勤

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See also: 懃 and 𝍕
勤 U+52E4, 勤
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52E4
← 勣
[U+52E3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 勥 →
[U+52E5]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

勤 (radical 19 力+11, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿一大尸 (TMKS), four-corner 44127, composition ⿰堇力)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 149, character 6
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2415
  • Dae Jaweon: page 336, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 378, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+52E4

Chinese[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 勤

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
囏 *krɯːn
螼 *kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇 *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐 *ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊 *ɡrɯn
僅 *ɡrɯns
瑾 *ɡrɯns
覲 *ɡrɯns
殣 *ɡrɯns
饉 *ɡrɯns
廑 *ɡrɯns
瘽 *ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏 *ɡrɯns
鄞 *ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹 *kɯnʔ
槿 *kɯnʔ
漌 *kɯnʔ
慬 *kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤 *ɡɯn
懃 *ɡɯn
懄 *ɡɯn

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡɯn): phonetic 堇 (OC *ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ) + semantic 力 (“strong”) – to work hard, to be diligent.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 群 (30)
Final (韻) 欣 (57)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɡɨn/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɡɨn/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɡiən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/gɨn/
Li
Rong 		/ɡiən/
Wang
Li 		/ɡĭən/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/gi̯ən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qín
Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qín
Middle
Chinese 		‹ gjɨn ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ər/
English toil, diligent, devoted

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 勤
Reading # 1/1
No. 6749
Phonetic
component 		堇
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		勤
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡɯn/

Definitions[edit]

勤

  1. industrious, diligent, attentive
  2. 80th tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "laboring"

Compounds[edit]

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 勤 – see 懃 (“courteous, cordial; zealous”).
(This character, 勤, is the simplified form of 懃.)
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

勤

Kyūjitai

勤 kyuujitai.PNG

Kanji[edit]

勤

(grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Proper noun[edit]

勤 (hiragana つとむ, rōmaji Tsutomu)

  1. A male given name

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

勤 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune-Reischauer kŭn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

勤 (cần, cùn)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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