東京

See also: 东京

Chinese

		east	capital; Beijing (abbrev.)
trad. (東京)		東	京
simp. (东京)		东	京

Wikipedia has articles on:

東京 (消歧義) / 东京 (消歧义) (Chinese)
東京 / 东京 (Chinese)
東京 / 东京 (Chinese)
東京 (搞清楚) / 东京 (搞清楚) (Cantonese)
東京 / 东京 (Cantonese)
東京都 (Classical Chinese)
東京 / 东京 (Gan)
Tûng-kîn (Hakka)
Dŭng-gĭng (Eastern Min)
Tang-kiaⁿ (Min Nan)
東京 / 东京 (Wu)

Etymology

From 東 / 东 (dōng, “east”) + 京 (jīng, “capital”), literally “eastern capital”.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Dōngjīng

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥㄐㄧㄥ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): dung¹ ging¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): uung¹ gen¹
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): Tûng-kîn

(Meixian, Guangdong): dung¹ gin¹
Eastern Min (BUC): Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): Tang-kiaⁿ

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang¹ gian¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹ton-cin

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Dōngjīng
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥㄐㄧㄥ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Dongjing
  - Wade–Giles: Tung¹-ching¹
  - Yale: Dūng-jīng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Dongjing
  - Palladius: Дунцзин (Dunczin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    東京 / 东京
    東經 / 东经
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: dung¹ ging¹
  - Yale: dūng gīng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung¹ ging¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung¹ ging¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵⁵ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    東京 / 东京
    東經 / 东经
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: uung¹ gen¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɵŋ³³ ken³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Tûng-kîn
  - Hakka Romanization System: dung^ˊ gin^ˊ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: dung¹ gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ kin²⁴/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: dung¹ gin¹
  - Sinological IPA: /tʊŋ⁴⁴ kin⁴⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: Dĕ̤ng-gĭng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tøyŋ⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tang-kiaⁿ
  - Tâi-lô: Tang-kiann
  - Phofsit Daibuun: dangkviaf
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ kiã³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang¹ gian¹
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tang kiaⁿ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ³³⁻²³ kĩã³³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹ton-cin
  - MiniDict: ton^平 cin
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹ton-jin
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /toŋ⁵⁵ t͡ɕin²¹/

Middle Chinese: tuwng kjaeng

Rime
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	端 (5)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	東 (1)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	德紅切	舉卿切
Baxter	tuwng	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/tuŋ/	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/tuŋ/	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/tuŋ/	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/təwŋ/	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/tuŋ/	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/tuŋ/	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/tuŋ/	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dōng	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dung¹	ging¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*tˤoŋ [k]raŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*toːŋ kraŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	dōng	jīng
Middle Chinese	‹ tuwng ›	‹ kjæng ›
Old Chinese	/tˁoŋ/ (< tˁoŋʔ ?)	/*[k]raŋ/
English	east	hill; capital city
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	東	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	2435	6828
Phonetic component	東	京
Rime group	東	陽
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	東	驚
Old Chinese	/*toːŋ/	/*kraŋ/
Notes	種（種籽）初文，甲金文象種皮甲坼萌生根芽，參敕字陳字注

This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA then please add some!
Particularly: “10:30 台山话节目《得闲倾偈》第1期 [1]”

Proper noun

東京

(historical) Old name for 洛陽／洛阳 (Luòyáng). (especially as the Eastern Han capital, contrasted with 西京 or 長安 / 长安; also used of Luoyang under Sui and Tang)
東京賦／东京赋 ― Dōngjīngfù ― Rhapsody on the Eastern Capital
(historical) Old name for 開封／开封 (Kāifēng). (especially from the Later Jin through the Later Han, Later Zhou and Northern Song)
《東京夢華錄》／《东京梦华录》 ― “Dōngjīngmènghuálù” ― Dongjing menghua lu; The Eastern Capital: A Dream of Splendor
(historical) Old name for 慶州／庆州 (Qìngzhōu). (as Donggyeong, one of the Three Capitals (Samgyeong) of Goryeo from 987 to 1304, corresponding to present-day Gyeongju)
(historical) Old name for 遼陽／辽阳 (Liáoyáng). (as the eastern capital of the Liao and Jin dynasties)
Old name for 河內／河内 (Hénèi). (Hanoi)
(history) Tonkin
(～都) Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan)
- 2006, “富士山下”, in 林夕 (lyrics), What's Going On...?‎^[2], performed by 陳奕迅 [Eason Chan]:
  
