秋
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
秋 (radical 115 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 29980, composition ⿰禾火)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 850, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
- Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 4, page 2595, character 5
- Unihan data for U+79CB
Chinese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
秋 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | ||
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 秋 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu Slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
| Characters in the same phonetic series (秋) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 鍫 | *sʰew |
| 篍 | *sʰiw, *sʰiws, *sʰɯw |
| 愀 | *sʰiwʔ, *zɯwʔ |
| 湫 | *ʔsliwʔ, *ʔsɯw, *sʰɯw, *zɯwʔ |
| 揪 | *ʔsɯw |
| 揫 | *ʔsɯw |
| 啾 | *ʔsɯw |
| 鬏 | *ʔsɯw |
| 秋 | *sʰɯw |
| 鰍 | *sʰɯw |
| 楸 | *sʰɯw |
| 秌 | *sʰɯw |
| 鞦 | *sʰɯw |
| 鶖 | *sʰɯw |
| 萩 | *sʰɯw |
| 甃 | *ʔsrɯws |
| 醔 | *sʰrɯw |
| 愁 | *zrɯw |
| 僽 | *zrɯws |
Ideogrammic compound (會意): 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”). The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket.
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cau1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhiû
- Min Bei (KCR): chiú
- Min Dong (BUC): chiŭ
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): qieu (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄡ
- Wade-Giles: ch'iu1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiou
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: cau1
- Yale: chāu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau1
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo1
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhiû
- Hakka Romanization System: qiu´
- Hagfa Pinyim: qiu1
- IPA: /t͡ɕʰi̯u²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chiú
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: chiŭ
- IPA (key): /t͡sʰieu⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: qieu (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiɜ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 秋 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕʰiou⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕʰiou⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡sʰiou²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡sʰiou²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕʰiou²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕʰiɯ⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕʰiou³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕʰiɤu⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕʰʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕʰiəu⁴⁴/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡sʰiəɯ³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕʰiɯ²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕʰiəu¹³/ | |
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕʰiəu³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕʰiɤ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡sʰɤ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕʰiø³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕʰɤu³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiu³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡sʰiu¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sʰiəu³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡sʰiəɯ³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /t͡sʰiu²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰɐu⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /t͡sʰɐu⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /t͡sʰieu⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /t͡sʰiu³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /siu²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 七由切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/t͡sʰɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/t͡sʰiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/t͡sʰiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/t͡sʰuw/ |
| Li Rong |
/t͡sʰiu/ |
| Wang Li |
/t͡sʰĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
qiū |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
qiū |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ tshjuw › |
| Old Chinese |
/*tsʰiw/ |
| English | autumn; crop |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 秋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10537 |
| Phonetic component |
秋 |
| Rime group |
幽 |
| Rime subdivision |
2 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
秋 |
| Old Chinese |
/*sʰɯw/ |
Definitions[edit]
秋
See also[edit]
| Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (“fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 秋
Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦 (“tr=-”). (This character, 秋, is the simplified form of 鞦.) |
Notes:
|
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
秋
Readings[edit]
- Goon: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kan’on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)←しう (siu, historical)
- Kun: あき (aki, 秋, Jōyō); とき (toki, 秋)
Compounds[edit]
Compounds
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 秋 |
| あき Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
- 秋山 (akiyama): a mountain in autumn
See also[edit]
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) | 夏 (natsu, “summer”) | 秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (fuyu, “winter”) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
秋 • (chu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
秋 (thu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しゆ
- Japanese terms spelled with 秋 read as あき
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