京
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See also: 亰
Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
京 (radical 8 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 88, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
- Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 284, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4EAC
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
京 | |
|---|---|---|
| alt. forms | 亰 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 京
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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| Characters in the same phonetic series (京) (Zhengzhang, 2003) | |
|---|---|
| Old Chinese | |
| 涼 | *ɡ·raŋ, *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raŋs |
| 凉 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 椋 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 綡 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 輬 | *ɡ·raŋ |
| 諒 | *ɡ·raŋs |
| 掠 | *ɡ·raŋs, *ɡ·raɡ |
| 弶 | *ɡaŋs |
| 京 | *kraŋ |
| 麖 | *kraŋ |
| 鶁 | *kraŋ |
| 景 | *kraŋʔ |
| 鯨 | *ɡraŋ |
| 黥 | *ɡraŋ |
| 勍 | *ɡraŋ |
| 剠 | *ɡraŋ |
| 倞 | *ɡraŋs |
| 影 | *qraŋʔ |
| 璟 | *qraŋʔ, *kʷraŋʔ |
| 憬 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 暻 | *kʷraŋʔ |
| 澋 | *ɡʷraːŋʔ |
Pronunciation[edit]
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ging1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn
- Min Dong (BUC): gĭng
- Min Nan
- Wu (Wiktionary): jin (T1)
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
- Wade-Giles: ching1
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Beijing)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Jyutping: ging1
- Yale: gīng
- Cantonese Pinyin: ging1
- Guangdong Romanization: ging1
- IPA (key): /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn
- Hakka Romanization System: gin´
- Hagfa Pinyim: gin1
- IPA: /kin²⁴/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭng
- IPA (key): /kiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Min Nan
Note:
- kiaⁿ - vernacular;
- keng - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gian1
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiaⁿ
- IPA (key): /kĩã³³/
- Wu
- (Shanghainese)
- Wiktionary: jin (T1)
- IPA (key): /t͡ɕɪɲ⁵³/
- (Shanghainese)
-
Dialectal data▼
| Variety | Location | 京 |
|---|---|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/ |
| Harbin | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Tianjin | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
| Jinan | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Qingdao | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹³/ | |
| Zhengzhou | /t͡ɕiŋ²⁴/ | |
| Xi'an | /t͡ɕiŋ²¹/ | |
| Xining | /t͡ɕiə̃⁴⁴/ | |
| Yinchuan | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Lanzhou | /t͡ɕĩn³¹/ | |
| Ürümqi | /t͡ɕiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Wuhan | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Chengdu | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Guiyang | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Kunming | /t͡ɕĩ/ | |
| Nanjing | /t͡ɕin³¹/ | |
| Hefei | /t͡ɕin²¹/ | |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiəŋ¹¹/ |
| Pingyao | /t͡ɕiŋ¹³/ /t͡ɕi¹³/ ～陵城 |
|
| Hohhot | /t͡ɕĩŋ³¹/ | |
| Wu | Shanghai | /t͡ɕiŋ⁵³/ |
| Suzhou | /t͡ɕin⁵⁵/ | |
| Hangzhou | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
| Wenzhou | /t͡ɕaŋ³³/ | |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡ɕiʌ̃³¹/ |
| Tunxi | /t͡ɕiɛ¹¹/ | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡ɕin³³/ |
| Xiangtan | /t͡ɕin³³/ | |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕin⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kin⁴⁴/ |
| Taoyuan | /kin²⁴/ | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /keŋ⁵³/ |
| Nanning | /keŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Hong Kong | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ | |
| Min | Xiamen (Min Nan) | /kiŋ⁵⁵/ /kiã⁵⁵/ |
| Fuzhou (Min Dong) | /kiŋ⁴⁴/ | |
| Jian'ou (Min Bei) | /keiŋ⁵⁴/ | |
| Shantou (Min Nan) | /kiã³³/ | |
| Haikou (Min Nan) | /keŋ²³/ |
| Rime | |
|---|---|
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉卿切 |
| Reconstructions | |
| Zhengzhang Shangfang |
/kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun |
/kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen |
/kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank |
/kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong |
/kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li |
/kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren |
/ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex |
jīng |
| Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) |
jīng |
| Middle Chinese |
‹ kjæng › |
| Old Chinese |
/*[k]raŋ/ |
| English | hill; capital city |
|
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; |
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003) | |
|---|---|
| Character | 京 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6828 |
| Phonetic component |
京 |
| Rime group |
陽 |
| Rime subdivision |
0 |
| Corresponding MC rime |
驚 |
| Old Chinese |
/*kraŋ/ |
Definitions[edit]
京
- † artificial mound
- capital (city)
- Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”).
- (obsolete) ten million, 107
- (obsolete) ten quadrillion, 1016
- (obsolete) septillion, 1024
- (obsolete) A hundred nonillion, 1032
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 京
See also[edit]
| Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | |
| Traditional Chinese | ← Smaller |
萬 | 億 | 兆 | 京 | 垓 | 秭 | 穰 | 溝 | 澗 | 正 | 載 |
| Simplified Chinese | 万 | 亿 | 万亿 | 沟 | 涧 | 载 | ||||||
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
京
- capital city
- ten quadrillion
Readings[edit]
- Goon: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan’on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Tōon: きん (kin)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako, 京)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); たか (taka)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
/kyau/ > /kyoː/.
Noun[edit]
京 (hiragana きょう, rōmaji kyō, historical hiragana きやう)
Etymology 2[edit]
宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処 (ko, “place”).
Noun[edit]
京 (hiragana みやこ, rōmaji miyako)
- the place where the emperor resides
- a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
- metropolis
Etymology 3[edit]
Number[edit]
京 (けい, kei)
- 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
京 • (gyeong) (hangeul 경, McCune-Reischauer kyŏng, Yale kyeng)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
京 (kinh)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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- Japanese kanji with nanori reading たか
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