羌

See also: 羗

羌 U+7F8C, 羌 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7F8C ← 羋 [U+7F8B] CJK Unified Ideographs 羍 → [U+7F8D]

Translingual

Han character

羌 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+2 in traditional Chinese, 羊+1 in simplified Chinese, 8 strokes in traditional Chinese, 7 strokes in simplified Chinese, Cangjie input 廿土竹山 (TGHU) or 廿手山 (TQU), four-corner 8021₁, composition ⿸⺶乚(G) or ⿱𦍌儿(HTJK))

Derived characters

• 唴, 㛨, 㳾, 猐, 琷, 蜣, 錓, 羗

Additional Derived Characters

• 𠊡, 𫹕, 𬁿, 𪲞, 𥇉, 𥓌, 𧇞, 𩸑, 𪁸, 𦍑, 𡝸, 𢒘, 𢻐, 𠻁, 𠒤, 𱻎, 𬝆, 𪉬, 𡬎
• 𭘤, 𢮲

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 951, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28429
• Dae Jaweon: page 1393, character 11
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3125, character 3
• Unihan data for U+7F8C

Chinese

trad.		羌
simp. #		羌
alternative forms		羗 𦍑 猐 𠒌 𡸓 羗 𦍑 猐 𠒌 𡸓 𡹽 𡺛 𦍎

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 羌
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (羊) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
样	*ʔslaːŋ, *laŋ
佯	*zlaŋ, *laŋ
詳	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
洋	*ljaŋ, *laŋ
翔	*ljaŋ
庠	*ljaŋ
祥	*ljaŋ
痒	*ljaŋ, *laŋʔ
姜	*klaŋ
羌	*kʰlaŋ
蜣	*kʰlaŋ
猐	*kʰlaŋ
唴	*kʰlaŋs
羊	*laŋ
徉	*laŋ
烊	*laŋ
蛘	*laŋ, *laŋʔ
眻	*laŋ, *laŋs
鴹	*laŋ
恙	*laŋs
羕	*laŋs
樣	*laŋs
漾	*laŋs

A man 人 with two sheep horns 羊 on his head - barbarian. The character 羊 also indicates the pronunciation. See also 茍 and 美.

Etymology

Unclear.

Pulleyblank (1983) suggests a derivation from 羊 (OC *laŋ).

Schuessler (2007) prefers to relate it to Proto-Tibeto-Burman *s-klawŋ (“to guard; to herd; to tend (cattle); to graze; to be at leisure”), whence Tibetan སྐྱོང (skyong, “to guard; to nurture; to keep; to care for”), Asho Chin klóng (“to herd; to graze”), Burmese ကျောင်း (kyaung:, “to feed; to tend (cattle)”); then 羌 means "herders". Compare 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to raise; to nourish”).

Beckwith (2009) proposes a possible Indo-European origin; compare Tocharian B klank- (“to ride; to go by chariot”).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): qiāng (qiang¹)

  (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qiang¹

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): qiǎng

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): qiān

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): goeng¹

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): goeng¹

• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiông

  (Hailu, HRS): giong^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): giong¹

• Jin (Wiktionary): qion¹
• Northern Min (KCR): gióng
• Eastern Min (BUC): giŏng
• Puxian Min (Xianyou, Pouseng Ping'ing): giunn¹ / kyoeng¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kiuⁿ / kioⁿ / khiong / khiang / kiong

  (Teochew, Peng'im): giang¹

• Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): giang¹
• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹chian
• Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): qian¹

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: qiāng
    • Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: ciang
    • Wade–Giles: chʻiang¹
    • Yale: chyāng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiang
    • Palladius: цян (cjan)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: qiang¹
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: qiǎng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiaŋ²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: qiān
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): qian⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰiã⁴⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: goeng¹
    • Yale: gēung
    • Cantonese Pinyin: goeng¹
    • Guangdong Romanization: gêng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kœːŋ⁵⁵/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: goeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /køŋ²¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiông
    • Hakka Romanization System: giong^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: giong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯oŋ²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: giong^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kioŋ⁵³/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: giong¹
    • Sinological IPA: /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: qion¹
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiɒ̃¹¹/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɔŋ⁵⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: giŏng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyoŋ⁵⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: giunn¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kĩũ⁵⁴⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: kyoeng¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰyøŋ⁵⁴⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Lukang, Sanxia, Taipei, Yilan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu, Taichung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiuⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kiunn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kviw
    • Sinological IPA (Lukang): /kiũ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Yilan, Kaohsiung, Kinmen): /kiũ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Tainan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kioⁿ
    • Tâi-lô: kionn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kvioy
    • Sinological IPA (Tainan): /kiɔ̃⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiong
    • Tâi-lô: khiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiofng
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiɔŋ³³/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiang
    • Tâi-lô: khiang
    • Phofsit Daibuun: qiafng
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kʰiaŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiong
    • Tâi-lô: kiong
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kiofng
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ⁴⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: giang¹
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kiang
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiaŋ³³/
• Southern Pinghua
  • (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
    • Jyutping++: giang¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiɐŋ⁵³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ¹chian
    • MiniDict: chian^平
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹qian
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰiã⁵³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: qian¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯æn³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: khjang

Rime
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	陽 (105)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	去羊切
Baxter	khjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰɨɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰiɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰɨaŋ/
Li Rong	/kʰiaŋ/
Wang Li	/kʰĭaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰi̯aŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiāng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	hoeng1

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.qʰaŋ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qiāng
Middle Chinese	‹ khjang ›
Old Chinese	/*C.qʰaŋ/
English	western tribes
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	羌
Reading #	1/1
No.	14531
Phonetic component	羊
Rime group	陽
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	羌
Old Chinese	/*kʰlaŋ/

Definitions

羌

1. (～族, ～人) Qiang people
2. Name of a historical tribe in ancient China.
3. muntjac (species of deer)

   山羌  ―  shānqiāng  ―  Reeves's muntjac

4. (obsolete) Meaningless sentence-initial particle, often used in the Chuci.
5. a surname

Compounds

• 婼羌
• 山羌 (shānqiāng)
• 氐羌
• 羌人 (Qiāngrén)
• 羌塘 (Qiāngtáng)
• 羌家壪 / 羌家塆 (Qiāngjiāwān)
• 羌帖
• 羌戎
• 羌族 (Qiāngzú)
• 羌活 (qiānghuó)
• 羌無故實 / 羌无故实
• 羌笛 (qiāngdí)
• 羌管
• 羌語 / 羌语
• 羌鷲 / 羌鹫 (qiāngjiù)
• 若羌 (Ruòqiāng)
• 葉爾羌 / 叶尔羌 (Yè'ěrqiāng)
• 西羌
• 阿羌 (Āqiāng)

Japanese

Kanji

羌

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: こう (kō)
• Kan-on: きょう (kyō)
• Kun: えびす (ebisu, 羌)、あう (au)
• Nanori: あきら (akira)、すすむ (susumu)

Korean

Hanja

Historical readings

• Recorded as Middle Korean 가ᇰ (Yale: kang) in Gugeupgan'ibang (救急簡易方 / 구급간이방), 1448.

羌 • (gang) (hangeul 강, revised gang, McCune–Reischauer kang, Yale kang)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

羌: Hán Nôm readings: cưng, gừng, khương

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.