barn

See also: Bärn

English

A barn (farm building) in Lithuania

Pronunciation

• enPR: bärn, IPA^(key): /bɑɹn/
  • (Australia, Boston) IPA^(key): [baːn]
  • (NYC) IPA^(key): [bɒən]
  • (New Zealand) IPA^(key): [bɐːn]
  • (UK) IPA^(key): [bɑː(ɹ)n]
  • (US) IPA^(key): [bɑɹn]
• Rhymes: -ɑː(ɹ)n

Etymology 1

From Middle English bern, from Old English bereærn (“barn, granary”), compound of bere (“barley”) and ærn, ræn (“dwelling, barn”), from Proto-Germanic *razną (compare Old High German erin, Old Norse rann), from pre-Germanic *h₁rh̥₁-s-nó-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erh₁- (“to rest”). More at rest and barley.

Noun

barn (plural barns)

1. (agriculture) A building, often found on a farm, used for storage or keeping animals such as cattle.
   • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 11, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:

     One day I was out in the barn and he drifted in. I was currying the horse and he set down on the wheelbarrow and begun to ask questions.

2. (nuclear physics) A unit of surface area equal to 10^-28 square metres.
3. (informal, Canada, ice hockey) An arena.

   Maple Leaf Gardens was a grand old barn.

Derived terms

Terms derived from "barn"

• barnstar
• barnstorm
• barnyard
• barn dance

• barn door
• barn owl
• barn-raising
• born in a barn

• car barn
• haybarn
• raised in a barn
• smell the barn

Translations

building

• Arabic: مَبْنَى لِإِيوَاء الْعَرَبَات‏‎ (mabnā liʾīwāʾ al-ʿarabāt)
• Armenian: (for cattle) գոմ (hy) (gom), (for sheep) փարախ (hy) (pʿarax), (for horses) ախոռ (hy) (axoṙ)
• Bulgarian: хамбар (bg) (hambar), плевня (bg) (plevnja)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 穀倉 (zh), 谷仓 (zh) (gǔcāng), 糧倉 (zh), 粮仓 (zh) (liángcāng)

• Crimean Tatar: anbar
• Czech: stodola (cs) f
• Danish: lade (da) c (for storage), stald (da) c (for animals)
• Dutch: schuur (nl) f
• Esperanto: garbejo
• Estonian: rehi (et)
• Faroese: fjós (fo) n
• Finnish: lato (fi), aitta (fi) (storage); karjasuoja (fi), navetta (fi) (for animals)
• French: grange (fr) f, fenil (fr) m
• Georgian: ბეღელი (beɣeli), გომი (gomi), გომური (gomuri)
• German: Scheune (de) f, (regional) Scheuer (de) f, Stadel m, Stall (de) m, Schuppen (de) m
• Greek: (storage) αχυρώνας (el) m (achyrónas)
• Hungarian: csűr (hu), pajta (hu), istálló (hu)
• Icelandic: hlaða (is) f
• Italian: granaio (it) m, fienile (it) m
• Japanese: (storage shed) 納屋 (なや, naya), (for livestock) 家畜小屋 (かちくごや, kachikugoya)
• Latgalian: klāvs

• Latin: stadīle n (Mediaeval)
• Latvian: kūts, klēts f
• Luxembourgish: Scheier f
• Macedonian: плевна f (plevna)
• Malay: bangsal
• Norman: grange f
• Norwegian: låve m
• Persian: انبار کاه‏‎ (anbār-e kāh), کاه انبار‏‎ (kāh-anbār)
• Polish: stodoła (pl) f
• Portuguese: celeiro (pt)
• Romanian: hambar (ro) n
• Russian: ови́н (ru) m (ovín), амба́р (ru) m (ambár), сара́й (ru) m (saráj)
• Scottish Gaelic: sabhal m
• Serbo-Croatian: štagalj (sh) m, штагаљ m
• Slovak: stodola f
• Slovene: hlev (sl) m inan, štala f
• Spanish: granero (es) m (barn for crops), establo (es) m (barn for livestock), galpón (es) m
• Swedish: ladugård (sv) c, lagård c (colloquial), lada (sv) c (storage)
• Turkish: ahır (tr)
• Volapük: lecek (vo), (horse) jevodalecek (vo), (cattle) veteralecek (vo)
• Walloon: gregne (wa) f, xheure (wa) f
• Welsh: ysgubor f

unit

• Finnish: barni
• Greek: μπαρν n (barn)
• Polish: barn (pl) m

• Russian: барн m (barn)
• Swedish: barn (sv)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• Albanian: ^{(please verify)} plevicë f
• Italian: ^{(please verify)} stalla f (1), barn (2), ^{(please verify)} granaio (4)?, ^{(please verify)} baracca (5)?
• Japanese: 納屋(なや, naya)(1)

