應

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See also: 应 and 応
應 U+61C9, 應
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C9
← 懈
[U+61C8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 懊 →
[U+61CA]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 應
Shinjitai 応
Simplified 应

Han character[edit]

應 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 戈人土心 (IOGP) or 戈土心 (IGP), four-corner 00231, composition ⿸䧹心)

Derived characters[edit]

Related characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11330
  • Dae Jaweon: page 746, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2359, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+61C9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 應
simp. 应
alternative forms
 
譍 “to answer”
噟 “to answer”
応
𢈀
𢇭
譍 “to answer”
噟 “to answer”
応
𢈀
𢇭
𠩍
𤻮
𧭭
𡄖

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs): phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • êng3 - literary;
  • ing3 - vernacular.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 應 (應該)
    Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /iŋ²¹/
    Jinan /iŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /iŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /iŋ²¹/
    Xining /iə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
    Ürümqi /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /in³⁵/
    Chengdu /in⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /in²¹³/
    Kunming /ĩ¹/
    Nanjing /in³¹/
    Hefei /in²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /iŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /iŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /in⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /ʔin³³/
    Wenzhou /j̠aŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
    Tunxi /iɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /in⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /in⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /jeŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /jiŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /eiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /eŋ³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /eŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 應
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於陵切
    Baxter 'ing
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔɨŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔɨŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔieŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiəŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭəŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯əŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jing1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 應
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ ʔing ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[q](r)əŋ/
    English ought

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 應
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 15346
    Phonetic
    component         		鷹
    Rime
    group         		蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		膺
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qɯŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    應

    1. should; ought to
      應得／应得  ―  yīngdé  ―  due; well deserved
      理應如此／理应如此  ―  lǐyīng rúcǐ  ―  it should be this way
      如遇此類情況，應予以拒絕。 [MSC, trad.]
      如遇此类情况，应予以拒绝。 [MSC, simp.]
      Rú yù cǐ lèi qíngkuàng, yīng yǔyǐ jùjué. [Pinyin]
      If you encounter this type of situation, you should reject it.
    2. to consent to; to agree
    3. (literary) perhaps; maybe
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (ought to):
    • (to consent):

    Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Note:
    • en - colloquial ("to reply");
    • yin - literary ("to agree, to handle");
    • yín - colloquial ("to promise").
  • Min Dong
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • ìn - vernacular;
    • èng - literary;
    • eng - surname.
  • Wu
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 應 (應對)
    Mandarin Beijing /iŋ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iŋ⁵³/
    Tianjin /iŋ⁵³/
    Jinan /iŋ²¹/
    Qingdao /iŋ⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iŋ³¹²/
    Xi'an /iŋ⁴⁴/
    Xining /iə̃²¹³/
    Yinchuan /iŋ¹³/
    Lanzhou /ĩn¹³/
    Ürümqi /iŋ²¹³/
    Wuhan /in³⁵/
    Chengdu /in¹³/
    Guiyang /in²¹³/
    Kunming /ĩ²¹²/
    Nanjing /in⁴⁴/
    Hefei /in⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəŋ⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /iŋ³⁵/
    /i³⁵/ 答～
    Hohhot /ĩŋ⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /iŋ³⁵/
    Suzhou /in⁵¹³/
    Hangzhou /ʔin⁵³⁴⁴⁵/
    Wenzhou /j̠aŋ⁴²/
    Hui Shexian /iʌ̃³²⁴/
    Tunxi /in⁴²/
    Xiang Changsha /in⁵⁵/
    Xiangtan /in⁵⁵/
    Gan Nanchang /in⁴⁵/ ～付
    /ŋiɛn⁴⁵/ ～一聲
    Hakka Meixian /in⁵³/
    Taoyuan /in⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jeŋ³³/
    Nanning /jeŋ³³/
    Hong Kong /jiŋ³³/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iŋ²¹/
    /in²¹/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ɛiŋ²¹²/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /aiŋ³³/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /eŋ²¹³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /eŋ³⁵/
    /in³⁵/
    Rime
    Character 應
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 影 (34)
    Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 於證切
    Baxter 'ingH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ʔɨŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ʔɨŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ʔieŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ʔiŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʔiəŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ĭəŋH/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ʔi̯əŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yìng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jing3
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 應
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 15349
    Phonetic
    component         		鷹
    Rime
    group         		蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		應
    Old
    Chinese         		/*qɯŋs/

    Definitions[edit]

    應

    1. to answer; to reply
      回應／回应  ―  huíyìng  ―  to respond
      十問九唔應／十问九唔应 [Cantonese]  ―  sap6 man6 gau2 m4 jing1 [Jyutping]  ―  to be not responsive
    2. to permit; to promise
      有求必應／有求必应  ―  yǒuqiúbìyìng  ―  to grant whatever is requested
    3. to agree; to echo; to go along with
    4. to handle; to deal with
      應急／应急  ―  yìngjí  ―  to deal with an emergency
    5. (of words, etc.) to come true; to be confirmed
      應驗／应验  ―  yìngyàn  ―  to be confirmed
    6. to suit; to fit
      應時／应时  ―  yìngshí  ―  seasonable
    7. to accept
      應約／应约  ―  yìngyuē  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    8. (Cantonese) impactful
    9. (Cantonese) exact
    10. 41st tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "response" (𝌮)
    11. (～縣) Ying County (a county of Shuozhou, Shanxi, China)
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (to promise):
    Descendants[edit]
    Sino-Xenic (應):
    • → Japanese: 応(おう) (ō)
  • → English: Ying

    • Compounds[edit]

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Wikipedia has articles on:

    Definitions[edit]

    應

    1. a surname
    Descendants[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai

    		応

    Kyūjitai

    		應

    Kanji[edit]

    應

    (“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 応)

    1. Kyūjitai form of 応

    Readings[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    應
    おう
    Jinmeiyō
    goon
    For pronunciation and definitions of 應 – see the following entry.
    【応】5
    [kanji] Grade 5 kanji
    (This term, 應, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 應 (MC 'ingH).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ〮 (Yale: qúng) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] ᄃᆡ답 응 Recorded as Middle Korean 응 (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [응(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    應 (eumhun 응할 응 (eunghal eung))

    1. Hanja form? of 응 (“to answer; to respond”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 2[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 應 (MC 'ing).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 Recorded as Middle Korean ᅙᅳᇰ (Yale: qung) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 일뎡 응[1] Recorded as Middle Korean 응 (ung) (Yale: ung) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.
    1. ^ 平聲

    Pronunciation[edit]

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ɯ(ː)ŋ]
    • Phonetic hangul: [응(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja[edit]

    應 (eumhun 응당(應當) 응)

    1. Hanja form? of 응 (“should; ought to”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    應: Hán Nôm readings: ứng, ưng, ừng

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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