姜

See also: 薑

姜 U+59DC, 姜 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59DC ← 姛 [U+59DB] CJK Unified Ideographs 姝 → [U+59DD]

Translingual

Han character

姜 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿土女 (TGV), four-corner 8040₄, composition ⿱𦍌女)

References

• KangXi: page 259, character 20
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6205
• Dae Jaweon: page 525, character 21
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1047, character 11
• Unihan data for U+59DC

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Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 姜
Shang	Western Zhou	Spring and Autumn
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Bronze inscriptions

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
样	*ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯	*zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	*ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	*laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻	*laŋ, *laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *klaŋ): phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ) + semantic 女 (“female”)

Etymology 1

trad.		姜
simp. #		姜

Commonly assumed to be related to 羌 (OC *kʰlaŋ) (Pulleyblank, 2000), though not necessarily (Schuessler, 2007); 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) in the graphs may be just phonetic or also semantic, signifying "names referring to nomads" (Schuessler, 2009).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiāng (jiang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): goeng¹
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kiông
• Min Nan

  (Hokkien, POJ): khiuⁿ / kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: jiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiang
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiang
    • Wade–Giles: chiang1
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕjɑŋ⁵⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: goeng¹
    • Yale: gēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœ̽ːŋ⁵⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
    • Hakka Romanization System: giong´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: khiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qviw
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiũ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
    • Tâi-lô: khiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
    • Tâi-lô: khiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/

Note:

• khiuⁿ - vernacular (surname in Quanzhou);
• kiuⁿ/kioⁿ - vernacular (limited, e.g. 埔姜);
• khiong/khiang - literary (surname in Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taiwan);
• kiong - literary (limited, e.g. 范姜).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: giang¹
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/

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• Middle Chinese: /kɨɐŋ/

Rime
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	居良切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kĭaŋ/
Bernard Karlgren	/ki̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	goeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*klaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ kjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qaŋ/
English	a family name
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	姜
Reading #	1/1
No.	14530
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	薑
Old Chinese	/*klaŋ/

Definitions

姜

1. a surname

   姜維 / 姜维  ―  Jiāng Wéi  ―  Jiang Wei (military general of the state of Shu)

2. (mythology) name of a river, identified as a Qi stream near Mount Qi (Commentary on the Water Classic)

   • 神農居姜水，以為姓。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     神农居姜水，以为姓。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Shuowen Jiezi, circa 2^nd century CE

     Shénnóng jū Jiāngshuǐ, yǐ wèi xìng. [Pinyin]

     The Divine Farmer dwelt by the Jiang river, (whose name) he took as (his) surname.

Compounds

• 埔姜
• 姜家大被
• 姜巷 (Jiāngxiàng)
• 姜芋
• 姜被

• 姬姜
• 孟姜女 (Mèngjiāngnǚ)
• 海埔姜
• 范姜 (Fànjiāng)

• 姜黃／姜黄 (jiānghuáng)
• 敬姜猶績／敬姜犹绩
• 賣良姜／卖良姜
• 齊姜／齐姜

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 姜 – see 薑 (“ginger”). (This character, 姜, is the simplified form of 薑.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

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Japanese

Kanji

姜

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: つよい (tsuyoi)

Compounds

• 姜黄(きょうおう) (kyōō): wild turmeric

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Korean

Hanja

姜 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang)

1. a surname

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Vietnamese

Han character

姜: Hán Nôm readings: Khương, khương, cưng, gừng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.