• Romanian: hambar f and m
• Serbo-Croatian: ^{(please verify)} ambar m
• Slovene: ^{(please verify)} skedenj m, ^{(please verify)} gumno n

Verb

barn (third-person singular simple present barns, present participle barning, simple past and past participle barned)

1. (transitive) To lay up in a barn.
   • Shakespeare

     Men […] often barn up the chaff, and burn up the grain.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Fuller to this entry?)

Etymology 2

From Middle English barn, bern, from Old English bearn (“child, son, offspring, prodigy”) and Old Norse barn (“child”). More at bairn.

Noun

barn (plural barns)

1. (dialect, parts of Northern England) A child.

Synonyms

• (child): bairn

Translations

child — see child

Anagrams

• Bran, NRAB, bran

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Breton

Etymology

Cognate with Cornish barna.

Verb

barn

1. (transitive) to judge

Conjugation

Personal forms
	Indicative				Conditional		Imperative
	Present	Imperfect	Preterite	Future	Present	Imperfect
1s	barnan	barnen	barnis	barnin	barnfen	barnjen	-
2s	barnez	barnes	barnjout	barni	barnfes	barnjes	barn
3s	barn	barne	barnas	barno	barnfe	barnje	barnet
1p	barnomp	barnemp	barnjomp	barnimp	barnfemp	barnjemp	barnomp
2p	barnit	barnec'h	barnjoc'h	barnot	barnfec'h	barnjec'h	barnit
3p	barnont	barnent	barnjont	barnint	barnfent	barnjent	barnent
0	barner	barned	barnjod	barnor	barnfed	barnjed	-
Impersonal forms					Mutated forms
Infinitive: barn Present participle: o varn Past participle: barnet (auxiliary verb: kaout)					Soft mutation after a: a varn- Mixed mutation after e: e varn- Soft mutation after ne/na: ne/na varn-

Inflection

  Mutation of barn  

Breton consonant mutation
unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
barn	varn	unchanged	parn	varn

Derived terms

• barner
• barnadenn
• barnadur
• barnedigezh
• barner a beoc'h
• skiant-varn
• dezvarn

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Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish barn, from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/, [b̥ɑːˀn]

Noun

barn n (singular definite barnet, plural indefinite børn)

1. child

Usage notes

In compounds: barn-, barne-, barns- or børne-.

Related terms

Related terms

• adoptivbarn
• barnagtig
• barnagtighed
• barndom
• barnealder
• barneansigt
• barnebarn
• barnebillet
• barnecykel
• barnedåb
• barnefader
• barnefar
• barnefødsel
• barnefødt
• barnefødt
• barnehoved
• barnekammer
• barnemad
• barnemoder
• barnemor
• barnemord
• barnepige
• barnepleje
• barnerov
• barnerumpe
• barneseng
• barneske
• barneskefuld
• barnesko
• barneskole
• barnesprog
• barnestjerne
• barnestol
• barnesæde

• barnetro
• barnevogn
• barneår
• barnlig
• barnlille
• barnløs
• barnsben
• brystbarn
• bysbarn
• børnearbejde
• børnebegrænsning
• børnebibliotek
• børnebidrag
• børnebillet
• børnebog
• børnebogsforfatter
• børnecheck
• børnecykel
• børnedødelighed
• børneernæring
• børnefamilie
• børnefjendsk
• børnefjendtlig
• børneflok
• børneforsorg
• børneforsorgspædagog
• børnefødselsdag
• børneglad
• børnehave
• børnehaveklasse
• børnehavepædagog
• børnehjem
• børnehjælpsdag
• børnehospital

• børnehøjde
• børneinstitution
• børnekultur
• børnelammelse
• børnelokker
• børnelæge
• børnelærdom
• børnemad
• børnemisbrug
• børnemisbruger
• børnemishandling
• børneopdragelse
• børneopsparing
• børneorm
• børneparkering
• børnepasning
• børnepasser
• børnepenge
• børneporno
• børnepsykiater
• børnepsykiatri
• børnepsykiatrisk
• børnepsykolog
• børnepsykologi
• børnepsykologisk
• børnerig
• børnerigtig
• børnesang
• børnesikker
• børnesikre
• børnesikring
• børneskole
• børnesprog
• børnesygdom

