岳

See also: 嶽

岳 U+5CB3, 岳 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5CB3 ← 岲 [U+5CB2] CJK Unified Ideographs 岴 → [U+5CB4]

Translingual

Han character

岳 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一山 (OMU), four-corner 7277₂, composition ⿱丘山)

Related terms

• 山

References

• KangXi: page 309, character 31
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8001
• Dae Jaweon: page 609, character 25
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 767, character 14
• Unihan data for U+5CB3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		岳
alternative forms		𡵹 𡶓 𡷒 𡶳

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 岳
Shang	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (岳) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
岳	*ŋroːɡ
捳	*ŋroːɡ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 丘 (“hill”) + 山 (“mountain”).

Etymology 1

Unclear. Compare Proto-North Bahnaric *ŋŏk ("mountain") (> Halang ngŏk and Sedang ŋɔ). Note also Proto-Hlai *hŋwʔo³ (“mountain”) and perhaps also Burmese ငေါ (ngau:), [script needed] (ŋok-ŋak, “project, stick up or out”), [script needed] (ŋroŋʼ, “any sharp thing sticking out; sharp stump or thorn”), and Tibetan [script needed] (rŋog, “hump”) (Schuessler, 2007).

STEDT instead derives it from provisional Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kak (“expensive, at its peak”) and considers it cognate to 極 (OC *N‑kək; N‑k(r)ək, “ridge of house; the highest point; extreme limit, utmost”), Proto-Lolo-Burmese *kak (“expensive, intense, at its peak”) (> Lisu [script needed] (phy²¹ kha³⁵, “expensive”)), Ersu phɛ⁵⁵ khuɑ⁵⁵ (“expensive”), and Galo `kog dɨr (“peak”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): yuè (yue⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄝˋ

  (Chengdu, SP): yuo²

• Cantonese (Jyutping): ngok⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngo̍k
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): ga̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): ngag⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yuè
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄝˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yuè
    • Wade–Giles: yüeh⁴
    • Yale: ywè
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yueh
    • Palladius: юэ (jue)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɥɛ⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: yuo²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuo
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /yo²¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: ngok⁶
    • Yale: ngohk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: ngok⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: ngog⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɔːk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: ngog
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ngog⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /ŋok̚⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ga̍k
    • Tâi-lô: ga̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: gak
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɡak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡak̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡak̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɡak̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡak̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: ngag⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nga̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋak̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: ngaewk

Rime
Character	岳
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	江 (10)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五角切
Baxter	ngaewk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠʌk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚɔk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɔk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨwk̚/
Li Rong	/ŋɔk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋɔk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋɔk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yuè
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngok6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤrok/

  (Zhengzhang): /*ŋroːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	岳
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yuè
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁrok/
English	mountain, peak
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	岳
Reading #	1/1
No.	16339
Phonetic component	岳
Rime group	屋
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	嶽
Old Chinese	/*ŋroːɡ/
Notes	同嶽

Definitions

岳

1. (alt. form 嶽) tall mountain

   • 天子祭天下名山大川：五岳視三公，四瀆視諸侯。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     天子祭天下名山大川：五岳视三公，四渎视诸侯。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Rites, c. 4^th – 2^nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Tiānzǐ jì tiānxià míngshān dàchuān: wǔyuè shì sāngōng, sìdú shì zhūhóu. [Pinyin]

     The Son of Heaven sacrificed to all the famous hills and great streams under the sky: the five mountains receiving (sacrificial) honours like the honours paid (at court) to the three ducal ministers, and the four rivers receiving (sacrificial) honours like those paid to the princes of states.

2. (historical) name of a mountain (generally interpreted as 嵩山 (Sōng Shān, “Mount Song”) (Eno, 2009))

   • 壬子卜：又于岳。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

     From: Oracle Bone Inscription CZN 147 (1), from collection 殷墟小屯村中村南甲骨 ("Oracle bones from the center and south of Xiaotun village in the Wastes of Yin"). Transliterated and translated in Anderson (2015)

     Rénzǐ bǔ: yòu yú Yuè. [Pinyin]

     Crack-making on rénzǐ (day 49): Make an offering to Yuè.

   • 既修太原，至于岳陽。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     既修太原，至于岳阳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Documents, circa 7^th – 4^th centuries BCE

     Jì xiū tàiyuán, zhì yú Yuèyáng. [Pinyin]

     Having repaired the works on Tai-Yuan, he proceeded on to the south of (Mount) Yue.

3. parent-in-law
4. a surname

   岳飛／岳飞  ―  Yuè Fēi  ―  Yue Fei

Compounds

• 五岳 (wǔyuè)
• 五岳四瀆／五岳四渎
• 令岳
• 四山五岳
• 四岳
• 山岳 (shānyuè)
• 岳丈 (yuèzhàng)
• 岳伯
• 岳墳／岳坟
• 岳家 (yuèjiā)
• 岳家軍／岳家军
• 岳岳
• 岳崗／岳岗 (Yuègǎng)
• 岳州 (Yuèzhōu)
• 岳底 (Yuèdǐ)
• 岳廟／岳庙
• 岳撼山崩 (yuèhàn-shānbēng)
• 岳普湖 (Yuèpǔhú)
• 岳母 (yuèmǔ)
• 岳溪 (Yuèxī)
• 岳父 (yuèfù)
• 岳牧
• 岳陽／岳阳 (Yuèyáng)
• 岳陽樓／岳阳楼 (Yuèyánglóu)
• 岳飛／岳飞 (Yuèfēi)
• 投潘岳果
• 搖山振岳／摇山振岳
• 方岳
• 景岳全書／景岳全书
• 海岳名言
• 淵渟岳峙／渊渟岳峙
• 潘岳白髮／潘岳白发
• 潘岳貌美
• 潘岳鬢白／潘岳鬓白
• 福如山岳
• 華岳／华岳
• 負山戴岳／负山戴岳
• 關岳／关岳

 

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 嶽 (“tall mountain; highest peak; etc.”). (This character, 岳, is the simplified and variant form of 嶽.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 岳 – see 𩓥 (“to raise one's head”). (This character, 岳, is a variant form of 𩓥.)

Japanese

Shinjitai	岳
Kyūjitai	嶽

Kanji

岳

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 嶽)

1. mountain peak
2. tall mountain

Readings

• Go-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: がく (gaku, Jōyō)
• Kun: たけ (take, 岳, Jōyō)
• Nanori: たける (takeru)

Alternative forms

• 嶽

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
岳
たけ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Alternative spelling
嶽 (kyūjitai)

Directly cognate with 丈 (take, “height”). Indirectly cognate with 高 (taka, “height”), 高い (takai, “high”), and 長ける (takeru, “to be high”).

Noun

岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (take or dake) 

1. a tall mountain
2. a mountain peak
   • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho (page 612)

     Taqe. (タケ) (嶽・岳) 山脈や山の高い所, あるいは, 頂. これの本来の語はDaqe (だけ)である.

Suffix

岳(たけ) or 岳(だけ) • (-take or -dake) 

1. mount, mountain

   乗(のり)鞍(くら)岳(だけ) ― Norikura-dake ― Mount Norikura

Etymology 2

Proper noun

岳(たけし) • (Takeshi) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 3

Proper noun

岳(たける) • (Takeru) 

1. a male given name

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
岳
がく Grade: S
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
嶽 (kyūjitai)

Proper noun

岳(がく) • (Gaku) 

1. a male given name

References

• Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

岳 • (ak) (hangeul 악, revised ak, McCune–Reischauer ak)

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Vietnamese

Han character

岳: Hán Nôm readings: nhạc

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