認

See also: 认

認	U+8A8D, 認 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A8D

← 誌
[U+8A8C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

誎 →
[U+8A8E]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional	認
Simplified	认
Japanese	認
Korean	認

Han character[edit]

認 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜口尸戈心 (YRSIP), four-corner 0763₂, composition ⿰言忍)

Descendants[edit]

认

References[edit]

KangXi: page 1161, character 18
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35502
Dae Jaweon: page 1626, character 25
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3980, character 11
Unihan data for U+8A8D

Chinese[edit]

trad.		認
simp.		认

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (刃) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涊	nɯːnʔ, njɯnʔ
紉	*nɯn
忍	*njɯnʔ
荵	*njɯnʔ
刃	*njɯns
認	njɯns, njɯŋs
仞	*njɯns
軔	*njɯns
韌	*njɯns
肕	*njɯns
牣	*njɯns
杒	*njɯns
訒	*njɯns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *njɯns, *njɯŋs): semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 忍 (OC *njɯnʔ).

Etymology[edit]

Compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-njan (“to hear; to listen”) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཉན (nyan, “to listen”), Mizo en (“to look; to look at”). Schuessler (2007) suggests another cognate Jingpho non⁵⁵ (“to think; to consider”).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): rèn (ren⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jing⁶, jan⁶
Gan (Wiktionary): nyin⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): ngin

(Meixian, Guangdong): ngin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): reng³
Min Dong (BUC): nêng
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): līn / jīn

(Teochew, Peng'im): ring⁷
Wu (Wiktionary): nyin (T3)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: rèn
  - Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renn
  - Tongyong Pinyin: rèn
  - Wade–Giles: jên⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʐən⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: jing⁶, jan⁶
  - Yale: yihng, yahn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jing⁶, jan⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ying⁶, yen⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɪŋ²²/, /jɐn²²/

Note: jing6 - common, jan6 - rare.

Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: nyin⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲin¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngin
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲin⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ngin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ɲin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: reng³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: nêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡɛiŋ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: līn
  - Tâi-lô: līn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lin
  - IPA (Taipei): /lin³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /lin²²/
- (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jīn
  - Tâi-lô: jīn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: jin
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ʑin³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ʑin²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ring⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /d͡ziŋ¹¹/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: nyin (T3)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /n̠ʲɪɲ²³/

Middle Chinese: /ȵiɪn^H/, /ȵɨŋ^H/

Rime
Character	認	認
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	日 (38)	日 (38)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	蒸 (133)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	而振切	而證切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ȵiɪn^H/	/ȵɨŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ȵin^H/	/ȵɨŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ȵʑjen^H/	/ȵʑieŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ȵin^H/	/ȵiŋ^H/
Li Rong	/ȵiĕn^H/	/ȵiəŋ^H/
Wang Li	/ȵʑĭĕn^H/	/ȵʑĭəŋ^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȵʑi̯ĕn^H/	/ȵʑi̯əŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	rèn	rèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jan⁶	jing⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*nə[n]-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*njɯns/, /*njɯŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	認
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	rèn
Middle Chinese	‹ nyin^H ›
Old Chinese	/*nə[n]-s/
English	know
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	認	認
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	10832	10840
Phonetic component	刃	刃
Rime group	文	蒸
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	刃	認
Old Chinese	/*njɯns/	/*njɯŋs/

Definitions[edit]

認

to recognize; to know; to understand; to acknowledge
to accept; to agree
to admit (defeat); to resign (oneself to something)
to treat as; to consider as
to adopt; to take on
to undertake (to do something)

Synonyms[edit]

(to recognize):

edit

Synonyms of 認

分 (fēn) (literary, or in compounds)
分化 (fēnhuà)
分辨 (fēnbiàn)
辨明 (biànmíng)
辨析 (biànxī) (to differentiate and analyze)
辨白 (biànbái) (literary)
分別／分别 (fēnbié)
分揀／分拣 (fēnjiǎn) (literary)

