zima

See also: Zima, zim’ă, зіма, and зима

Czech

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈzɪma/

• audio

  (file)

Noun

zima f

1. winter
2. cold

Declension

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zim
dative	zimě	zimám
accusative	zimu	zimy
vocative	zimo	zimy
locative	zimě	zimách
instrumental	zimou	zimami

Synonyms

• (cold): chlad, chladno, kosa, kláda, klendra

Antonyms

• (winter): léto
• (cold): teplo

Derived terms

• přezimovat
• zazimovat
• zimnice
• zimní
• zimomřivý
• zima jako v psírně

See also

Seasons in Czech · roční období (layout · text)
jaro (“spring”)	léto (“summer”)	podzim (“autumn”)	zima (“winter”)

Further reading

• zima in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
• zima in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989

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Polish

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈʑima]

• audio

  (file)

Noun

zima f

1. winter

Declension

declension of zima

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zim
dative	zimie	zimom
accusative	zimę	zimy
instrumental	zimą	zimami
locative	zimie	zimach
vocative	zimo	zimy

Derived terms

• zimowy

See also

Seasons in Polish · pory roku (layout · text)
wiosna (“spring”)	lato (“summer”)	jesień (“autumn”)	zima (“winter”)

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Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /zǐːma/
• Hyphenation: zi‧ma

Noun

zíma f (Cyrillic spelling зи́ма)

1. winter
2. cold, coldness (of weather or temperature)

Declension

Declension of zima

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zime
genitive	zime	zima
dative	zimi	zimama
accusative	zimu	zime
vocative	zimo	zime
locative	zimi	zimama
instrumental	zimom	zimama

See also

Seasons in Serbo-Croatian · godišnja doba / годишња доба (layout · text)
spring: proleće, proljeće, proliće пролеће, прољеће	summer: leto, ljeto лето, љето	autumn: jesen јесен	winter: zima зима

References

• “zima” in Hrvatski jezični portal

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Slovak

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *źeimāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈzima/

Noun

zima f (genitive singular zimy, nominative plural zimy, genitive plural zím, declension pattern of žena)

1. winter
2. very cold weather (regardless of the season)

Declension

Declension of zima

	singular	plural
nominative	zima	zimy
genitive	zimy	zím
dative	zime	zimám
accusative	zimu	zimy
locative	zime	zimách
instrumental	zimou	zimami

Derived terms

• zimný

See also

• (seasons) ročné obdobie; jar, jeseň, leto, zima

Further reading

• zima in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

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Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *zima, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeymeh₂.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈzìːma/
• Tonal orthography: zíma

Noun

zíma f (genitive zíme, nominative plural zíme)

1. winter

Declension

Declension of zíma (feminine, a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	zíma	zími	zíme
accusative	zímo	zími	zíme
genitive	zíme	zím	zím
dative	zími	zímama	zímam
locative	zími	zímah	zímah
instrumental	zímo	zímama	zímami

See also

• (seasons) létni čàs; pomlád, polétje, jesén, zíma

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Swahili

Adjective

-zima (declinable)

1. whole; entire; full
2. mature; fully grown
3. (in greetings) well

   U mzima ― Are you well?

Inflection

Inflected forms of -zima

Noun class	singular	plural
M-wa class	mzima	wazima
M-mi class	mzima	mizima
Ma class	zima	mazima
Ki-vi class	kizima	vizima
N class	nzima	nzima
U class	mzima	nzima
Pa class	pazima	pazima
Ku class	kuzima	kuzima
Mu class	muzima	muzima

Verb

-zima (infinitive kuzima)

