立秋

Chinese

		erect	autumn
trad. (立秋)		立	秋
simp. #(立秋)		立	秋

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): Lìqiū

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): Ni² qiu¹

• Cantonese (Jyutping): laap⁶ cau¹
• Gan (Wiktionary): lit⁶ qiu¹
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Li̍p-chhiû

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lib⁶ qiu¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): lieh⁴ qiou¹
• Northern Min (KCR): Lì-chiú
• Eastern Min (BUC): Lĭk-chiŭ
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Li̍p-chhiu

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lib⁸ ciu¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁸liq-chieu
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): li⁶ ciou¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Lìqiū
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ ㄑㄧㄡ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Lìciou
    • Wade–Giles: Li⁴-chʻiu¹
    • Yale: Lì-chyōu
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Lihchiou
    • Palladius: Лицю (Licju)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹ t͡ɕʰi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: Ni² qiu¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: Likiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni²¹ t͡ɕʰiəu⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: laap⁶ cau¹
    • Yale: laahp chāu
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laap⁹ tsau¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lab⁶ ceo¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːp̚² t͡sʰɐu̯⁵⁵/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lit⁶ qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lit̚⁵ t͡ɕʰiu⁴²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Li̍p-chhiû
    • Hakka Romanization System: lib qiu^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lib⁶ qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ t͡sʰi̯u²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lib⁶ qiu¹
    • Sinological IPA: /lip̚⁵ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lieh⁴ qiou¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /liəʔ²⁻⁵⁴ t͡ɕʰiəu¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: Lì-chiú
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁴² t͡sʰiu⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Lĭk-chiŭ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃iʔ⁵⁻⁵⁵ t͡sʰieu⁵⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Li̍p-chhiu
    • Tâi-lô: Li̍p-tshiu
    • Phofsit Daibuun: libchiw
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lip̚²⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu³³/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lip̚¹²¹⁻²¹ t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lip̚⁴⁻³² t͡sʰiu⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lib⁸ ciu¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: li̍p tshiu
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lip̚⁴⁻² t͡sʰiu³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁸liq-chieu
    • MiniDict: lih^入 chieu
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵liq-qieu
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /liɪʔ¹¹ t͡ɕʰiɤ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: li⁶ ciou¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (old-style): /li²⁴ t͡sʰi̯əu̯³³/
    • Sinological IPA ^(key) (new-style): /li²⁴ t͡ɕʰi̯əu̯³³/

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• Middle Chinese: lip tshjuw

Rime
Character	立	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	清 (14)
Final (韻)	緝 (141)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力入切	七由切
Baxter	lip	tshjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liɪp̚/	/t͡sʰɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/lip̚/	/t͡sʰiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ljep̚/	/t͡sʰiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lip̚/	/t͡sʰuw/
Li Rong	/liəp̚/	/t͡sʰiu/
Wang Li	/lĭĕp̚/	/t͡sʰĭəu/
Bernard Karlgren	/li̯əp̚/	/t͡sʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì	qiū
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lap6	cau1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*k.rəp  tsʰiw/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rɯb  sʰɯw/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	立	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì	qiū
Middle Chinese	‹ lip ›	‹ tshjuw ›
Old Chinese	/*k.rəp/	/*tsʰiw/
English	stand (v.)	autumn; crop
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	立	秋
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	7869	10537
Phonetic component	立	秋
Rime group	緝	幽
Rime subdivision	1	2
Corresponding MC rime	立	秋
Old Chinese	/*rɯb/	/*sʰɯw/

Proper noun

立秋

1. The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms (around the 8th of August).

   • 數月，以立秋日署文東部督郵。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     数月，以立秋日署文东部督邮。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 《漢書·卷七七·蓋諸葛劉鄭孫母將何傳·孫寶》

     Shù yuè, yǐ lìqiū rì shù Wén dōngbù dūyóu. [Pinyin]

     Several months later, on the first day of autumn, Hou Wen was appointed as the Postal Inspector of the Eastern Region."

Synonyms

• (dialectal Mandarin, Gan, Huizhou, Northern Min, Puxian Min, Wu) 交秋
• (Harbin Mandarin) 打秋

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (立秋):

• → Japanese: 立秋(りっしゅう) (risshū)
• → Korean: 립추(立秋) (ripchu), 입추(立秋) (ipchu)

See also

• 二十四節氣／二十四节气 (Èrshísì Jiéqì, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 立春 (Lìchūn)、雨水 (yǔshuǐ)、驚蟄／惊蛰 (Jīngzhé)、春分 (Chūnfēn)、清明 (qīngmíng)、穀雨／谷雨 (Gǔyǔ)
  • Summer: 立夏 (Lìxià)、小滿／小满 (Xiǎomǎn)、芒種／芒种 (mángzhòng)、夏至 (xiàzhì)、小暑 (Xiǎoshǔ)、大暑 (Dàshǔ)
  • Autumn: 立秋 (Lìqiū)、處暑／处暑 (Chǔshǔ)、白露 (báilù)、秋分 (Qiūfēn)、寒露 (Hánlù)、霜降 (Shuāngjiàng)
  • Winter: 立冬 (Lìdōng)、小雪 (xiǎoxuě)、大雪 (dàxuě)、冬至 (dōngzhì)、小寒 (Xiǎohán)、大寒 (Dàhán)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
立	秋
りつ > りっ Grade: 1	しゅう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Middle Chinese /*lip̚t͡sʰiu/ > Japanese /*ɾit̚t͡ʃʰjuː/ > /ɾiʃːjuː/

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɾʲiɕːɨː]

Proper noun

立(りっ)秋(しゅう) • (Risshū) 

1. The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms.

See also

• 二(に)十(じゅう)四(し)節(せっ)気(き) (Nijūshi Sekki, “The twenty-four solar terms”):
  • Spring: 立(りっ)春(しゅん) (Risshun), 雨(う)水(すい) (Usui), 啓(けい)蟄(ちつ) (Keichitsu), 春(しゅん)分(ぶん) (Shunbun), 清(せい)明(めい) (Seimei), 穀(こく)雨(う) (Kokuu)
  • Summer: 立(りっ)夏(か) (Rikka), 小(しょう)満(まん) (Shōman), 芒(ぼう)種(しゅ) (Bōshu), 夏(げ)至(し) (Geshi), 小(しょう)暑(しょ) (Shōsho), 大(たい)暑(しょ) (Taisho)
  • Autumn: 立(りっ)秋(しゅう) (Risshū), 処(しょ)暑(しょ) (Shosho), 白(はく)露(ろ) (Hakuro), 秋(しゅう)分(ぶん) (Shūbun), 寒(かん)露(ろ) (Kanro), 霜(そう)降(こう) (Sōkō)
  • Winter: 立(りっ)冬(とう) (Rittō), 小(しょう)雪(せつ) (Shōsetsu), 大雪(たいせつ) (Taisetsu), 冬(とう)至(じ) (Tōji), 小(しょう)寒(かん) (Shōkan), 大寒(だいかん) (Daikan)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
立	秋

Proper noun

立秋

1. chữ Hán form of Lập thu (“The first day of autumn, one of the solar terms”).