丘

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also: 丠, 坵, and 兵
丘 U+4E18, 丘
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E18
← 丗
[U+4E17] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丙 →
[U+4E19]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

丘 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 人一 (OM), four-corner 72101, composition ⿱斤一)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №293

Derived characters[edit]

Further reading[edit]

Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for 丘:
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#丘|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource


  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33
  • Dae Jaweon: page 156, character 2
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 17, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+4E18

Chinese[edit]

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 丘
Shang Spring and Autumn Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j19598

j19599

j19600

j19601

j19602

j19603

j19604

j19605

j19606

j19607

j19608

j19609

j19610

j19611

j19612

j19613

j19614

j19615

j19616

j19618

j19619

j19620

j19621

j19622

j19623

Bronze inscriptions

b12629

b12630

b12631

b12632

b12633

Small seal script

s05951

s05952

Transcribed ancient scripts

L11667

L11668

L11669

L11670

L11671

L11672

L11673

L11674

L11675

L11676

L11677

L11678

L11679

L11680

L11665

L11666

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (丘) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
丘 *kʰʷɯ
邱 *kʰʷɯ
蚯 *kʰʷɯ
丠 *kʰʷɯ

Ideogram (指事) – hill. Earlier form closer to 丠, as in 虛 (OC *kʰa, *qʰa). Compare 山.

Etymology 1[edit]

simp. and trad.
 丘
alternative forms
 
丠
㐀
𡊣
㘳
坵
丠
㐀
𡊣
㘳
坵
𠀈
𠀉
𠀌

Wang (1982) relates this word to 墟 (xū) "ruin-mound". However, Schuessler (2007) disagrees.

Schuessler considers two homophones 丘, "hill, mound" and 丘 "village, district" to be the same word as settlements were often built on elevated grounds (for a parallel see 京 (jīng)) and traces this word's etymology to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r/g-wa (“village”); within Sinitic, 丘 (OC *kʰʷɯ) is cognate with 里 (OC *rɯʔ) "village" and 街 (OC *kreː, *kreː) "road crossing, street"; outsides Sinitic, cognate with Mizo khua (“village”), Lai khûa (“village, cosmos”), and Burmese ရွာ (rwa, “village”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kŭ - vernacular;
  • kiŭ - literary (incl. surname).
Note:
  • khu - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • khiu - literary.
Note:
  • ku1 - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • kiu1 - literary.
Rime
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 溪 (29)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 去鳩切
Baxter khjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kʰɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kʰiu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kʰiəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kʰuw/
Li
Rong 		/kʰiu/
Wang
Li 		/kʰĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/kʰi̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ khjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ʷʰə/
English hill, mound

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 丘
Reading # 1/1
No. 10523
Phonetic
component 		丘
Rime
group 		之
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		丘
Old
Chinese 		/*kʰʷɯ/

Definitions[edit]

丘

  1. mound; hill
    山丘  ―  shānqiū  ―  hill
    沙丘  ―  shāqiū  ―  dune
  2. grave
  3. to place a coffin in a temporary shelter pending burial
  4. (dialectal) Classifier for fields: plot
  5. (obsolete) ruins
  6. (obsolete) empty
  7. a surname
    丘成桐 [Cantonese]  ―  jau1 sing4 tung4 [Jyutping]  ―  Shing-Tung Yau (mathematician)

Usage notes[edit]

See 邱 (qiū).

See also[edit]
  • (hills): 山 (shān)

Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Since Song dynasty, this character may be read as 某 (mǒu) to prevent mentioning name of Confucius.

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 兵 (“weapon; army; troops; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 兵).

Etymology 3[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see 蚯 (“earthworm”).
(This character is the second-round simplified form of 蚯).
Notes:

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

丘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
丘
おか
Grade: S
kun’yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 丘 – see the following entry.
【おか】
[noun] hill
[proper noun] a surname
Alternative spelling
岡
(This term, 丘, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Middle Chinese 丘 (MC khjuw). Recorded as Middle Korean 구 (kwu) (Yale: kwu) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Hanja[edit]

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

丘 (eumhun 언덕 구 (eondeok gu))

  1. Hanja form? of 구 (“small hill”).

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

References[edit]

  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Kunigami[edit]

Kanji[edit]

丘

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Cognate with Japanese 丘(おか) (oka).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

丘(ふぁーい) (fāi) 

  1. hill

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

丘: Hán Việt readings: khiêu, khâu, khưu
丘: Nôm readings: khâu, kheo, khưu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=丘&oldid=77825260"