修

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See also: 脩
修 U+4FEE, 修
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4FEE
← 俭
[U+4FED] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 俯 →
[U+4FEF]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
9 strokes

Han character[edit]

修 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+7 in Chinese, 人+8 in Japanese, 9 strokes in Chinese, 10 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人中人竹 (OLOH), four-corner 28222, composition ⿲亻丨⿱夂彡(G) or ⿲亻丨㣊(HTJKV))

Usage notes[edit]

  • Note that in Korean, Japanese and Traditional Chinese scripts, this character is written with ten strokes (as seen in the Kangxi Dictionary) rather than nine as in Simplified. The difference is in the component 攵 vs. 夂.

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 106, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 721
  • Dae Jaweon: page 225, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 159, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+4FEE

Chinese[edit]

trad. 修
simp. # 修
2nd round simp. 㣊
alternative forms 俢
脩

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 修
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Small seal script

s06485

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33637

L33638

L33639

L33640

L33641

L11965

L11966

L11967

L11968

L11969

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (攸) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
絛 *l̥ʰɯːw
窱 *ʔl'ɯːwʔ, *l̥ʰɯːws
蓧 *l̥ʰɯːw, *l'ɯːwɢ
條 *l'ɯːw
鋚 *l'ɯːw
鞗 *l'ɯːw
樤 *l'ɯːw
鰷 *l'ɯːw
莜 *l'ɯːws
翛 *slɯːw, *hljɯwɢ
筱 *slɯːwʔ
篠 *slɯːwʔ
修 *slɯw
脩 *slɯw
樇 *slɯw
滫 *slɯwʔ
悠 *lɯw
攸 *lɯw
浟 *lɯw
蓨 *l̥ʰɯːwɢ
滌 *l'ɯːwɢ
儵 *hljɯwɢ
倐 *hljɯwɢ
倏 *hljɯwɢ
虪 *hljɯwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *slɯw): phonetic 攸 (OC *lɯw) + semantic 彡.

Pronunciation[edit]

Rime
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 心 (16)
Final (韻) 尤 (136)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 息流切
Baxter sjuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/sɨu/
Pan
Wuyun 		/siu/
Shao
Rongfen 		/siəu/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/suw/
Li
Rong 		/siu/
Wang
Li 		/sĭəu/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/si̯ə̯u/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sau1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ sjuw ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-liw/
English adorn

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 修
Reading # 1/1
No. 15475
Phonetic
component 		攸
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		脩
Old
Chinese 		/*slɯw/

Definitions[edit]

修

  1. to decorate; to embellish
  2. to repair; to mend
  3. to build; to construct
    修鐵路／修铁路  ―  xiū tiělù  ―  to build a railway
  4. to revise; to write; to compile
  5. (education) to study; to cultivate; to take a course
  6. (obsolete) tall; slim; long
  7. Short for 修正主義／修正主义 (xiūzhèng zhǔyì). revisionism
  8. a surname

Synonyms[edit]

  • (to build):
Dialectal synonyms of 蓋 (“to build; to construct (a building)”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 蓋, 建, 建造, 建築, 興建, 修建
Mandarin Beijing 蓋
Taiwan 蓋
Harbin 蓋
Yantai (Muping) 蓋
Jinan 蓋
Wanrong 蓋
Xi'an 蓋
Yinchuan 蓋
Lanzhou 蓋
Xining 蓋
Ürümqi 蓋, 起
Chengdu 修, 起
Guiyang 起, 修
Liuzhou 起
Xuzhou 起
Yangzhou 蓋
Nanjing 蓋, 造
Singapore 建
Cantonese Guangzhou 起
Hong Kong 起
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 起
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 起
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 起
Taishan 起
Dongguan 起
Rongxian 起
Hepu (Lianzhou) 起
Hepu (Shatian) 做
Guiping 起
Guiping (Mule) 起, 整
Pingnan 起
Guigang (Gangcheng) 起
Guigang (Pingdong) 起
Beihai 起
Beihai (Nankang) 起
Beihai (Yingpan) 起
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 起, 做
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 起
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 做
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 起, 搭
Singapore (Guangfu) 起
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 起
Móng Cái 起
Bangkok (Guangfu) 起
Betong (Rongxian) 起
Gan Nanchang 起
Lichuan 做
Pingxiang 起
Hakka Meixian 起, 做
Yudu 做
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 起
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 起
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 起
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 起
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 起
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 起
Hong Kong 起
Senai (Huiyang) 起
Huizhou Jixi 起
Jin Taiyuan 蓋
Xinzhou 蓋
Min Bei Jian'ou 開
Min Dong Fuzhou 起
Matsu 起
Min Nan Xiamen 起
Quanzhou 起
Zhangzhou 起
Tainan 起
Singapore (Hokkien) 起
Chaozhou 起
Shantou 起
Jieyang 起
Bangkok (Teochew) 起
Chiang Mai (Teochew) 起
Hat Yai (Teochew) 起
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 起
Singapore (Teochew) 起
Leizhou 作
Haikou 作
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 起
Wu Shanghai 造
Shanghai (Chongming) 造, 起
Suzhou 造
Danyang 砌
Hangzhou 造
Ningbo 起
Jinhua 起
Xiang Changsha 起
Loudi 起
  • (to repair):

Compounds[edit]

References[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

修

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. discipline
  2. conduct oneself well
  3. study
  4. master

Readings[edit]

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

Proper noun[edit]

修(おさむ) • (Osamu) 

  1. a male given name

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

修 (eumhun 닦을 수 (dakkeul su))

  1. Hanja form? of 수 (“discipline”).

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

修: Hán Việt readings: tu
修: Nôm readings: tu

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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