南京

Chinese

		south southern	capital
simp. and trad. (南京)		南	京

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): Nánjīng

  (Zhuyin): ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): Lánjìn

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): naam⁴ ging¹

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): nam³ gen¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Nàm-kîn

  (Meixian, Guangdong): nam² gin¹

• Eastern Min (BUC): Nàng-gĭng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): nang² ging¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Lâm-kiaⁿ

  (Teochew, Peng'im): lam⁵ gian¹

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶noe-cin

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Nánjīng
    • Zhuyin: ㄋㄢˊ ㄐㄧㄥ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Nánjing
    • Wade–Giles: Nan²-ching¹
    • Yale: Nán-jīng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Nanjing
    • Palladius: Наньцзин (Nanʹczin)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nän³⁵ t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: Lánjìn
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): lan² jin¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lã²⁴ t͡ɕĩ³¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: naam⁴ ging¹
    • Yale: nàahm gīng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: naam⁴ ging¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: nam⁴ ging¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naːm²¹ kɪŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: nam³ gen¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ⁿdam²² ken³³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Nàm-kîn
    • Hakka Romanization System: nam^ˇ gin^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: nam² gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin²⁴/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: nam² gin¹
    • Sinological IPA: /nam¹¹ kin⁴⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Nàng-gĭng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /nˡaŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² ging¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ nging¹]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: náng-ging
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ¹³⁻¹¹ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵³³/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: nang² ging¹ [Phonetic: nang⁵ nging¹]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /naŋ²⁴⁻²¹ ^(k-)ŋiŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Lâm-kiaⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: Lâm-kiann
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lamkviaf
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /lam²⁴⁻²² kiã³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /lam¹³⁻²² kiã⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /lam²⁴⁻¹¹ kiã⁴⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /lam²³⁻³³ kiã⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: lam⁵ gian¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lâm kiaⁿ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lam⁵⁵⁻¹¹ kĩã³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶noe-cin
    • MiniDict: noe^去 cin
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³noe-jin
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nø²² t͡ɕin⁴⁴/

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• Middle Chinese: nom kjaeng

Rime
Character	南	京
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	泥 (8)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	覃 (159)	庚 (111)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	那含切	舉卿切
Baxter	nom	kjaeng
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/nʌm/	/kˠiæŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/nəm/	/kᵚiaŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/nɒm/	/kiaŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/nəm/	/kiajŋ/
Li Rong	/nᴀm/	/kiɐŋ/
Wang Li	/nɒm/	/kĭɐŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/năm/	/ki̯ɐŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	nán	jīng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	naam4	ging1

Proper noun

南京

1. (～市) Nanjing (a subprovincial city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)
2. (historical) Nanjing (a former city in southwestern Xicheng district, Beijing, China, a capital of the Liao Dynasty)

Synonyms

• (historic or archaic) 金陵 (Jīnlíng), 秣陵 (Mòlíng), 應天／应天 (Yìngtiān), 越城 (Yuèchéng), 建業／建业 (Jiànyè), 建康 (Jiànkāng), 江寧／江宁 (Jiāngníng), 天京 (Tiānjīng), 寧／宁 (Níng), 京 (Jīng)

Derived terms

• 南京大屠殺 / 南京大屠杀 (Nánjīng Dàtúshā)
• 南京條約 / 南京条约
• 南京話 / 南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (南京):

• → Japanese: 南京(なんきん) (Nankin)
• → Korean: 남경(南京) (Namgyeong)
• → Vietnamese: Nam Kinh (南京)

Others:

• → Georgian: ნანძინგი (nanʒingi), ნანკინი (nanḳini)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
南	京
なん Grade: 2	きん Grade: 2
tōon

From the Nanking court dialect Mandarin 南京 (Nánjīng), from before the modern palatalization of /k/ to /tɕ/.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲĩɴ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Proper noun

南(なん)京(きん) or 南京(ナンキン) • (Nankin) 

1. Nanjing (a major city, the provincial capital of Jiangsu, China)

   Synonym: 金陵 (Kinryō)

Derived terms

• 南(なん)京(きん)錠(じょう) (Nankinjō, “padlock”)
• 南(なん)京(きん)虫(むし) (Nankinmushi, “bedbug”)
• 南京黄櫨(なんきんはぜ) (Nankin haze)
• 南(なん)京(きん)豆(まめ) (Nankinmame, “peanut”)

See also

• 北(ペ)京(キン) (Pekin)
• 東(トン)京(キン) (Tonkin)
• 東(とう)京(きょう) (Tōkyō)

Noun

南(なん)京(きん) • (nankin) 

1. pumpkin, squash

Synonyms

• (pumpkin, squash): 南瓜(かぼちゃ) (kabocha), 唐茄子(とうなす) (tōnasu)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
南	京
なん Grade: 2	きょう Grade: 2
goon

Compound of 南(なん) (nan, “south”) + 京(きょう) (kyō, “capital city”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) なんきょー [nàńkyóó] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [nã̠ŋʲkʲo̞ː]

Noun

南(なん)京(きょう) • (nankyō) ^{←なんきやう (nankyau)?}

1. a southern capital (formerly used to refer to the city of Nara)

References

• “南^△京”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja in this term
南	京

Proper noun

南京 • (Namgyeong) (hangeul 남경)

1. hanja form^? of 남경 (“alternative name of Nanjing”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
南	京

Proper noun

南京

1. chữ Hán form of Nam Kinh (“Nanjing”)