鷹

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See also: 鹰
鷹 U+9DF9, 鷹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9DF9
← 鷸
[U+9DF8] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 鷺 →
[U+9DFA]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

鷹 (Kangxi radical 196, 鳥+13, 24 strokes, cangjie input 戈土竹日火 (IGHAF), four-corner 00227, composition ⿸䧹鳥)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1501, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47377
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2031, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4666, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+9DF9

Chinese[edit]

trad. 鷹
simp. 鹰
2nd round simp. ⿰应鸟
alternative forms 䧹

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (鷹) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
應 *qɯŋ, *qɯŋs
鷹 *qɯŋ
膺 *qɯŋ
譍 *qɯŋs
噟 *qɯŋs

Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *qɯŋ): phonetic 䧹 (OC *qɯŋ, “eagle; hawk”) + semantic 鳥 (“bird”).

Etymology[edit]

This word is possibly related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-la(ŋ/k) (“bird of prey”), which is likely a loan from Proto-Mon-Khmer *laŋ ~ *laaŋ ~ *laiŋ (“large raptor”) > Proto-Bahnaric *klaːŋ (“hawk”), Proto-Palaungic *klaːŋ (“kite”), Mon လနေၚ် (“kite”), Khmer ខ្លែង (khlaeng, “kite”); within Tibeto-Burman, compare Tibetan གླག (glag, “eagle; vulture”), Burmese လင်းတ (lang:ta., “vulture”), Jingpho lang (“bird of the falcon family”) (Benedict, 1972; STEDT).

This word agrees better with Tibetan སྐྱིང་སེར (skying ser, “eagle; vulture”) if the Old Chinese is reconstructed as *s-ki̯əŋ (Benedict, 1990; Schuessler, 2007); Benedict (1976) reconstructs Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-kiŋ for this, which Benedict (1990) suggests is the native Sino-Tibetan root.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 蒸 (133)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 於陵切
Baxter 'ing
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔɨŋ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔɨŋ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔieŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔiŋ/
Li
Rong 		/ʔiəŋ/
Wang
Li 		/ĭəŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔi̯əŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yīng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jing1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yīng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔing ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[q](r)əŋ/
English eagle, falcon

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 鷹
Reading # 1/1
No. 15347
Phonetic
component 		鷹
Rime
group 		蒸
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		膺
Old
Chinese 		/*qɯŋ/
Notes 說文正體從隹瘖省聲，
此爲籀文

Definitions[edit]

鷹

  1. eagle
  2. falcon
  3. hawk

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

鷹

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

  1. eagle
  2. falcon
  3. hawk

Readings[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Kanji in this term
鷹
たか
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Old Japanese.[1] Compare Ainu タカ (taka, “hawk”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

鷹(たか) • (taka) 

  1. a hawk (predatory bird)

Usage notes[edit]

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as タカ.

Derived terms[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

Kanji in this term
鷹
くち
Jinmeiyō
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 鷹 – see the following entry.
【くち】
[noun] 鷹: (obsolete) hawk
(This term, 鷹, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Frellesvig, Bjarke; Stephen Wright Horn; et al. (eds.) (2023), “Old Japanese taka”, in Oxford-NINJAL Corpus of Old Japanese‎[1]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

鷹 (eumhun 매 응 (mae eung))

  1. hawk; falcon (esp. the peregrine or gyrfalcon)

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Readings[edit]

鷹: Hán Việt readings: ưng
鷹: Nôm readings: ưng

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