判別／判别 (pànbié)
別白／别白 (biébái) (literary)
劃分／划分 (huàfēn)
區／区 (qū) (literary, or in compounds)
區分／区分 (qūfēn)
區別／区别 (qūbié)
區劃／区划 (qūhuà) (literary)

甄別／甄别 (zhēnbié)
識別／识别 (shíbié)
辨別／辨别 (biànbié)
辨認／辨认 (biànrèn)
辨識／辨识 (biànshí)
鑒別／鉴别 (jiànbié)
鑒識／鉴识 (jiànshí)

(to accept): 承認／承认 (chéngrèn)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 認

翻臉不認人／翻脸不认人 (fānliǎn bù rèn rén)
自認／自认 (zìrèn)
自認倒楣／自认倒楣
色認／色认
記認／记认 (jìrèn)
認了／认了
認分／认分
認可／认可 (rènkě)
認同／认同 (rèntóng)
認同卡／认同卡
認命／认命 (rènmìng)
認字／认字 (rènzì)
認定／认定 (rèndìng)
認屍／认尸 (rènshī)
認帳／认帐 (rènzhàng)
認床／认床 (rènchuáng)
認得／认得 (rènde)
認捐／认捐
認旗／认旗
認清／认清 (rènqīng)
認準／认准 (rènzhǔn)
認為／认为 (rènwéi)
認犯頭／认犯头
認生／认生 (rènshēng)
認真／认真 (rènzhēn)
認知／认知 (rènzhī)
認祖歸宗／认祖归宗 (rènzǔguīzōng)

認罪／认罪 (rènzuì)
認義／认义
認股／认股
認背／认背
認親／认亲 (rènqīn)
認證／认证 (rènzhèng)
認識／认识 (rènshi)
認識論／认识论 (rènshilùn)
認賊作父／认贼作父 (rènzéizuòfù)
認賊為子／认贼为子
認賠／认赔
認購／认购 (rèngòu)
認路／认路
認輸／认输 (rènshū)
認錯／认错 (rèncuò)
認領／认领 (rènlǐng)
認頭／认头
認養／认养
認養人／认养人
誤認／误认 (wùrèn)
識認／识认 (shírèn)
身分認證／身分认证
辨認／辨认 (biànrèn)
追認／追认 (zhuīrèn)
錯認顏標／错认颜标
體認／体认 (tǐrèn)
默認／默认 (mòrèn)

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	認
Kyūjitai ^[1]	認󠄁 認+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	認󠄃 認+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji[edit]

認

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

recognize, appreciate

Readings[edit]

From Middle Chinese 認 (MC ȵiɪn^H):

Go-on: にん (nin, Jōyō)
Kan-on: じん (jin)

From Middle Chinese 認 (MC ȵɨŋ^H):

Go-on: にょう (nyō)^{←によう (nyou, historical)}
Kan-on: じょう (jō)^{←じよう (zyou, historical)}

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: みとめる (mitomeru, 認める, Jōyō)^{←みとむ (mitomu, historical)}; したためる (shitatameru, 認める)^{←したたむ (sitatamu, historical)}
Nanori: もろ (moro)

Compounds[edit]

認(にん)可(か) (ninka)
認(にん)識(しき) (ninshiki)

認(にん)証(しょう) (ninshō)
認(にん)知(ち) (ninchi)

認(にん)定(てい) (nintei)
確(かく)認(にん) (kakunin)

Proper noun[edit]

認(みとむ) • (Mitomu)

a male given name

References[edit]

^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1971 (paper), page 1037 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

認 (eumhun 알 인 (al in))

Hanja form^? of 인 (“know”).
Hanja form^? of 인 (“recognition”).
Hanja form^? of 인 (“authorization”).
Hanja form^? of 인 (“approval”).

Compounds[edit]

인지 (認知, inji, “recognition”)
인정 (認定, injeong, “recognition, acknowledgment, authorization”)

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

認: Hán Nôm readings: nhận

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[1] 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1971 (paper), page 1037 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

[1]

認

Contents

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Definitions[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

References[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

Navigation menu