京
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See also: 亰
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Translingual[edit]
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Han character[edit]
京 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜口火 (YRF), four-corner 00906, composition ⿳亠口小)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 88, character 19
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 299
- Dae Jaweon: page 187, character 11
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 284, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4EAC
Chinese[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
京 | |
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| alternative forms | 亰 𡬱 𢂋 𦣿 | |
Glyph origin[edit]
| Historical forms of the character 京 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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According to Shuowen, from 高 (gāo), where the lower 口 (kǒu) is reduced to 丨 (gǔn).
Etymology 1[edit]
Either from:
- Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-gaŋ (“hill, ridge, mountain”) (STEDT), cognate with 岡 (OC *klaːŋ, “hill, crest”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”), Tibetan སྒང་ (sgang, “ridge; mound”), Burmese ခင် (hkang, “ridge”), Burmese အခေါင် (a.hkaung, “summit”), Lahu qhɔ³³ (“mountain”), Sulung gɹaŋ³³ (“mountain”), Proto-Tamangic *ᴬgaŋ ("hill, mountain"); or
- of Austroasiatic origin, compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *graŋ (“hill, peak”) (Schuessler, 2007), whence Mon ဂြၚ် (krɛ̀aŋ, “peak”) and Old Khmer grāṅ (“hill on flat land”).
Within Chinese, cognate with 景 (OC *kraŋʔ, “large”), 鯨 (OC *ɡraŋ, “whale”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
京
- ⁜ capital (city)
- 京城 ― jīngchéng ― capital city
- 京畿 ― jīngjī ― capital city and its surrounding area
- 泰京 ― Tàijīng ― (Thailand) Bangkok (the capital city of Thailand)
- 墨京 ― Mòjīng ― (dated) Mexico City (the capital city of Mexico)
- 三后在天，王配于京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Sān hòu zài tiān, wáng pèi yú jīng. [Pinyin]
- The three sovereigns were in heaven; and king [Wu] was their worthy successor in his capital.
- Short for 北京 (Běijīng, “Beijing”). after 1949
- Short for 南京 (Nánjīng, “Nanjing”). during 1927 - 1948
- Short for 京都 (jīngdū, “Kyoto”). when referring Japan-related topics
- † tall mound
- 曾孫之庾，如坻如京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Céngsūn zhī yǔ, rú dǐ rú jīng. [Pinyin]
- The stacks of the distant descendant, will stand like islands and mounds.
曾孙之庾，如坻如京。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † large barn
- † large; great
- 有媯之後，將育于姜，五世其昌，並于正卿，八世之後，莫之與京。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
- Yǒuguī zhīhòu, jiāng yù yú Jiāng, wǔshìqíchāng, bìng yú zhèngqīng, bā shì zhīhòu, mò zhī yǔ jīng. [Pinyin]
- The posterity of this scion of the Gui [surname of the House of Chen] will be nourished among the Jiang [surname of the House of Qi]. In five generations they will be prosperous, and the highest ministers in Qi; in eight, there will be none to compare with them for greatness.
有妫之后，将育于姜，五世其昌，并于正卿，八世之后，莫之与京。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
- † ten million, 107
- † ten quadrillion, 1016
- † septillion, 1024
- † A hundred nonillion, 1032
See also[edit]
| Chinese numerals | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 104 | 108 | 1012 | 1016 | 1020 | 1024 | 1028 | 1032 | 1036 | 1040 | 1044 | 1048 | |
| 萬／万 (wàn) | 億／亿 (yì) | 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) | 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) | 垓 (gāi) | 秭 (zǐ) | 穰 (ráng) | 溝／沟 (gōu) | 澗／涧 (jiàn) | 正 (zhèng) | 載／载 (zài) | 極／极 (jí) | |
| 萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China) |
億億/亿亿 (Mainland China) | |||||||||||
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 京
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Descendants[edit]
References[edit]
- “京”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00065
Etymology 2[edit]
From Vietnamese Kinh, via Cantonese.
Adjective[edit]
京
- ethnic Vietnamese from China
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
京
- capital city
- ten quadrillion (short scale); ten thousand billion (long scale); 1016
- Tokyo
- Kyoto
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: きょう (kyō, Jōyō)←きやう (kyau, historical)
- Kan-on: けい (kei, Jōyō)
- Tō-on: きん (kin)
- Kun: みやこ (miyako, 京)
- Nanori: あつ (atsu); たか (taka)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 京 |
| きょう Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kˠiæŋ).
Noun[edit]
- capital city
- Short for 京都 (Kyōto, “Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)”).
- 京言葉 (kyōkotoba)
- 京の着倒れ、大阪の食い倒れ
- Kyō no kidaore, Ōsaka no kuidaore
- (please add an English translation of this example)
Affix[edit]
- capital city
- Synonym: (literary) 洛 (raku)
- (specifically) Kyōto (a city in Kyōto, Japan)
- Synonym: (literary) 洛 (raku)
- (especially) Tōkyō (a province of Japan)
- 上京 (jōkyō)
Etymology 2[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 京 |
| みやこ Grade: 2 |
| kun’yomi |
宮 (miya, “imperial palace”) + 処 (ko, “place”).
Noun[edit]
- the place where the emperor resides
- a city that acts as an economic and political center; capital
- metropolis
Etymology 3[edit]
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 京 |
| けい Grade: 2 |
| on’yomi |
Number[edit]
- 10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion
See also[edit]
| Japanese numerical compounds with 京 (kei) | ||||||||||
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| 1016 | 2 × 1016 | 3 × 1016 | 4 × 1016 | 5 × 1016 | 6 × 1016 | 7 × 1016 | 8 × 1016 | 9 × 1016 | 1017 | 1018 |
| 一京 (ikkei) | 二京 (nikei) | 三京 (sankei) | 四京 (yonkei) | 五京 (gokei) | 六京 (rokkei) | 七京 (nanakei) | 八京 (hakkei) | 九京 (kyūkei) | 十京 (jukkei) | 百京 (hyakkei) |
Korean[edit]
Alternative forms[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Middle Chinese 京 (MC kˠiæŋ). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “what is its historical reading?”)
Hanja[edit]
京 (eumhun 서울 경 (seoul gyeong))
京 (eumhun 경 경 (gyeong gyeong))
- Hanja form? of 경 (“capital”).
- Hanja form? of 경 (“10,000,000,000,000,000, 1016, (US) ten quadrillion, (UK) ten thousand billion”).
Compounds[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
- Supreme Court of the Republic of Korea (대한민국 대법원, Daehanmin'guk Daebeobwon) (2018). Table of hanja for personal names (인명용 한자표 / 人名用漢字表, Inmyeong-yong hanja-pyo), page 3. [3]
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
京: Hán Việt readings: kinh[1][2][3][4][5][6], nguyên
京: Nôm readings: kinh[1][2][3], kiêng[1][2][3][7], kềnh[1], kình[1]
Noun[edit]
Adjective[edit]
Verb[edit]
References[edit]
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- ja:Provinces of Japan
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