京

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See also: 亰
京 U+4EAC, 京
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4EAC
← 享
[U+4EAB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 亭 →
[U+4EAD]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
8 strokes

Han character[edit]

京 (radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 88, character 19
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
  • Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+4EAC

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 京
alternative forms 亰
𡬱
𢂋
𦣿
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 京 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 京 (Cantonese)
  • 京 (Classical)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 京
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
京-oracle.svg 京-bronze.svg 京-seal.svg 京-bigseal.svg
Oracle bone script
ACC-j13492.svg

j13492

ACC-j13493.svg

j13493

ACC-j13494.svg

j13494

ACC-j13495.svg

j13495

ACC-j13496.svg

j13496

ACC-j13497.svg

j13497

ACC-j13498.svg

j13498

ACC-j13499.svg

j13499

ACC-j13500.svg

j13500

ACC-j13501.svg

j13501

ACC-j13502.svg

j13502

ACC-j13503.svg

j13503

ACC-j13504.svg

j13504

ACC-j13505.svg

j13505

ACC-j13506.svg

j13506

ACC-j13507.svg

j13507

ACC-j13508.svg

j13508

Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b08306.svg

b08306

ACC-b08307.svg

b08307

ACC-b08308.svg

b08308

ACC-b08309.svg

b08309

ACC-b08310.svg

b08310

ACC-b08311.svg

b08311

ACC-b08312.svg

b08312

ACC-b08313.svg

b08313

ACC-b08314.svg

b08314

ACC-b08315.svg

b08315

ACC-b08316.svg

b08316

ACC-b08317.svg

b08317

ACC-b08318.svg

b08318

ACC-b08319.svg

b08319

ACC-b08320.svg

b08320

ACC-b08321.svg

b08321

ACC-b08322.svg

b08322

ACC-b08323.svg

b08323

ACC-b08324.svg

b08324

Small seal script
ACC-s03835.svg

s03835

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L33123.svg

L33123

ACC-L33124.svg

L33124

ACC-L33125.svg

L33125

ACC-L33126.svg

L33126

ACC-L33127.svg

L33127

ACC-L33128.svg

L33128

ACC-L33129.svg

L33129

ACC-L33130.svg

L33130

ACC-L33131.svg

L33131

ACC-L10565.svg

L10565

ACC-L10566.svg

L10566

ACC-L10567.svg

L10567

ACC-L10568.svg

L10568

ACC-L10569.svg

L10569

ACC-L10570.svg

L10570

ACC-L10571.svg

L10571

ACC-L10572.svg

L10572

ACC-L10573.svg

L10573

ACC-L10574.svg

L10574

ACC-L10575.svg

L10575

ACC-L10576.svg

L10576

ACC-L10577.svg

L10577

ACC-L10578.svg

L10578

ACC-L10579.svg

L10579

ACC-L10580.svg

L10580

ACC-L10581.svg

L10581

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
涼 *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs
凉 *ɡ·raŋ
椋 *ɡ·raŋ
綡 *ɡ·raŋ
輬 *ɡ·raŋ
諒 *ɡ·raŋs
掠 *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ
弶 *ɡaŋs
京 *kraŋ
麖 *kraŋ
鶁 *kraŋ
景 *kraŋʔ
鯨 *ɡraŋ
黥 *ɡraŋ
勍 *ɡraŋ
剠 *ɡraŋ
倞 *ɡraŋs
影 *qraŋʔ
璟 *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ
憬 *kʷraŋʔ
暻 *kʷraŋʔ
澋 *ɡʷraːŋʔ

According to Shuowen, from 高, where the lower 口 is reduced to 丨.

Etymology[edit]

Either from:

Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • kiaⁿ - vernacular;
  • keng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 京
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕin³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/
    /t͡ɕi¹³/ ～陵城
    Hohhot /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕin³³/
    Wenzhou /t͡ɕaŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /t͡ɕin³³/
    Xiangtan /t͡ɕin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /t͡ɕin⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kin⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kin²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /keŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /keŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kiŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /kiŋ⁵⁵/
    /kiã⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /kiŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /keiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /kiã³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /keŋ²³/
    Rime
    Character 京
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 舉卿切
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kˠiæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kᵚiaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kiaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kiajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/kiɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/kĭɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/ki̯ɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		jīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		ging1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 京
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		jīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kjæng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[k]raŋ/
    English hill; capital city

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 京
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6828
    Phonetic
    component         		京
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		驚
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kraŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    京

    1. capital (city)
    2. Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949
    3. Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). during 1927 - 1948
    4. Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
    5. † tall mound
    6. † large barn
    7. † large; great
    8. (obsolete) ten million, 107
    9. (obsolete) ten quadrillion, 1016
    10. (obsolete) septillion, 1024
    11. (obsolete) A hundred nonillion, 1032

    See also[edit]

    Chinese numerals
    104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
    萬／万 (wàn) 億／亿 (yì) 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) 垓 (gāi) 秭 (zǐ) 穰 (ráng) 溝／沟 (gōu) 澗／涧 (jiàn) 正 (zhèng) 載／载 (zài) 極／极 (jí)
    萬億／万亿 (wànyì)
    (Mainland China)         		億億/亿亿
    (Mainland China)

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 京

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (京):
    • → Japanese: 京(きょう) (kyō); 京(けい) (kei)
    • → Korean: 경 (京, gyeong)
    • → Vietnamese: kinh (京)

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    京

    (grade 2 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. capital city
    2. ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 1016
    3. Tokyo
    4. Kyoto

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    /kyau/ > /kyoː/.

    Noun[edit]

    京(きょう) • (kyō) ←きやう (kyau)?

    1. capital (city)
    2. Short for 東京 (Tōkyō).
    3. Short for 京都 (Kyōto).

    Etymology 2[edit]

    宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) +‎ 処 (ko, “place”).

    Noun[edit]

    京(みやこ) • (miyako) 

    1. the place where the emperor resides
    2. a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
    3. metropolis

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Number[edit]

    京 (けい, kei)

    1. 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion

    See also[edit]

    Japanese numerical compounds with 京(けい) (kei)
    1016 2 × 1016 3 × 1016 4 × 1016 5 × 1016 6 × 1016 7 × 1016 8 × 1016 9 × 1016 1017 1018
    一(いっ)京(けい) (ikkei) 二(に)京(けい) (nikei) 三(さん)京(けい) (sankei) 四(よん)京(けい) (yonkei) 五(ご)京(けい) (gokei) 六(ろっ)京(けい) (rokkei) 七(なな)京(けい) (nanakei) 八(はっ)京(けい) (hakkei) 九(きゅう)京(けい) (kyūkei) 十(じゅっ)京(けい) (jukkei) 百(ひゃっ)京(けい) (hyakkei)

    Korean[edit]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kˠiæŋ). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)

    Hanja[edit]

    京 (eumhun 서울 경 (seoul gyeong))
    京 (eumhun 경 경 (gyeong gyeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 경 (“capital”).
    2. Hanja form? of 경 (“10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion”).

    Compounds[edit]

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
    • Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin-guk daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, inmyeong-yonghanjapyo), page 3. [3]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    京: Hán Nôm readings: kinh

    1. capital city
    2. Kinh ( Viet ) ethnic group
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