winter
English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz (“winter”). Cognate with West Frisian winter (“winter”), Dutch winter (“winter”), German Winter (“winter”), Danish, Swedish and Norwegian vinter (“winter”), Icelandic vetur (“winter”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈwɪntə/
- (General American, Canada) enPR: wĭnʹtər, IPA(key): /ˈwɪntɚ/, [ˈwɪɾ̃ɚ], [ˈwɪntʰɚ], [ˈwɪnɚ]
Audio (General American); [ˈwɪntʰɚ]: (file) Audio (Canada, rare); [ˈwɪnɚ]: (file) - Homophone: winner (US, Canada, some dialects)
- Hyphenation: win‧ter
- Rhymes: -ɪntə(ɹ)
Noun
[edit]winter (countable and uncountable, plural winters)
- Traditionally the fourth of the four seasons, typically regarded as being from December to February in continental regions of the Northern Hemisphere or the months of June, July, and August in the Southern Hemisphere. It is the time when the sun is lowest in the sky, resulting in short days, and the time of year with the lowest atmospheric temperatures for the region.
- a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie."[1], London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:
- Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
- 1592, Shakespeare, Henry VI, Part 1:
- And after summer evermore succeeds
Barren winter, with his wrathful nipping cold.
- 1650, Thomas Browne, “Of the Cameleon”, in Pseudodoxia Epidemica: […], 2nd edition, London: […] A[braham] Miller, for Edw[ard] Dod and Nath[aniel] Ekins, […], →OCLC, 3rd book, page 133:
- It cannot be denied it [the chameleon] is (if not the moſt of any) a very abſtemious animall, and ſuch as by reaſon of its frigidity, paucity of bloud, and latitancy in the winter (about which time the obſervations are often made) will long ſubſist without a viſible ſuſtentation.
- 1785, William Cowper, “Tirocinium: or, A Review of Schools." in The Poems of William Cowper, Vol. II., The Press of C. Whittingham (1822), page 174:
- There shall he learn, ere sixteen winters old,
That [...]
- There shall he learn, ere sixteen winters old,
- 1897, William Morris, The Water of the Wondrous Isles, volume I, Longmans, Green and Co., published 1914, page 2:
- […] a woman, tall, and strong of aspect, of some thirty winters by seeming, [...]
- (figuratively, poetic) The period of decay, old age, death, or the like.
- 1814, William Wordsworth, The Excursion:
- Life's autumn past, I stand on winter's verge.
- 2023, Ben Armstrong, Catching Up to Crypto, page 78:
- Buterin seemed to sense that the market was out of balance, and he made a smart decision that helped Ethereum weather the crypto winter and continue to build while the market was down.
- (countable, fashion) Someone with dark skin, eyes and hair, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
- (obsolete) An appliance to be fixed on the front of a grate, to keep a kettle warm, etc.
- (India, archaic) The rainy season.
- 1584, Barret, in Hakl. ii. 413
- Note that the Citie of Goa is the principall place of all the Oriental India, and the winter thus beginneth the 15 of May, with very great raine.
- 1610, Finch, in Purchas, i. 423
- The Winter heere beginneth about the first of Iune and dureth till the twentieth of September, but not with continuall raines as at Goa, but for some sixe or seuen dayes every change and full, with much wind, thunder and raine.
- 1678, Fryer, 410
- In Winter (when they rarely stir) they have a Mumjama, or Wax Cloth to throw over it […]
- 1770,—Raynal, tr. 1777, i. 34
- The mere breadth of these mountains divides summer from winter, that is to say, the season of fine weather from the rainy […] all that is meant by winter in India is the time of the year when the clouds […] are driven violently by the winds against the mountains, […]
- 1584, Barret, in Hakl. ii. 413
Usage notes
[edit]Note that season names are not capitalized in modern English except where any noun would be capitalized, e.g. at the beginning of a sentence or as part of a name (Old Man Winter, the Winter War, Summer Glau). This is in contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always capitalized (Thursday or September).
Hyponyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- Arab Winter
- Arctic Winter Games
- Austrian winter pea
- beady-legged winter horse tick
- bewinter
- buy straw hats in winter
- Canella winterana
- Chinese winter squash
- dead of winter
- Drimys winteri
- early-winter
- early winter cress
- East Indian winter jet
- Father Winter
- Fell Winter
- Fimbulwinter
- forwintered
- Hildewintera
- in-winter
- jacky winter
- jacky-winter
- late-winter
- love-in-winter
- Madeira winter cherry
- mid-winter
- midwinter
- Old Man Winter
- Operation Dark Winter
- outwinter
- out-winter
- overwinter
- Pseudowintera
- rere-winter
- Russian winter white dwarf hamster
- Spencer's winter vomiting
- squaw winter
- summer and winter
- twinter
- unwinter
- Villa Winter
- Western Winter Blast
- wild winterpea
- Winter
- Wintera
- winter aconite
- winterage
- winteran
- winter and winter
- winter annual
- winter apple
- winter barley
- winter-beaten
- winter berry
- winterberry
- winter-bloom
- winter bloom
- winter blues
- winter book
- winter boot
- winter-bound
- winterbourne
- winter break
- winter bud
- winter bunting
- winter capital
- winter carnival
- winter cherry
- Winter Circle
- winter city
- winter-clad
- winter-close
- winter clover
- winter cluster
- Winter Coast
- winter coat
- winter corn
- winter cough
- winter count
- winter country
- winter-crack
- wintercress
- winter cress
- winter crookneck
- winter crookneck squash
- winter crop
- winter currant
- winter daffodil
- winter depression
- winter-dress
- winter duck
- winter dysentery
- winter eczema
- wintered
- Winter-een-mas
- winter egg
- winter falcon
- winter fallow
- winter fat
- winter-feed
- winterfeed
- winter fern
- Winterfest
- winter festival
- winter fever
- winter finch
- winter flounder
- winter-flower
- winter flowering cherry
- Winterfresh
- Winter Games
- winter garden
- winter gillyflower
- winter gnat
- winter gourd
- winter grape
- wintergreen
- wintergreen
- winter greens
- winter-ground
- winter guard
- winter gull
- winter-gull
- winter-hained
- Winter Harbor
- Winter Harbour
- winterhardy
- winter-hardy
- Winter Haven
- Winter Haven
- Winterhaven
- winter hawk
- winter hazel
- winter heath
- winter heliotrope
- winter hellebore
- winter hemp
- Winter Hexagon
- Winter Hill
- winter holidays
- winterhouse
- winter-house
- Winteria
- winter ice
- winteridge
- winterim
- winterise
- winterish
- Winter Island
- winter itch
- winterize
- winter jasmine
- winter kill
- winter-kill
- winter-killed
- Winter King
- winterless
- Winter Line
- winterling
- winter lodge
- winter lodgment
- winter-long
- winter-love
- Winterlude
- winterly
- Winter Magic Festival
- winter marjoram
- winter melon
- winter melon vine
- winter-mew
- winter mew
- winter midge
- winter monsoon
- winter moon
- winter moth
- winter mushroom
- winter oats
- Winterocereus
- Winter of Discontent
- Winter of Nations
- winter oil
- winter-old
- Winter Olympic Games
- Winter Olympics
- winter ova
- winter-over syndrome
- winter packet
- Winter Palace
- Winter Park
- winter peach
- winter pear
- winter-pick
- winter-piece
- winter-pride
- winter-proud
- winter-proud
- winter purslane
- winter quarters
- Winter Queen
- winter queening
- winter range
- winter rape
- winter rat
- winter redbird
- winter-rig
- winter road
- winter rocket
- winter rose
- winter rules
- winter-run fish
- winter rye
- winters
- winter salami
- winter savory
- winter's bark
- Winter's bark
- Winter's cinnamon
- winter scours
- winter shad
- winter-shad
- winter sheldrake
- winter sleep
- winter sleeper
- winter snipe
- winter solstice
- wintersome
- winter sport
- Winter Springs
- winter squash
- Winter's syndrome
- winter-stall
- winter storm
- winter story
- Winterstown
- winter strawberry
- winter sun
- winter sunstead
- Wintersville
- winter-sweet
- winter sweet
- wintersweet
- winter sweet marjoram
- winter swimmer
- winter tale
- winter teal
- winter-thorn
- winter tick
- wintertide
- winter-tide
- winter time
- wintertime
- winter-time
- winter tire
- Winter Triangle
- winter triathlon
- winter tyre
- winter urn
- winter vacation
- Winterval
- Winterville
- winter visitor
- winter vomiting disease
- winter wagtail
- Winter War
- winterward
- winterwards
- winter warfare
- winter warmer
- winter wash
- winter-weed
- winterweed
- winterweight
- winter-weight
- winter wheat
- Winter White House
- winter white Russian hamster
- winter wicket
- winter woolies
- winter woollies
- winter worm
- winter worm summer grass
- winter wren
- wintery
- wintrous
- wintry
Translations
[edit]
|
See also
[edit]Seasons in English · seasons (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
spring | summer | autumn, fall | winter |
Verb
[edit]winter (third-person singular simple present winters, present participle wintering, simple past and past participle wintered)
- (intransitive) To spend the winter (in a particular place).