• børnesæde
• børnesår
• børneteater
• børnetegning
• børnetilskud
• børnetække
• børnetøj
• børneven
• børnevenlig
• børneværelse
• børneværn
• børneægteskab
• børneår
• børn og unge-udvalg
• DAMP-barn
• delebarn
• diebarn
• elleveårsbarn
• elveårsbarn
• enebarn
• feriebarn
• flaskebarn
• fællesbarn
• fødselsdagsbarn
• førskolebarn
• gadebarn
• gammelmandsbarn
• gudbarn
• gudebarn
• hittebarn
• hjertebarn
• kælebarn
• legebarn
• mongolbarn

• niårsbarn
• næstsøskendebarn
• nøglebarn
• oldebarn
• pattebarn
• pigebarn
• plejebarn
• problembarn
• reagensglasbarn
• rhesusbarn
• skilsmissebarn
• skolebarn
• skødebarn
• smertensbarn
• småbarn
• spædbarn
• stedbarn
• svagbørn
• svagbørnskoloni
• svigerbørn
• svøbelsebarn
• svøbelsesbarn
• særbarn
• søndagsbarn
• søskendebarn
• tipoldebarn
• toårsbarn
• troldebarn
• vidunderbarn
• ægtebarn
• ønskebarn

Declension

Declension of barn

neuter gender	Singular		Plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barn	barnet	børn	børnene
genitive	barns	barnets	børns	børnenes

References

• “barn” in Den Danske Ordbog

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Faroese

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpatn]
• Rhymes: -atn

Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, plural børn)

1. child

Declension

Declension of barn
n5	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barn	barnið	børn	børnini
accusative	barn	barnið	børn	børnini
dative	barni	barninum	børnum	børnunum
genitive	barns	barnsins	barna	barnanna

---

French

Noun

barn m (plural barns)

1. (physics) barn (unit)

---

Gothic

Romanization

barn

1. Romanization of 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈpartn], IPA^(key): [ˈpatn] (colloquial), IPA^(key): [ˈparn] (Southeast dialect)
• Rhymes: -artn

Noun

barn n (genitive singular barns, nominative plural börn)

1. a child

Declension

declension of barn

n-s	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barn	barnið	börn	börnin
accusative	barn	barnið	börn	börnin
dative	barni	barninu	börnum	börnunum
genitive	barns	barnsins	barna	barnanna

Derived terms

• smábarn
• brjóstbarn
• undrabarn
• ungabarn
• ungbarn
• barnalegur
• barnalæknir
• brennt barn forðast eldinn
• barnshafandi

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Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Old Norse barn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːɳ/

Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn, definite plural barna or barnene)

1. a child

Derived terms

Terms derived from barn

• barnearbeid
• barnebok
• barnebrud
• barnemat
• barneprostitusjon
• barnerim

• barnesoldat
• barnesykdom
• barnevogn
• barnløs
• barnslig
• fosterbarn

• problembarn
• skolebarn
• småbarn
• spedbarn
• vidunderbarn

References

• “barn” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

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Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Old Norse barn.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːrn/

Noun

barn n (definite singular barnet, indefinite plural barn or born, definite plural barna or borna)

1. a child

Derived terms

Terms derived from barn

• barnearbeid
• barnebok
• barnebrud
• barnemat
• barnerim

• barnesoldat
• barnevogn
• barnsleg
• fosterbarn

• problembarn
• skolebarn, skulebarn
• småbarn
• spedbarn

References

• “barn” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

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Old Danish

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural børn)

1. child

Descendants

• Danish: barn

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Old Norse

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *barną, the passive participle of *beraną; cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“servant”); from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.

Noun

barn n (genitive barns, plural bǫrn)

1. child

Declension

  Declension of barn (strong a-stem)

neuter	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barn	barnit	bǫrn	bǫrnin
accusative	barn	barnit	bǫrn	bǫrnin
dative	barni	barninu	bǫrnum	bǫrnunum
genitive	barns	barnsins	barna	barnanna

Descendants

• Icelandic: barn
• Faroese: barn
• Norwegian: barn
• Old Swedish: barn
  • Swedish: barn
• Old Danish: barn
  • Danish: barn
• Westrobothnian: báðn
• Elfdalian: barn
• Jamtish: báðn
• Gutnish: ban
• Scanian: barn

References

• barn in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

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Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *barną, whence also Old English barn, Old High German barn, Swedish barn.

