秋
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
秋 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+4, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹木火 (HDF), four-corner 29980, composition ⿰禾火)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 850, character 6
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24940
- Dae Jaweon: page 1273, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2595, character 5
- Unihan data for U+79CB
Chinese[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
trad. | 秋 | |
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simp. # | 秋 | |
alternative forms |
Unclear. Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructed OC *tshiu < Proto-Chinese *C-nh(i)u and proposed its cognacy to either:
- 收 (OC *(n)hiu) "to reap, harvest, gather"; or
- 卒 (OC *tsut) "to finish, end, die", as vegetation dies in autumn; additionally in Zuozhuan, this word's referent was winter's dead vegetation.
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 秋 | |||||
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Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Bronze inscriptions | Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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The oracle bone forms and bronze inscriptions show the pictogram (象形) of a cricket or a locust, sometimes with a fire 火 glyph underneath. In its later form, became a Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sʰɯw): semantic 禾 (“rice”) + abbreviated phonetic 𤒅 (). Often thought of as an Ideogrammic compound (會意): 禾 (“grain”) + 火 (“fire”); after harvesting the grain, the fields are burned to kill locusts and their eggs.
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
秋
- harvest season
- autumn; fall
- 深秋 ― shēnqiū ― late autumn
- (literary) year
- period; time
- 多事之秋 ― duōshìzhīqiū ― troubled period
- autumn crops
- A surname.
See also[edit]
Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
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春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds[edit]
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Etymology 2[edit]
For pronunciation and definitions of 秋 – see 鞦. (This character, 秋, is the simplified form of 鞦.) |
Notes:
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical)
- Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō)←しう (siu, historical)
- Kun: あき (aki, 秋, Jōyō); とき (toki, 秋)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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秋 |
あき Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
⟨aki1⟩ → */akʲi/ → /aki/
From Old Japanese.
Likely cognate with 明き (aki, “bright”), 赤 (aka, “red”), 飽きる (akiru, “to become full up”, possibly in reference to the harvest), 空く (aku, “to become empty”), 開く (aku, “to open up”). However, the exact relationship of these terms remains unclear.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
- 秋山 (akiyama): a mountain in autumn
See also[edit]
Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
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春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 秋 (MC t͡sʰɨu).
Historical Readings | ||
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Dongguk Jeongun Reading | ||
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 츄ᇢ (Yale: chyùw) | |
Middle Korean | ||
Text | Eumhun | |
Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[1] | ᄀᆞᅀᆞᆯ (Yale: kòzòl) | 츄 (Yale: chyù) |
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰu]
- Phonetic hangul: [추]
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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秋 |
あち Grade: 2 |
kun’yomi |
Cognate with Japanese 秋 (aki, “autumn”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- “あち【秋】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading しう
- Japanese kanji with goon reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with historical goon reading しゆ
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