- When they retired, they hoped to winter in Florida.
- (transitive) To store something (for instance animals) somewhere over winter to protect it from cold.
Derived terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]
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Anagrams
[edit]Afrikaans
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Dutch winter, from Middle Dutch winter, from Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter (plural winters)
See also
[edit]Seasons in Afrikaans · seisoene (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
lente, voorjaar (“spring”) | somer (“summer”) | herfs, najaar (“autumn”) | winter (“winter”) |
Alemannic German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German winter, from Old High German wintar, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with German Winter, Dutch winter, English winter, Swedish vinter.
Noun
[edit]winter m
See also
[edit]Seasons in Alemannic German · Italian Walser (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
Carcoforo: ustog Formazza: langsé Gressoney: ustag Issime: oustaga Rimella: üstàg |
ŝchummer summer sòmmer summer ŝchumer |
herbscht herbscht herbscht hérbscht harpscht |
winter wénter wénter winter wenter |
References
[edit]- Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien
Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Dutch winter, from Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter m (plural winters, diminutive wintertje n)
- winter
- De winter van dat jaar was bijzonder koud. ― The winter of that year was exceptionally cold.
- Kinderen speelden in de sneeuw tijdens de winter. ― Children played in the snow during the winter.
- Het wintertje was mild en aangenaam. ― The short winter was mild and pleasant.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Seasons in Dutch · seizoenen (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
voorjaar (“spring”), lente (“spring”) | zomer (“summer”) | herfst (“autumn”), najaar (“autumn”) | winter (“winter”) |
Middle Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Dutch winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Noun
[edit]winter m
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “winter”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
- Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “winter”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN
Middle English
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old English winter, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter (plural wintres)
- winter
- p. 1154, “AD 1137”, in Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (MS. Laud Misc. 636, continuation), Peterborough, folio 89, verso; republished at Oxford: Digital Bodleian, 2018 February 8:
- ⁊ ð laſtede þa ·xix· ƿintre ƿile Stephne ƿaſ king ⁊ æure it ƿaſ uuerſe ⁊ uuerſe.
- And this lasted the 19 winters when Stephen was king, and it continually got worse and worse.
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- “winter, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
See also
[edit]Seasons in Middle English · sesounes (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
lenten, spryng | somer | hervest, autumpne | winter |
Middle High German
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old High German wintar, from Proto-West Germanic *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter m
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Alemannic German: Winter
- Bavarian: Winta
- Central Franconian: Wenter, Wengter (Ripuarian, now chiefly western dialects), Wonter, Wönter (Eifel)
- German: Winter
- East Central German:
- Yiddish: ווינטער (vinter)
See also
[edit]Seasons in Middle High German · [Term?] (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
lenze (“spring”) | sumer (“summer”) | herbest (“autumn”) | winter (“winter”) |
References
[edit]- Benecke, Georg Friedrich, Müller, Wilhelm, Zarncke, Friedrich (1863) “winter”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel
- "winter" in Köbler, Gerhard, Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch (3rd edition 2014)
Old Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Noun
[edit]winter m
Inflection
[edit]This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
[edit]- Middle Dutch: winter
Further reading
[edit]- “winter”, in Oudnederlands Woordenboek, 2012
Old English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From earlier *wintr < *wintru, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz. Cognate with Old Frisian winter, Old Saxon wintar, Old Dutch winter, Old High German wintar, Old Norse vetr, Gothic 𐍅𐌹𐌽𐍄𐍂𐌿𐍃 (wintrus).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter m
- winter
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- ...þis ēalond hafað myċele lengran dagas on sumera, ⁊ swā ēac nihta on wintra, þonne ðā sūðdǣlas middanġeardes.
