許諾

See also: 许诺

Chinese

		to allow; to permit; to praise to allow; to permit; to praise; surname	to promise; to yes
trad. (許諾)		許	諾
simp. (许诺)		许	诺

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xǔnuò

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˇ ㄋㄨㄛˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): heoi² nok⁶
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hí-lo̍k / hír-lio̍k / hú-lo̍k / hú-lio̍k / hí-jio̍k

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xǔnuò
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˇ ㄋㄨㄛˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: syǔnuò
    • Wade–Giles: hsü³-no⁴
    • Yale: syǔ-nwò
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheunuoh
    • Palladius: сюйно (sjujno)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy²¹⁴⁻²¹ nu̯ɔ⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: heoi² nok⁶
    • Yale: héui nohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: hoey² nok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: hêu² nog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɵy̯³⁵ nɔːk̚²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí-lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hí-lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hylok
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /hi⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hír-lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hír-lio̍k
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɯ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú-lo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hú-lo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hwlok
    • IPA (Taipei): /hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ lɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hú-lio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hú-lio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hwliok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /hu⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liɔk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hí-jio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: hí-jio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hyjiok
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /hi⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: xjoX nak

Rime
Character	許	諾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)	泥 (8)
Final (韻)	魚 (22)	唐 (103)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	I
Fanqie	虚吕切	奴各切
Baxter	xjoX	nak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hɨʌX/	/nɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/hiɔX/	/nɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/xiɔX/	/nɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/hɨə̆X/	/nak̚/
Li Rong	/xiɔX/	/nɑk̚/
Wang Li	/xĭoX/	/nɑk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/xi̯woX/	/nɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xǔ	nuò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	heoi2	nok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ(r)aʔ  nˤak/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hŋaʔ  naːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	許	諾
Reading #	1/2	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xǔ	nuò
Middle Chinese	‹ xjoX ›	‹ nak ›
Old Chinese	/*qʰ(r)aʔ/	/*nˁak/
English	place (n.); allow	agree, say yes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	許	諾
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	13180	10934
Phonetic component	午	若
Rime group	魚	鐸
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime		諾
Old Chinese	/*hŋaʔ/	/*naːɡ/

Verb

許諾

1. to promise; to make a promise

Synonyms

• 允諾／允诺 (yǔnnuò)
• 應／应 (yìng)
• 應承／应承 (yìngchéng)
• 應許／应许 (yīngxǔ)
• 應諾／应诺 (yìngnuò) (literary)
• 承應／承应 (chéngyìng)
• 承諾／承诺 (chéngnuò)
• 接應／接应 (zie⁶ in⁴) (Xiang)
• 然諾／然诺 (ránnuò)
• 答應／答应 (dāyìng)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (許諾):

• → Japanese: 許諾(きょだく) (kyodaku)
• → Korean: 허락(許諾) (heorak)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
許	諾
きょ Grade: 5	だく Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) きょだく [kyòdákú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [kʲo̞da̠kɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

許(きょ)諾(だく) • (kyodaku) 

1. consent; permission

   許(きょ)諾(だく)を求(もと)める、許(きょ)諾(だく)を得(え)る

   kyodaku o motomeru, kyodaku o eru

   to ask for permission; to get permission

   利(り)用(よう)許(きょ)諾(だく)契(けい)約(やく)

   riyōkyodakukeiyaku

   end user license agreement

Verb

許(きょ)諾(だく)する • (kyodaku suru) suru (stem 許(きょ)諾(だく)し (kyodaku shi), past 許(きょ)諾(だく)した (kyodaku shita))

1. to consent; to permit

Conjugation

Conjugation of "許諾する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	許諾し	きょだくし	kyodaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	許諾し	きょだくし	kyodaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	許諾する	きょだくする	kyodaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	許諾する	きょだくする	kyodaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	許諾すれ	きょだくすれ	kyodaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	許諾せよ¹ 許諾しろ²	きょだくせよ¹ きょだくしろ²	kyodaku seyo¹ kyodaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	許諾される	きょだくされる	kyodaku sareru
Causative	許諾させる 許諾さす	きょだくさせる きょだくさす	kyodaku saseru kyodaku sasu
Potential	許諾できる	きょだくできる	kyodaku dekiru
Volitional	許諾しよう	きょだくしよう	kyodaku shiyō
Negative	許諾しない	きょだくしない	kyodaku shinai
Negative continuative	許諾せず	きょだくせず	kyodaku sezu
Formal	許諾します	きょだくします	kyodaku shimasu
Perfective	許諾した	きょだくした	kyodaku shita
Conjunctive	許諾して	きょだくして	kyodaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	許諾すれば	きょだくすれば	kyodaku sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

• 許(きょ)可(か) (kyoka)