懃

懃 U+61C3, 懃 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C3 ← 懂 [U+61C2] CJK Unified Ideographs 懄 → [U+61C4]

See also: 勤

Translingual

Han character

懃 (radical 61 心+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 廿尸心 (TSP), four-corner 4433₂, composition ⿱勤心)

1. courteous, cordial
2. zealous

References

• KangXi: page 405, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11321
• Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 23
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2358, character 1
• Unihan data for U+61C3

---

Chinese

trad.		懃
simp.		勤

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (堇) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
囏	*krɯːn
螼	*kʰrɯnʔ, *kʰrɯns
堇	*ɡrɯn, *kɯnʔ
墐	*ɡrɯn, *ɡrɯns
𥎊	*ɡrɯn
僅	*ɡrɯns
瑾	*ɡrɯns
覲	*ɡrɯns
殣	*ɡrɯns
饉	*ɡrɯns
廑	*ɡrɯns
瘽	*ɡrɯns, *ɡɯn, *ɡɯnʔ
歏	*ɡrɯns
鄞	*ŋɡrɯn, *ŋɡɯn
謹	*kɯnʔ
槿	*kɯnʔ
漌	*kɯnʔ
慬	*kɯnʔ, *ɡɯn
勤	*ɡɯn
懃	*ɡɯn
懄	*ɡɯn

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): qín (qin²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): kan⁴

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: qín
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ
    • Wade-Giles: ch'in²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyn
    • IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: kan⁴
    • Yale: kàhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: kan⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: ken⁴
    • IPA ^(key): /kʰɐn²¹/

---

• Middle Chinese: /ɡɨn/▼

Rime
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	欣 (57)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	巨斤切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨn/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨn/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡiən/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨn/
Li Rong	/ɡiən/
Wang Li	/ɡĭən/
Bernard Karlgren	/gi̯ən/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qín

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[ɡ]ər/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯn/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qín
Middle Chinese	‹ gjɨn ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ər/
English	toil, diligent, devoted
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	懃
Reading #	1/1
No.	6752
Phonetic component	堇
Rime group	文
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	勤
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯn/

Definitions

懃

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Compounds

• 慇慇懃懃／殷殷勤勤

• 慇懃／殷勤

• 懃懃／勤勤

---

Japanese

Kanji

懃

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• On (unclassified): きん (kin), ごん (gon)
• Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro)

---

Korean

Hanja

懃 • (geun) (hangeul 근, revised geun, McCune-Reischauer kŭn, Yale kun)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

---

Vietnamese

Han character

• Hán Việt: cần

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.