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認

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 认
認 U+8A8D, 認
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A8D
← 誌
[U+8A8C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 誎 →
[U+8A8E]

Translingual

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Traditional 認
Simplified 认
Japanese 認
Korean 認

Han character

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認 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸戈心 (YRSIP), four-corner 07632, composition ⿰訁忍)

Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35502
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+8A8D

Chinese

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trad. 認
simp. 认

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涊 *nɯːnʔ, *njɯnʔ
紉 *nɯn
忍 *njɯnʔ
荵 *njɯnʔ
刃 *njɯns
認 *njɯns, *njɯŋs
仞 *njɯns
軔 *njɯns
韌 *njɯns
肕 *njɯns
牣 *njɯns
杒 *njɯns
訒 *njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *njɯns, *njɯŋs): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 忍 (OC *njɯnʔ).

Etymology

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Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njan (“to hear; to listen”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཉན (nyan, “to listen”), Mizo en (“to look; to look at”). Schuessler (2007) suggests another cognate Jingpho non⁵⁵ (“to think; to consider”).

Pronunciation

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Note: jing6 - common, jan6 - rare.
Note:
  • 6gnin - vernacular;
  • 6zen/6zyun - literary.
    Rime
    Character 認 認
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 日 (38) 日 (38)
    Final (韻) 眞 (43) 蒸 (133)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 而振切 而證切
    Baxter nyinH nyingH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ȵiɪnH/ /ȵɨŋH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ȵinH/ /ȵɨŋH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ȵʑjenH/ /ȵʑieŋH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ȵinH/ /ȵiŋH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ȵiĕnH/ /ȵiəŋH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ȵʑĭĕnH/ /ȵʑĭəŋH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ȵʑi̯ĕnH/ /ȵʑi̯əŋH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		rèn rèng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		jan6 jing6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 認
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		rèn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ nyinH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*nə[n]-s/
    English know

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 認 認
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 10832 10840
    Phonetic
    component         		刃 刃
    Rime
    group         		文 蒸
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		刃 認
    Old
    Chinese         		/*njɯns/ /*njɯŋs/

    Definitions

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    認

    1. to recognize; to know; to understand; to acknowledge
    2. to accept; to agree
    3. to admit (defeat); to resign (oneself to something)
    4. to treat as; to consider as
    5. to adopt; to take on
    6. to undertake (to do something)

    Synonyms

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    • (to recognize):

    Compounds

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    Japanese

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    Shinjitai 認
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    認󠄁
    認+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    認󠄃
    認+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji

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    認

    (Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

    1. recognize, appreciate

    Readings

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    From Middle Chinese 認 (MC nyinH):

    • Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: じん (jin)

    From Middle Chinese 認 (MC nyingH):

    From native Japanese roots:

    Compounds

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    Proper noun

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    認(みとむ) • (Mitomu) 

    1. a male given name

    References

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    1. ^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1971 (paper), page 1037 (digital)

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    認 (eumhun 알 인 (al in))

    1. hanja form? of 인 (“know”)
    2. hanja form? of 인 (“recognition”)
    3. hanja form? of 인 (“authorization”)
    4. hanja form? of 인 (“approval”)

    Compounds

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    認: Hán Nôm readings: nhận

    Verb

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    認

    chữ Hán form of nhận.

    1. to receive; to get; to obtain
    2. to recognise; to identify
    3. to admit (to); to acknowledge; to accept; to confess
    4. to agree (to)
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