زمستان

Baluchi

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *jimáh.

Noun

زمستان • (zemestân)

1. winter

Persian

Alternative forms

• زمستون (zemestun)

Etymology

From Middle Persian [Term?] (ẕmstʾn' /⁠zamestān⁠/), borrowed from Northwestern Iranian, from Proto-Iranian *jimáh + Proto-Iranian *stā́nam (whence the suffix, ـِستَان (-estân, “-stan”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós (“cold, frost”).

Cognate with Northern Kurdish zivistan, Ossetian зымӕг (zymæg), Avestan 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), Latin hiems, Sanskrit हिम (himá), Pashto ژمی (žaməy) / Pashto زمی (zaməy).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): /za.mis.ˈtaːn/

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪ.mɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [zɪ.mɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [zɪ.mɪs.t̪ʰɑːn]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [zi.mis.t̪ʰɔːn]

 

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ze.mes.t̪ʰɒːn]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ze.mes.t̪ʰɒːn]
  • (Tehrani) IPA^(key): [ze.mes.t̪ʰuːn]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [zi.mis.t̪ʰɔn]

Readings
Classical reading?	zamistān
Dari reading?	zimistān
Iranian reading?	zemestân
Tajik reading?	zimiston

Noun

Dari	زمستان
Iranian Persian
Tajik	зимистон

زمستان • (zemestân) (plural زمستان‌ها)

1. winter

Derived terms

• زمستانی (zemestâni)
• چله‌ی زمستان (čelle-ye zemestân)

Related terms

• زم (zam)
• ـستان (-estân)

Descendants

• → Gujarati: ઝમિસ્થાન (jhamisthān) (partial calque)

See also

Seasons in Persian · فَصْل (fasl) (layout · text) · category
بَهار (bahâr, “spring”)	تابِسْتان (tâbestân, “summer”)	پاییز (pâyiz, “autumn”)	زِمِسْتان (zemestân, “winter”)

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian زمستان (zamistān).

Pronunciation

(Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /zɪ.məs.t̪ɑːn/, /zə.mɪs.t̪ɑːn/

Noun

زمستان • (zimastān or zamistān) m (Hindi spelling ज़िमस्तान)

1. winter
2. wisdom
3. science