京
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See also: 亰
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
京 (radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 88, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
- Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4EAC
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
京 | |
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alternative forms | 亰 𡬱 𢂋 𦣿 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 京 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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According to Shuowen, from 高, where the lower 口 is reduced to 丨.
Etymology[edit]
Either from:
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ, “hill, crest”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”), Tibetan སྒང༌ (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
- of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ (“hill, peak”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “peak”) and Old Khmer grāṅ (“hill on flat land”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
京
- capital (city)
- 三后在天,王配于京。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sān hòu zài tiān, wáng pèi yú jīng. [Pinyin]
- The three sovereigns were in heaven; and king [Wu] was their worthy successor in his capital.
- Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949
- Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). during 1927 - 1948
- Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
- † tall mound
- 曾孫之庾,如坻如京。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Céngsūn zhī yǔ, rú dǐ rú jīng. [Pinyin]
- The stacks of the distant descendant, will stand like islands and mounds.
曾孙之庾,如坻如京。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † large barn
- † large; great
- 有媯之後,將育于姜,五世其昌,並于正卿,八世之後,莫之與京。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4th century BCE
- Yǒuguī zhīhòu, jiāng yù yú Jiāng, wǔshìqíchāng, bìng yú zhèngqīng, bā shì zhīhòu, mò zhī yǔ jīng. [Pinyin]
- The posterity of this scion of the Gui [surname of the House of Chen] will be nourished among the Jiang [surname of the House of Qi]. In five generations they will be prosperous, and the highest ministers in Qi; in eight, there will be none to compare with them for greatness.
有妫之后,将育于姜,五世其昌,并于正卿,八世之后,莫之与京。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- (obsolete) ten million, 107
- (obsolete) ten quadrillion, 1016
- (obsolete) septillion, 1024
- (obsolete) A hundred nonillion, 1032
See also[edit]
Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
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104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
萬/万 (wàn) | 億/亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝/沟 (gōu) | 澗/涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載/载 (zài) | 極/极 (jí) | |
萬億/万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 京
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Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “京”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00065
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
京
- capital city
- ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 1016
- Tokyo
- Kyoto
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: きん (kin)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako, 京)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); たか (taka)
Compounds[edit]
- 上京 (じょうきょう, Jōkyō)
- 中京 (ちゅうきょう, Chūkyō)
- 京人
- 京人形
- 京劇
- 京地
- 京大
- 京女
- 京師
- 京形
- 京成
- 京方
- 京洛
- 京浜 (けいひん, Keihin)
- 京滋地方
- 京物
- 京菜
- 京華
- 京葉
- 京表
- 京都 (きょうと, kyōto; きやうと)
- 京阪 (けいはん, keihan)
- 京響
- 京風
- 入京 (にゅうきょう, nyūkyō)
- 出京
- 北京 (ぺきん, pekin, ペキン)
- 南京
- 在京
- 帝京
- 帰京
- 平城京 (へいじょうきょう, Heijōkyō)
- 平安京
- 東京 (とうきょう, tōkyō; とうきゃう; とうけい, tōkei; トンキン, tonkin)
- 滞京
- 英京
- 退京
- 離京
Etymology 1[edit]
/kyau/ > /kyoː/.
Noun[edit]
京 • (kyō) (historical kana きやう)
Etymology 2[edit]
宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処 (ko, “place”).
Noun[edit]
- the place where the emperor resides
- a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
- metropolis
Etymology 3[edit]
Number[edit]
京 (けい, kei)
- 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion
See also[edit]
Japanese numerical compounds with 京 (kei) | ||||||||||
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1016 | 2 × 1016 | 3 × 1016 | 4 × 1016 | 5 × 1016 | 6 × 1016 | 7 × 1016 | 8 × 1016 | 9 × 1016 | 1017 | 1018 |
一京 (ikkei) | 二京 (nikei) | 三京 (sankei) | 四京 (yonkei) | 五京 (gokei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 七京 (nanakei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 九京 (kyūkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Korean[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kˠiæŋ).
Hanja[edit]
京 (eumhun 서울 경 (seoul gyeong))
京 (eumhun 경 경 (gyeong gyeong))
- Hanja form? of 경 (“capital”).
- Hanja form? of 경 (“10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion”).
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [2]
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin-guk daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, inmyeong-yonghanjapyo), page 3. [3]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- capital city
- Kinh ( Viet ) ethnic group
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