1. to turn off, extinguish, quell

Conjugation

Conjugation of -zima
Non-finite forms
Form					Positive							Negative
Infinitive					kuzima							kutozima
Simple finite forms
Positive form					Singular							Plural
Imperative					zima							zimeni
Habitual					huzima
Complex finite forms
Polarity	Persons				Persons / Classes		Classes
	1st		2nd		3rd / M-wa		M-mi		Ma		Ki-vi		N		U	Ku	Pa	Mu
	Sg.	Pl.	Sg.	Pl.	Sg. / 1	Pl. / 2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11 / 14	15 / 17	16	18
Past Positive nilizima nalizima tulizima twalizima ulizima walizima mlizima mwalizima alizima walizima ulizima ilizima lilizima yalizima kilizima vilizima ilizima zilizima ulizima kulizima palizima mulizima Relative niliozima naliozima tuliozima twaliozima uliozima waliozima mliozima mwaliozima aliozima waliozima uliozima iliozima liliozima yaliozima kiliozima viliozima iliozima ziliozima uliozima kuliozima paliozima muliozima Negative sikuzima hatukuzima hukuzima hamkuzima hakuzima hawakuzima haukuzima haikuzima halikuzima hayakuzima hakikuzima havikuzima haikuzima hazikuzima haukuzima hakukuzima hapakuzima hamukuzima
Present Positive ninazima nazima tunazima unazima mnazima anazima wanazima unazima inazima linazima yanazima kinazima vinazima inazima zinazima unazima kunazima panazima munazima Relative ninaozima naozima tunaozima unaozima mnaozima anaozima wanaozima unaozima inaozima linaozima yanaozima kinaozima vinaozima inaozima zinaozima unaozima kunaozima panaozima munaozima Negative sizimi hatuzimi huzimi hamzimi hazimi hawazimi hauzimi haizimi halizimi hayazimi hakizimi havizimi haizimi hazizimi hauzimi hakuzimi hapazimi hamuzimi
Future Positive nitazima tutazima utazima mtazima atazima watazima utazima itazima litazima yatazima kitazima vitazima itazima zitazima utazima kutazima patazima mutazima Relative nitakaozima tutakaozima utakaozima mtakaozima atakaozima watakaozima utakaozima itakaozima litakaozima yatakaozima kitakaozima vitakaozima itakaozima zitakaozima utakaozima kutakaozima patakaozima mutakaozima Negative sitazima hatutazima hutazima hamtazima hatazima hawatazima hautazima haitazima halitazima hayatazima hakitazima havitazima haitazima hazitazima hautazima hakutazima hapatazima hamutazima
Subjunctive Positive nizime tuzime uzime mzime azime wazime uzime izime lizime yazime kizime vizime izime zizime uzime kuzime pazime muzime Negative nisizime tusizime usizime msizime asizime wasizime usizime isizime lisizime yasizime kisizime visizime isizime zisizime usizime kusizime pasizime musizime
Present Conditional Positive ningezima tungezima ungezima mngezima angezima wangezima ungezima ingezima lingezima yangezima kingezima vingezima ingezima zingezima ungezima kungezima pangezima mungezima Negative nisingezima singezima tusingezima hatungezima usingezima hungezima msingezima hamngezima asingezima hangezima wasingezima hawangezima usingezima haungezima isingezima haingezima lisingezima halingezima yasingezima hayangezima kisingezima hakingezima visingezima havingezima isingezima haingezima zisingezima hazingezima usingezima haungezima kusingezima hakungezima pasingezima hapangezima musingezima hamungezima
Past Conditional Positive ningalizima tungalizima ungalizima mngalizima angalizima wangalizima ungalizima ingalizima lingalizima yangalizima kingalizima vingalizima ingalizima zingalizima ungalizima kungalizima pangalizima mungalizima Negative nisingalizima singalizima tusingalizima hatungalizima usingalizima hungalizima msingalizima hamngalizima asingalizima hangalizima wasingalizima hawangalizima usingalizima haungalizima isingalizima haingalizima lisingalizima halingalizima yasingalizima hayangalizima kisingalizima hakingalizima visingalizima havingalizima isingalizima haingalizima zisingalizima hazingalizima usingalizima haungalizima kusingalizima hakungalizima pasingalizima hapangalizima musingalizima hamungalizima
Conditional Contrary to Fact Positive ningelizima tungelizima ungelizima mngelizima angelizima wangelizima ungelizima ingelizima lingelizima yangelizima kingelizima vingelizima ingelizima zingelizima ungelizima kungelizima pangelizima mungelizima
General Relative Positive nizimao tuzimao uzimao mzimao azimao wazimao uzimao izimao lizimao yazimao kizimao vizimao izimao zizimao uzimao kuzimao pazimao muzimao Negative nisiozima tusiozima usiozima msiozima asiozima wasiozima usiozima isiozima lisiozima yasiozima kisiozima visiozima isiozima zisiozima usiozima kusiozima pasiozima musiozima
Gnomic Positive nazima twazima wazima mwazima azima wazima wazima yazima lazima yazima chazima vyazima yazima zazima wazima kwazima pazima mwazima
Perfect Positive nimezima tumezima umezima mmezima amezima wamezima umezima imezima limezima yamezima kimezima vimezima imezima zimezima umezima kumezima pamezima mumezima
"Already" Positive nimeshazima tumeshazima umeshazima mmeshazima ameshazima wameshazima umeshazima imeshazima limeshazima yameshazima kimeshazima vimeshazima imeshazima zimeshazima umeshazima kumeshazima pameshazima mumeshazima
"Not yet" Negative sijazima hatujazima hujazima hamjazima hajazima hawajazima haujazima haijazima halijazima hayajazima hakijazima havijazima haijazima hazijazima haujazima hakujazima hapajazima hamujazima
"If/When" Positive nikizima tukizima ukizima mkizima akizima wakizima ukizima ikizima likizima yakizima kikizima vikizima ikizima zikizima ukizima kukizima pakizima mukizima
"If not" Negative nisipozima tusipozima usipozima msipozima asipozima wasipozima usipozima isipozima lisipozima yasipozima kisipozima visipozima isipozima zisipozima usipozima kusipozima pasipozima musipozima
Consecutive Positive nikazima tukazima ukazima mkazima akazima wakazima ukazima ikazima likazima yakazima kikazima vikazima ikazima zikazima ukazima kukazima pakazima mukazima
Not all possible forms are listed in the table. Transitive verbs can take object concords, relative concords can agree with all noun classes, and many other forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -zimia (“to faint”)
  • Causative: -zimisha
  • Passive: -zimwa
  • Stative: -zimika (“to go out”)