修行

Chinese

		to decorate; to embellish; to repair to decorate; to embellish; to repair; to build; to study; to write; to cultivate	to go; to do; capable to go; to do; capable; all right; competent; OK; to travel; temporary; to walk; will do; behaviour; conduct; a row; profession; professional
trad. (修行)		修	行
simp. #(修行)		修	行

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): xiūxíng

  (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄧㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sau¹ hang⁴
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): siû-hàng
• Min Nan (Hokkien, POJ): siu-hēng

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: xiūxíng
    • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄡ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: siousíng
    • Wade–Giles: hsiu¹-hsing²
    • Yale: syōu-syíng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shioushyng
    • Palladius: сюсин (sjusin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯oʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sau¹ hang⁴
    • Yale: sāu hàhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sau¹ hang⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: seo¹ heng⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐu̯⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siû-hàng
    • Hakka Romanization System: xiu´ hangˇ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xiu¹ hang²
    • Sinological IPA: /ɕi̯u²⁴ haŋ¹¹/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siu-hēng
    • Tâi-lô: siu-hīng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: siu'heng
    • IPA (Xiamen): /ɕiu⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /ɕiu³³ hiɪŋ⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɕiu⁴⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²²/
    • IPA (Taipei): /ɕiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ³³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɕiu⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɪŋ³³/

Verb

修行

1. to cultivate one's spiritual virtues; to train oneself; to work at self-improvement
2. (religion) to practise Buddhism or Taoism; specifically, a sadhana of either one

Derived terms

• 公門中好修行／公门中好修行
• 公門之中好修行／公门之中好修行
• 公門修行／公门修行
• 公門裡好修行／公门里好修行
• 出家修行
• 半路修行
• 師父領進門，修行在個人／师父领进门，修行在个人
• 帶髮修行／带发修行
• 恨苦修行
• 束身修行

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (修行):

• → Japanese: 修(しゅ)行(ぎょう) (shugyō); 修(す)行(ぎょう) (sugyō)
• → Korean: 수행(修行) (suhaeng)
• → Vietnamese: tu hành (修行)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “修行” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
修	行
しゅ Grade: 5	ぎょう Grade: 2
on’yomi

Noun

修(しゅ)行(ぎょう) or 修行(すぎょう) • (shugyō or sugyō) 

1. training

   厳(きび)しい修行(しゅぎょう)に励(はげ)んだ。

   Kibishii shugyō ni hagenda.

   We were training hard.

2. (Buddhism) sadhana; ascetic practices

Verb

修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)する or 修行(すぎょう)する • (shugyō suru or sugyō suru) suru (stem 修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)し (shugyō shi), past 修(しゅ)行(ぎょう)した (shugyō shita))

1. to train
2. (Buddhism) to undergo ascetic training

Conjugation

Conjugation of "修行する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	修行し	しゅぎょうし	shugyō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	修行し	しゅぎょうし	shugyō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	修行する	しゅぎょうする	shugyō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	修行する	しゅぎょうする	shugyō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	修行すれ	しゅぎょうすれ	shugyō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	修行せよ¹ 修行しろ²	しゅぎょうせよ¹ しゅぎょうしろ²	shugyō seyo¹ shugyō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	修行される	しゅぎょうされる	shugyō sareru
Causative	修行させる 修行さす	しゅぎょうさせる しゅぎょうさす	shugyō saseru shugyō sasu
Potential	修行できる	しゅぎょうできる	shugyō dekiru
Volitional	修行しよう	しゅぎょうしよう	shugyō shiyō
Negative	修行しない	しゅぎょうしない	shugyō shinai
Negative continuative	修行せず	しゅぎょうせず	shugyō sezu
Formal	修行します	しゅぎょうします	shugyō shimasu
Perfective	修行した	しゅぎょうした	shugyō shita
Conjunctive	修行して	しゅぎょうして	shugyō shite
Hypothetical conditional	修行すれば	しゅぎょうすれば	shugyō sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

References

• 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.