  東京之旅／东京之旅 [Literary Cantonese] ― dung¹ ging¹ zi¹ leoi⁵ [Jyutping] ― the trip to Tokyo

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

→ Japanese: 東京(とうけい) (Tōkei)
→ Korean: 동경(東京) (donggyeong)

Noun

東京

(historical) an eastern capital (a capital located east of another capital, especially under a multiple-capital system)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (東京):

→ Japanese: 東京(とうきょう) (tōkyō)
→ Vietnamese: Đông Kinh (東京)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
kan'on	goon

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

東京

Wikipedia ^ja

/tou kʲau/ → /toːkʲɔː/ → /toːkʲoː/

Compound of Middle Chinese-derived elements 東 (tō, “east, eastern”) +‎ 京 (kyō, “capital”).

The city of Tokyo was renamed from 江戸 (Edo) in 1868 after Emperor Meiji moved the capital from Kyoto.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞ːkʲo̞ː]
Audio: (file)
(Tokyo) とーきょー [tòókyóó] (Heiban – [0])

Proper noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (Tōkyō) ^{←とうきやう (Toukyau)^?}

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
昨日(きのう)、東(とう)京(きょう)は曇(くも)りでしたか。
Kinō, Tōkyō wa kumori deshita ka.
Was it cloudy in Tokyo yesterday?
short for 東京都 (Tōkyō-to): the capital prefecture of Japan
short for 東京駅 (Tōkyō-eki): Tokyo Station
(historical) short for 東京府 (Tōkyō-fu): the historical Tokyo Prefecture from 1868–1943
a surname

Derived terms

東(とう)京(きょう)駅(えき) (Tōkyō-eki)
東(とう)京(きょう)音(おん)頭(ど) (Tōkyō Ondo)
東(とう)京(ぎょう)錦(き) (tōgyōki)
東(とう)京(きょう)銀(ぎん)行(こう) (Tōkyō Ginkō)
東(とう)京(きょう)圏(けん) (Tōkyō-ken)
東(とう)京(きょう)語(ご) (Tōkyō-go)
東(とう)京(きょう)港(こう) (Tōkyō-kō)
東(とう)京(きょう)言(こと)葉(ば) (Tōkyō kotoba)
東(とう)京(きょう)五(ご)輪(りん) (Tōkyō Gorin)
東(とう)京(きょう)裁(さい)判(ばん) (Tōkyō Saiban)
東(とう)京(きょう)式(しき)アクセント (Tōkyō-shiki akusento)
東(とう)京(きょう)証(しょう)券(けん)取(とり)引(ひき)所(じょ) (Tōkyō Shōken Torihikijo)
東(とう)京(きょう)人(じん) (Tōkyō-jin)
東(とう)京(きょう)スカイツリー (Tōkyō Sukaitsurī)
東(トウ)京(キョウ)達磨(ダルマ)蛙(ガエル) (Tōkyō darumagaeru)
東(とう)京(きょう)タワー (Tōkyō Tawā)
東(とう)京(きょう)天(てん)文(もん)台(だい) (Tōkyō Tenmondai)
東(とう)京(きょう)都(と) (Tōkyō-to)
東(とう)京(ぎょう)の茵(しとね) (tōgyō no shitone)
東(とう)京(きょう)府(ふ) (Tōkyō-fu)
東(とう)京(きょう)弁(べん) (Tōkyō-ben)
東(トウ)京(キョウ)帆(ホ)立(タテ)貝(ガイ) (Tōkyō hotategai)
東(とう)京(きょう)者(もの) (Tōkyō-mono)
東(とう)京湾(きょうわん) (Tōkyō-wan)
西(にし)東(とう)京(きょう) (Nishitōkyō)

