanese[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 烏 | 賊 |
| いか | |
| Jinmeiyō | Grade: S |
| jukujikun | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 鰞 (rare) 魷 (rare) 鰂 (rare) 柔魚 (rare) 墨魚 (rare) |
Etymology[edit]
From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *ika. First cited to the 播磨風土記 (Satsuma Fudoki) of 715.[1]
Ultimate derivation uncertain. Derivations from within Japanese include:
- Related to 厳めしい (ikameshii, “imposing; offputting”)
- Related to 怒る (ikaru, “to move in a rough or wild fashion”)
Outside of Japanese, compare also Hawaiian iʻa, Maori ika (“fish, marine animal in general”), in turn ultimately from Proto-Austronesian *Sikan (“fish”).
The kanji is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 烏賊／乌贼 (wūzéi, literally “crow + murderer / thief”). According to the 和名類聚抄 (Wamyō Ruijushō) of 938, the spelling was chosen for the way that certain squid would feign death and float motionless on the surface near shore, and when a crow would come to pick up the "dead" squid, the squid would instead grab the crow and drag it underwater.[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- [from 715] a squid (sea animal), a cuttlefish
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 障泥烏賊 (aoriika)
- 凧 (ika), 紙鳶 (ika, “kite”)
- 烏賊刺し (ikasashi)
- 烏賊墨 (ikasumi)
- 烏賊素麺 (ikasōmen)
- 烏賊釣り (ikatsuri)
- 烏賊徳利 (ikadokkuri)
- 烏賊の甲 (ika no kō)
- 烏賊の墨 (ika no sumi)
- 凧 (ikanobori), 紙鳶 (ikanobori, “kite”)
- 卯の花烏賊 (unohanaika)
- 雷烏賊 (kaminariika)
- 剣先烏賊 (kensakiika)
- 甲烏賊 (kōika)
- 桜烏賊 (sakuraika)
- 尻焼烏賊 (shiriyakeika)
- 陣胴烏賊 (jindōika)
- 墨烏賊 (sumiika)
- 鯣烏賊 (surumeika)
- 大王烏賊 (daiōika, “giant squid”)
- 蛸烏賊 (takoika)
- 団子烏賊 (dangoika)
- 鳶烏賊 (tobiika)
- 伸し烏賊 (noshiika), 熨斗烏賊 (noshiika)
- 花烏賊 (hanaika)
- 針烏賊 (hariika)
- 蛍烏賊 (hotaruika)
- 真烏賊 (maika)
- 松烏賊 (matsuika)
- 松笠烏賊 (matsukasaika)
- 水烏賊 (mizuika)
- 耳烏賊 (mimiika)
- 紋甲烏賊 (mongōika)
- 槍烏賊 (yariika)
- 幽霊烏賊 (yūreiika)
References[edit]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 “烏賊”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 (in Japanese), Third edition, Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN
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- ja:Squid