- ...this island has much longer days in the summer, and equally longer nights in the winter, than the southern parts of the world..
- late 9th century, translation of Bede's Ecclesiastical History
- year
- The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
- Iċ ðē seċġe lxxx wintra of ðām trēowcynne ðe is nemned Sem.
- I tell thee, eighty years, of the wood that is called Sem
- The Dialogues of Solomon and Saturn
Usage notes
[edit]The dative/instrumental usually retains the older u-stem form wintra, even in later Old English.
Declension
[edit]Strong a-stem:
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | winter | wintras |
accusative | winter | wintras |
genitive | wintres | wintra |
dative | wintre, wintra | wintrum |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]See also
[edit]Seasons in Old English · tīde (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
lencten (“spring”) | sumor (“summer”) | hærfest (“autumn”) | winter (“winter”) |
References
[edit]- Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller (1898) “winter”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary[3], 2nd edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scots
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English winter, from Old English winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Noun
[edit]winter (plural winters)
West Frisian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Frisian winter, from Proto-Germanic *wintruz.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]winter c (plural winters, diminutive winterke)
Derived terms
[edit]See also
[edit]Seasons in West Frisian · seizoenen (layout · text) · category | |||
---|---|---|---|
maaitiid (“spring”), foarjier (“spring”) | simmer (“summer”) | hjerst (“autumn”), neijier (“autumn”) | winter (“winter”) |
Further reading
[edit]- “winter”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English terms with homophones
- Rhymes:English/ɪntə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/ɪntə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English terms with quotations
- English poetic terms
- en:Fashion
- English terms with obsolete senses
- Indian English
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Seasons
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English transitive verbs
- en:Winter
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms derived from Old Dutch
- Afrikaans terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Afrikaans terms with IPA pronunciation
- Afrikaans terms with audio pronunciation
- Afrikaans lemmas
- Afrikaans nouns
- af:Seasons
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Middle High German
- Alemannic German terms derived from Middle High German
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Old High German
- Alemannic German terms derived from Old High German
- Alemannic German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Alemannic German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Alemannic German lemmas
- Alemannic German nouns
- Alemannic German masculine nouns
- Issime Walser
- Carcoforo Walser
- gsw:Seasons
- Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪntər
- Rhymes:Dutch/ɪntər/2 syllables
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -s
- Dutch masculine nouns
- Dutch terms with usage examples
- nl:Seasons
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch
- Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle Dutch lemmas
- Middle Dutch nouns
- Middle Dutch masculine nouns
- dum:Seasons
- Middle English terms inherited from Old English
- Middle English terms derived from Old English
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle English lemmas
- Middle English nouns
- Middle English terms with quotations
- enm:Seasons
- Middle High German terms derived from Old High German
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- Middle High German terms inherited from Old High German
- Middle High German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Middle High German lemmas
- Middle High German nouns
- Middle High German masculine nouns
- Middle High German masculine class 1 strong nouns
- gmh:Seasons
- Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old Dutch lemmas
- Old Dutch nouns
- Old Dutch masculine nouns
- Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Old English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old English lemmas
- Old English nouns
- Old English masculine nouns
- Old English terms with quotations
- Old English masculine a-stem nouns
- ang:Seasons
- ang:Winter
- Scots terms inherited from Middle English
- Scots terms derived from Middle English
- Scots terms inherited from Old English
- Scots terms derived from Old English
- Scots terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Scots terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Scots lemmas
- Scots nouns
- sco:Seasons
- West Frisian terms inherited from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms derived from Old Frisian
- West Frisian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- West Frisian terms with IPA pronunciation
- West Frisian lemmas
- West Frisian nouns
- West Frisian common-gender nouns
- fy:Seasons