勤

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See also: 懃
勤 U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4
← 勣
[U+52E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 →
[U+52E5]

勤 U+FA34, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA34
← 勉
[U+FA33] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 卑 →
[U+FA35]

勤 U+2F827, 勤
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F827
← 勉
[U+2F826] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement 勺 →
[U+2F828]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

勤 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+11 in Chinese, 力+10 in Japanese, 13 strokes in Chinese, 12 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 149, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 378, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E4

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 勤
2nd round simp. 𰅉

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯn): phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • keng5 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai;
  • kêng5 - Jieyang;
  • king5 - Chaoyang.
  • Wu
    • Rime
    Character 勤
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 群 (30)
    Final (韻) 欣 (57)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 巨斤切
    Baxter gj+n
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɡɨn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɡɨn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɡiən/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/gɨn/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɡiən/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɡĭən/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/gi̯ən/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		qín
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		kan4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 勤
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		qín
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ gjɨn ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ər/
    English toil, diligent, devoted

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 勤
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6749
    Phonetic
    component         		堇
    Rime
    group         		文
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		勤
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡɯn/

    Definitions[edit]

    勤

    1. industrious; diligent; attentive
      辛勤  ―  xīnqín  ―  hardworking
      勤於政事／勤于政事  ―  qínyú zhèngshì  ―  to be diligent in attending to government affairs
    2. (literary, or in compounds) laborious; hard; miserable; exhausting
    3. (literary, or in compounds) duties; service
      外勤  ―  wàiqín  ―  fieldwork
      執勤／执勤  ―  zhíqín  ―  to be on duty
    4. frequent (done or occurring often)
      勤洗手  ―  qín xǐshǒu  ―  wash hands frequently
    5. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring" (𝍕)
    6. a surname
    Synonyms[edit]
    • (laborious):

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 2[edit]

    For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃 (“courteous, cordial; zealous”).
    (This character, 勤, is the simplified form of 懃.)
    Notes:

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 勤
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    勤
    &#xFA34;
    or
    勤+&#xFE00;?
    勤󠄁
    勤+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    勤󠄃
    勤+&#xE0103;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    勤

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. diligence

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Proper noun[edit]

    勤(つとむ) • (Tsutomu) 

    1. a male given name

    References[edit]

    1. ^ “勤”, in 漢字ぺディア (Kanjipedia)‎[1] (in Japanese), 日本漢字能力検定協会, 2015—2023

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    勤 (eumhun 부지런할 근 (bujireonhal geun))

    1. Hanja form? of 근 (“industrious, diligent, attentive”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    勤: Hán Nôm readings: cần, cùn

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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