冬
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See also: 鼕
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
冬 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+3, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹水卜 (HEY), four-corner 27303, composition ⿱夂⺀ (GTJV) or ⿱夂冫 (K))
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 131, character 17
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1610
- Dae Jaweon: page 294, character 13
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 867, character 19
- Unihan data for U+51AC
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 冬 | ||||||
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| Shang | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Ancient script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意) and phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *tuːŋ): phonetic 夂 (zhǐ, “end”) + semantic 仌 (“ice”).
Etymology 1[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
冬 | |
|---|---|---|
| alternative forms | ||
Wang (1982) and Sagart (2023b) relate it to 終 (OC *tjuŋ, “to end”). Sagart (ibid.) also proposes its cognacy to Chepang tyuŋh (“at end, be weak, exhausted”), dyumʔ (“at ease after completing work”), dyum (“terminate, reach end; to be at end”), Jingpho chatum (“end, finish”), Limbu tum-ma (“ripe, mature”), & Proto-Ao *a-thəm "end, finish".
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
冬
- winter
- (Cantonese) winter solstice
- (Min Nan) year
- (～日) (telegraphy) the second day of a month
- Alternative form of 咚 (dōng, “bang; thud”).
- a surname
Synonyms[edit]
See also[edit]
| Seasons in Chinese · 四季 (sìjì, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (chūn, “spring”) | 夏 (xià, “summer”) | 秋 (qiū, “fall; autumn”) | 冬 (dōng, “winter”) |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 冬
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Etymology 2[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 冬 – see 咚 (“ratatat; etc.”). (This character, 冬, is the simplified form of 鼕, which is in turn a variant form of 咚.) |
Notes:
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Japanese[edit]
| Shinjitai | 冬 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
冬 冬or 冬+ ︀?
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| 冬󠄀 冬+ 󠄀?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 冬󠄃 冬+ 󠄃?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Kanji[edit]
冬
(grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 冬)
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
- Kan-on: とう (tō, Jōyō)←とう (tou, historical)
- Kun: ふゆ (fuyu, 冬, Jōyō)
- Nanori: かず (kazu); とし (toshi); ふゆ (fuyu)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
⟨puyu⟩ → /ɸuju/
From Old Japanese.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- winter (season)
- 冬の狂風
- Fuyu no Kyōfū
- The Winds of Winter
- Synonyms: 冬季 (tōki), 冬期 (tōki)
- 冬の狂風
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
Coordinate terms[edit]
| Seasons in Japanese · 四季 (shiki, “four seasons”) (layout · text) · category | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| 春 (haru, “spring”) 春季 (shunki, “spring”) 春期 (shunki, “spring period”) |
夏 (natsu, “summer”) 夏季 (kaki, “summer”) 夏期 (kaki, “summer period”) |
秋 (aki, “fall; autumn”) 秋季 (shūki, “fall; autumn”) 秋期 (shūki, “fall period”) |
冬 (fuyu, “winter”) 冬季 (tōki, “winter”) 冬期 (tōki, “winter period”) |
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| とう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC tuoŋ).
Affix[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Derived terms
See also[edit]
- ウィンター (wintā)
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 冬 (MC tuoŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 도ᇰ (twong) (Yale: twong) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.
Hanja[edit]
Compounds[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
冬
Readings[edit]
Etymology[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 冬 |
| ふゆ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
Compare Japanese 冬 (fuyu, “winter”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
References[edit]
- “ふゆ【冬】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
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