洋

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洋 U+6D0B, 洋
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D0B
← 洊
[U+6D0A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 洌 →
[U+6D0C]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

洋 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水廿手 (ETQ), four-corner 38151, composition ⿰氵羊)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 619, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17363
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1014, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1615, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+6D0B

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 洋
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
样 *ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯 *zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋 *ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔 *ljaŋ
庠 *ljaŋ
祥 *ljaŋ
痒 *ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜 *klaŋ
羌 *kʰlaŋ
蜣 *kʰlaŋ
猐 *kʰlaŋ
唴 *kʰlaŋs
羊 *laŋ
徉 *laŋ
烊 *laŋ
蛘 *laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻 *laŋ, *laŋs
鴹 *laŋ
恙 *laŋs
羕 *laŋs
樣 *laŋs
漾 *laŋs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ljaŋ, *laŋ): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 羊 (OC *laŋ).

Etymology[edit]

“multitudinous; vast; ocean”
Schuessler (2007) compares it with Tibetan ཡངས་པ (yangs pa, “wide; extensive; vast; spacious”). In contrast, Starostin sets up Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lɨ̆ŋ (“wave”), encompassing this and Tibetan ཀློང (klong, “space; expanse; wave”), Burmese လှိုင်း (hluing:, “wave; to abound; plentiful”).
Compare 羕 (OC *laŋs, “(of rivers) long”), 漾 (OC *laŋs, “waves; (of rivers) long”).
"vast expanse of flat land"
The same word as 陽 (OC *laŋ), which is a variant of 野 (OC *laːʔ, “plain”), used in 平陽／平阳 (píngyáng, “flat land”) and many place names in which 陽／阳 (yáng) does not seem to mean "south side of mountain or north side of river" (Pan, 2016). It is also the same word as 垟 (yáng), used in place names. Cognate with 浪 (làng), 塱 (lǎng), 埌 (làng) used in place names.

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note:
  • iûⁿ/iôⁿ - vernacular;
  • iông/iâng - literary.
Note:
  • ion5/iên5 - vernacular (iên5 - Chaozhou);
  • iang5 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 洋
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial (聲) 以 (36)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 與章切
    Baxter yang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/jɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/jiɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/iɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/jɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/iaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/jĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/i̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		yáng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		joeng4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 洋
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yáng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ yang ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢ(r)aŋ/
    English "great expanse of water"

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 洋
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 14536
    Phonetic
    component         		羊
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		陽
    Old
    Chinese         		/*laŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    洋

    1. multitudinous; vast
    2. ocean; vast area of sea; great expanse of water
      太平洋  ―  Tàipíngyáng  ―  the Pacific Ocean
    3. overseas; foreign; western; imported
      洋人  ―  yángrén  ―  foreigner (especially a westerner or Caucasian)
      洋蔥／洋葱  ―  yángcōng  ―  onion (literally, “Western green onion”)
    4. modern; stylish; fashionable
    5. novel; unusual
    6. (historical or Shanghainese Wu) foreign money; dollar (Classifier: 隻／只 w)
      撥我三隻洋。 [Shanghainese, trad.]
      拨我三只洋。 [Shanghainese, simp.]
      From: 2007, Qian Nairong, 上海话大词典, page 29
      [pəʔ⁴⁴  ŋv̩ʷ²³ se̞⁵⁵ t͡sa̱ʔ²¹ ɦiã²³] [IPA]
      Give me three dollars.
    7. (Min, Hakka, often in place names) plain; flatland
    8. (historical) A river in southern Shaanxi, China
    9. a surname

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 洋

    Descendants[edit]

    Sino-Xenic (洋):
    • → Japanese: 洋(よう) (yō)
    • → Korean: 양(洋) (yang)
    • → Vietnamese: dương (洋)

    Others:

    Pronunciation 2[edit]

    Rime
    Character 洋
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
    Final (韻) 陽 (105)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 似羊切
    Baxter zjang
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/zɨɐŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ziɐŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ziɑŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/zɨaŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/ziaŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/zĭaŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/zi̯aŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiáng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		coeng4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 洋
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 14525
    Phonetic
    component         		羊
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		詳
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ljaŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    洋

    1. † Alternative form of 翔 (xiáng, “to soar; wing; side”).
    2. † Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “good fortune; to bless”).
    3. † Alternative form of 祥 (xiáng, “gentle; tender”).
    4. † Alternative name for 彌河／弥河 (“Mi River in Shandong”).
    5. † (～州) Yang Prefecture (an ancient prefecture of Shaanxi, China)

    Pronunciation 3[edit]

    Definitions[edit]

    洋

    1. † Only used in 洋洋, alternative form of 養養／养养 (yǎngyǎng, “worried; anxious”).

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    洋

    (grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. ocean
    2. foreign country
    3. the West
    4. vast, wide

    Readings[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC jɨɐŋ, “ocean, West”):

    From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC zɨɐŋ, “Mi River”):

    Native Japanese readings:

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    洋
    よう
    Grade: 3
    on’yomi

    /jɨau/ → /jɔː/ → /joː/

    From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC jɨɐŋ). Compare modern Mandarin 洋 (yáng).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    洋(よう) • (yō) ←やう (yau)?

    1. an ocean
    2. (by extension, from the sense of across the ocean) the East (Orient) or especially the West (Occident)
    Derived terms[edit]
    Derived terms
    Idioms[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    洋(よう) • (Yō) ←やう (yau)?

    1. a surname
    2. a male or female given name

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    洋
    なだ
    Grade: 3
    kun’yomi

    From Old Japanese. Found in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.[2]

    Alternative forms[edit]

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    洋(なだ) • (nada) 

    1. Alternative spelling of 灘 (nada): the open sea

    Proper noun[edit]

    洋(なだ) • (Nada) 

    1. a surname

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    洋
    ひろし
    Grade: 3
    irregular

    Nominalization of the 終止形 (shūshikei, “terminal form”) of classical adjective 広し (hiroshi), modern 広い (hiroi, “vast, wide”).

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Proper noun[edit]

    洋(ひろし) • (Hiroshi) 

    1. a surname
    2. a male or female given name

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ c. 759, Man'yōshū (book 17, poem 3893), text here

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 洋 (MC jɨɐŋ). Recorded as Middle Korean 야ᇰ (yang) (Yale: yang) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    洋 (eumhun 큰 바다 양 (keun bada yang))

    1. Hanja form? of 양 (“ocean; western”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    洋: Hán Nôm readings: dương

    1. chữ Hán form of dương (“ocean”).
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