承認

See also: 承认

Chinese

		to bear; to carry; to hold to bear; to carry; to hold; to continue; to undertake; to take charge; owing to; due to; to receive	to recognize; to know; to admit
trad. (承認)		承	認
simp. (承认)		承	认

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chéngrèn

(Zhuyin): ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sing⁴ jing⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): sṳ̀n-ngin

(Hailu, HRS): shin ngin^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): sen² ngin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ceng¹ reng³
Eastern Min (BUC): sìng-nêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sêng-līn / sêng-jīn / sîn-jīn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sêng⁵ ring⁷ / sêng⁵ rêng⁷

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chéngrèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄥˊ ㄖㄣˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chéngrèn
  - Wade–Giles: chʻêng²-jên⁴
  - Yale: chéng-rèn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cherngrenn
  - Palladius: чэнжэнь (čɛnžɛnʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵ ʐən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sing⁴ jing⁶
  - Yale: sìhng yihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sing⁴ jing⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: xing⁴ ying⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɪŋ²¹ jɪŋ²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ̀n-ngin
  - Hakka Romanization System: siin^ˇ ngin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sin² ngin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ ŋin⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: shin ngin^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /ʃin⁵⁵ ŋin³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: sen² ngin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /sən¹¹ ŋin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ceng¹ reng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəŋ¹¹ ʐəŋ⁴⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sìng-nêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /siŋ⁵³⁻²¹ nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei, Philippines)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-līn
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-līn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: senglin
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ lin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ²⁴⁻²² lin²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sêng-jīn
  - Tâi-lô: sîng-jīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengjin
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ²³⁻³³ zin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Singapore): /seŋ²⁴⁻²¹ d͡zin²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sîn-jīn
  - Tâi-lô: sîn-jīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sinjin
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³⁻²² d͡zin²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sêng⁵ ring⁷ / sêng⁵ rêng⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng jīng / sêng jēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡ziŋ¹¹/, /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zeŋ¹¹/

Note: sêng5 rêng7 - Jieyang.

Verb

承認 (transitive)

to admit; to concede; to acknowledge; to confess
承認說錯話／承认说错话 ― chéngrèn shuō cuò huà ― to admit to saying the wrong thing
to recognise (diplomatically)

Synonyms

(to admit): (literary, or in compounds) 認／认 (rèn), (Puxian Min) 承受 (chéngshòu)
(to confess):

edit

交代 (jiāodài)
供認 / 供认 (gòngrèn) (one's crimes)
坦白 (tǎnbái)
招
招供 (zhāogòng) (one's crimes)
招認 / 招认 (zhāorèn) (one's crimes)
自供 (zìgòng)
自白 (zìbái)

(to recognise):

edit

允諾 / 允诺 (yǔnnuò)
同意 (tóngyì)
壋頭 / 垱头 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, figurative)
應 / 应 (yīng)
批准 (pīzhǔn)
擁護 / 拥护 (yōnghù)
答應 / 答应 (dāyìng)
認可 / 认可 (rènkě)
認同 / 认同 (rèntóng)
贊同 / 赞同 (zàntóng)
贊成 / 赞成 (zànchéng)
附合 (fùhé) (literary, to echo)
附和 (fùhè) (to echo)
附議 / 附议 (fùyì)
首肯 (shǒukěn) (literary)
點頭 / 点头 (diǎntóu) (figurative)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to admit”): 否定 (fǒudìng), 否認／否认 (fǒurèn)
(antonym(s) of “to recognise”):

edit

回絕 / 回绝 (huíjué)
屏絕 / 屏绝 (bǐngjué)
拒 (jù) (formal, or in compounds)
拒絕 / 拒绝 (jùjué)
摒絕 / 摒绝 (bìngjué)

Derived terms

國家承認 / 国家承认
坦承 (tǎnchéng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
承	認
しょう Grade: 6	にん Grade: 6
on'yomi

Etymology

From 承 (shō, “agree to”) + 認 (nin, “recognize”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しょーにん [shòóníń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ːɲ̟ĩɴ]

Noun

承(しょう)認(にん) • (shōnin)

approval, recognition

Derived terms

不承認 (fushōnin): disapproval, dissent
未承認 (mishōnin): unapproved
未承認国家 (mishōnin kokka) unrecognized state
国家承認 (kokka shōnin): diplomatic recognition
承認図 (shōninzu): approved plan or drawing
承認履歴 (shōnin rireki): (computing) approval log
承認状 (shōninjō): certificate of approval
承認者 (shōninsha): (computing) approver, authorizer
承認者表示 (shōninsha hyōji): (computing) authorizing users indication

Verb

承(しょう)認(にん)する • (shōnin suru) transitive suru (stem 承(しょう)認(にん)し (shōnin shi), past 承(しょう)認(にん)した (shōnin shita))

approve
- 2023 November 10, 吉田統彦, quotee, “第212回国会　衆議院　厚生労働委員会　第3号　令和5年11月10日”, in 国会会議録検索システム‎^[1], 国立国会図書館, retrieved 10 January 2026:
  生理活性、薬理活性が分からない薬を承認するというのは、世界で珍しいです。
  Seiri kassei, yakuri kassei ga wakaranai kusuri o shōnin suru to iu no wa, sekai de mezurashii desu.
  It is rare in the world to approve a drug whose physiological and pharmacological activity is unknown.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "承認する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	承認し	しょうにんし	shōnin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	承認し	しょうにんし	shōnin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	承認する	しょうにんする	shōnin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	承認する	しょうにんする	shōnin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	承認すれ	しょうにんすれ	shōnin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	承認せよ¹ 承認しろ²	しょうにんせよ¹ しょうにんしろ²	shōnin seyo¹ shōnin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	承認される	しょうにんされる	shōnin sareru
Causative	承認させる承認さす	しょうにんさせるしょうにんさす	shōnin saseru shōnin sasu
Potential	承認できる	しょうにんできる	shōnin dekiru
Volitional	承認しよう	しょうにんしよう	shōnin shiyō
Negative	承認しない	しょうにんしない	shōnin shinai
Negative continuative	承認せず	しょうにんせず	shōnin sezu
Formal	承認します	しょうにんします	shōnin shimasu
Perfective	承認した	しょうにんした	shōnin shita
Conjunctive	承認して	しょうにんして	shōnin shite
Hypothetical conditional	承認すれば	しょうにんすれば	shōnin sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

是認(ぜにん) (zenin)

Antonyms

否認(ひにん) (hinin)

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“承認”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
承	認

Noun

承認 • (seung'in) (hangeul 승인)

hanja form^? of 승인 (“approval, recognition”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
承	認

Verb

承認

chữ Hán form of thừa nhận (“to recognise; to admit”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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