Noun

barn n

1. child

Declension

Declension of barn (neuter a-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	barn	barn
accusative	barn	barn
genitive	barnes	barnō
dative	barne	barnum
instrumental	—	—

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Old Swedish

Etymology

From Old Norse barn, from Proto-Germanic *barną.

Noun

barn n

1. child

Declension

Declension of barn (a-stem)

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	barn	barnit	barn	barnin
accusative	barn	barnit	barn	barnin
dative	barni, -e	barninu, -eno	barnum, -om	barnumin, -omen
genitive	barns	barnsins	barna	barnanna

Descendants

• Swedish: barn

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Polish

Noun

barn m inan

1. barn (unit)

Declension

declension of barn

	singular	plural
nominative	barn	barny
genitive	barnu	barnów
dative	barnowi	barnom
accusative	barn	barny
instrumental	barnem	barnami
locative	barnie	barnach
vocative	barnie	barny

Further reading

• barn in Polish dictionaries at PWN

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /bɑːrn/, [bɑːɳ]

• audio

  (file)

Etymology

From Old Swedish barn (“child”), from Old Norse barn (“child”), from Proto-Germanic *barną. Cognate with Danish, Icelandic, Old Saxon, Old High German barn. Cognate with Latvian bērns (“child”), Lithuanian bérnas (“worker”) and bernẽlis (“lad”), a kind of participle to bära (“to bear, to carry, as in childbirth”).

Noun

barn n

1. a child (a young person)
2. (someone's) child, offspring (a son or daughter)
3. a descendant (e.g. children of Abraham)
4. a follower (e.g. God's children)
5. (someone's) creation, invention
6. (uncountable) barn; a unit of area in nuclear physics

Declension

Declension of barn
	Singular		Plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Nominative	barn	barnet	barn	barnen
Genitive	barns	barnets	barns	barnens

Synonyms

• unge

Related terms

barnablick or barnblick barnadödlighet or barndödlighet barnafar or barnafader barnafrom barnafödande barnaföderska barnafödsel barnaga barnahand barnalstring barnamord barnamördare barnansikte barnantal barnarbetare barnarbete barnarov or barnrov barnaröst barnasinne barnaskap barnaskara or barnskara barnatro barnavård barnaår or barnår

barnaöga or barnöga barnbarn barnbarnsbarn barnbassäng barnbeck barnbegränsning barnberättelse barnbespisning barnbibliotek barnbidrag barnbiljett barnbjudning barnblöja barnbok barnby barnbördshus barnbördsklinik barncykel barndag barndaghem barndom barndop barnfamilj barnfest

barnfilm barnflicka barnfond barnfödd barnförbjuda barnföreställning barnförlamning barngrupp barngudstjänst barnhage barnhem barnhuvud barnhälsovård barnjungfru barnkalas barnkammare barnkirurgi barnklinik barnkläder barnkoloni barnkonfektion barnkonto barnkonvention barnkrubba

barnkull barnkultur barnkunskap barnkupé barnkär barnkör barnledig barnlek barnlitteratur barnläkare barnlös barnmat barnmedicinsk barnmisshandel barnmorska barnmottagning barnolycksfall barnombudsman barnomsorg barnopera barnoverall barnparkering barnpassning barnpension

barnperspektiv barnpiga barnpornografi barnporr barnprogram barnprostitution barnpsykiater barnpsykiatri barnpsykiatrisk barnpsykolog barnpsykologi barnpuder barnramsa barnrik barnrikeshus barnrumpa barnröst barnsaga barnsak barnsben barnsbörd barnsele barnsits barnsjukdom

barnsjukhus barnsjuksköterska barnsjukvård barnsko barnskrik barnskydd barnskötare barnsköterska barnskötsel barnslig barnsnöd barnsoldat barnspråk barnstadium barnstol barnstorlek barnstuga barnsäker barnsäng barnsöl barnteater barnteckning barntillsyn barntillåten

barntillägg barntimme or barntimma barnträdgårdslärare barntvätt barnunge barnuppfostran barnvagn barnvakt barnverksamhet barnvisa barnvälling barnvänlig barnår barnäktenskap barnöga brorsbarn dibarn spädbarn systerbarn underbarn

See also

• pojke
• flicka

References

• barn in Svenska Akademiens Ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)
• barn in Svenska Akademiens ordbok online.

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Welsh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /barn/

Noun

barn f (plural barnau)

1. opinion, view

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
barn	farn	marn	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.