Descendants

→ Ainu: トキヨ
→ Chinese: 東京 / 东京 (Dōngjīng)
→ Dutch: Tokio
→ English: Tokyo
→ Finnish: Tokio
→ French: Tokyo
→ German: Tokio
→ Khmer: តូក្យូ (toukyou)
→ Korean: 동경 (Donggyeong)
→ Malay: Tokyo
→ Norwegian Bokmål: Tokyo
→ Portuguese: Tóquio
→ Russian: То́кио (Tókio)
→ Spanish: Tokio
→ Thai: โตเกียว (dtoo-giao)
→ Ukrainian: То́кіо (Tókio)
→ Vietnamese: Đông Kinh

Noun

東(とう)京(きょう) • (tōkyō) ^{←とうきやう (toukyau)^?}

(historical) an eastern capital
- 1603, Vocabvlario da Lingoa de Iapam (Nippo Jisho) [Vocabulary of the Language of Japan] (in Portuguese), Nagasaki, page 663:
  ^[1]
  Tôqiǒ. トゥキャゥ (東京) Figaxi no miyaco. (東の都) 東の地方の都 (Miaco).
  Tokio: East[ern] city; a [capital] city on the eastern region (Meaco).

Coordinate terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
東	京
とう Grade: 2	けい Grade: 2
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 東京 (MC tuwng kjaeng).

The alternate pronunciation for Tokyo appears to be prevalent in the early- to mid-Meiji period.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [to̞ːke̞ː]
(Tokyo) とーけー [tòókéé] (Heiban – [0])

Proper noun

東(とう)京(けい) • (Tōkei)

(historical) the capital of 東漢 (Tōkan, “Eastern Han”) or 後漢 (Gokan, “Later Han”), corresponds to modern Luoyang
(historical) the capital of 北宋 (Hokusō, “Northern Song”), corresponds to modern Kaifeng
(historical) the eastern capital of the Jurchen Jin dynasty, corresponds to modern Liaoyang
(historical) the capital of Yongwon province in Balhae during the Tang dynasty
(historical) dated spelling of とうきょう (Tōkyō, “Tokyo”)

Derived terms

東(とう)京(けい)人(じん) (Tōkei-jin)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
東	京
とん Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
sōon	tōon

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

トンキン

Wikipedia ^ja

English Wikipedia has an article on:

Tonkin

Wikipedia

Borrowing from Vietnamese 東京 (Đông Kinh, literally “Eastern capital”), a historical name for Hanoi. (Can this⁽⁺⁾ etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [tõ̞ŋʲkʲĩɴ]
(Tokyo) トンキン [tóꜜǹkìǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])

Proper noun

東京(トンキン) • (Tonkin)

(historical) Tonkin (northern region of Vietnam)

Derived terms

東(トン)京(キン)錦(にしき) (Tonkin nishiki)

References

^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604), Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京 • (donggyeong) (hangeul 동경)

hanja form^? of 동경 (“alternative name of Tokyo”)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
東	京
とー Grade: 2	ちょー Grade: 2
on'yomi

Etymology

Borrowed from Japanese 東京 (Tōkyō), with phonological nativization.

Pronunciation

(Shuri-Naha) とーちょー [tóꜜòchòò] (Kakō - [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [toːt͡ɕoː]

Proper noun

東(とー)京(ちょー) (Tōchō)

Tokyo (a prefecture, the capital city of Japan, consisting of 23 special wards)
東京(とーちょー)んかい行(い)ち欲(ぶ)さん。
Tōchō-nkai ichibusan.
(I) want to go to Tokyo.

References

^ “トーチョー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).^{(permanent dead link)}
^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963), 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

“とーちょー【東京】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
東	京

Proper noun

東京

chữ Hán form of Đông Kinh (“former name of Hanoi, Tonkin; Tokyo”)

[1] Doi, Tadao (1603–1604), Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

[2] “トーチョー” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).^{(permanent dead link)}

[3] Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963), 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

[1]

[1]

[2]