澗

See also: 涧

澗 U+6F97, 澗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F97 ← 澖 [U+6F96] CJK Unified Ideographs 澘 → [U+6F98]

Translingual

Han character

澗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓日 (EANA), four-corner 3712₀, composition ⿰氵間)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 652, character 32
• Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 24, character 14
• Unihan data for U+6F97

Chinese

trad.		澗
simp.		涧
alternative forms		㵎 𡼥 𡼏 礀 磵／𰧃 㵎 𡼥 𡼏 礀 磵／𰧃 𧯎 𧯑

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
間	*kreːn, *kreːns
簡	*kreːnʔ
澗	*kreːns, *kraːns
鐧	*kreːns, *kraːns
蕑	*kreːn
覵	*kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉	*kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩	*kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜	*kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇	*ɡreːn
瞯	*ɡreːn
憪	*ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌	*ɡraːnʔ
撊	*ɡraːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn)

Etymology

For the Hokkien sense of "alleyway; alley; narrow street", possibly a semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) or possibly related to 間 / 间 (kàn, “gap; partition”) or from Malay pekan as a clipping.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): jiàn (jian⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan² / gaan³
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): kiên / kiân

  (Hailu, HRS): gien^ˋ

• Eastern Min (BUC): gáng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gang⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): kàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): gang²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
    • Wade–Giles: chien⁴
    • Yale: jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
    • Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: gaan² / gaan³
    • Yale: gáan / gaan
    • Cantonese Pinyin: gaan² / gaan³
    • Guangdong Romanization: gan² / gan³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːn³⁵/, /kaːn³³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiên
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯en²⁴/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiân
    • Hakka Romanization System: gian^ˊ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: gian¹
    • Sinological IPA: /ki̯an²⁴/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: gien^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /kien⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: gáng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɑŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: gang⁴
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ga̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
    • Tâi-lô: kàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
    • IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: gang²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: káng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaŋ⁵²/

---

• Middle Chinese: kaenH

Rime
Character	澗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古晏切
Baxter	kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠanH/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚanH/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐnH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨnH/
Li Rong	/kanH/
Wang Li	/kanH/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kanH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaan3

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ˤra[n]-s/

  (Zhengzhang): /*kreːns/, /*kraːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	澗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ kænH ›
Old Chinese	/*[k]ˁra[n]-s/ (rhymes as if *[k]ˁra[n])
English	stream in a ravine
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	澗	澗
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6229	6231
Phonetic component	閒	閒
Rime group	元	元
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	襇	諫
Old Chinese	/*kreːns/	/*kraːns/
Notes		集韻改襉韻

Definitions

澗

1. brook between mountains; mountain stream
2. a numeral that refers to 10³⁶ or others
3. (Hokkien, historical) alleyway; alley; narrow street

Compounds

• 山澗 / 山涧 (shānjiàn)
• 林慚澗愧 / 林惭涧愧
• 桑澗 / 桑涧 (Sāngjiàn)
• 泗澗溝 / 泗涧沟 (Sìjiàngōu, “Sijiangou”)
• 清澗 / 清涧
• 深澗 / 深涧
• 溪澗 / 溪涧 (xījiàn)
• 溝澗 / 沟涧
• 澗口 / 涧口 (Jiànkǒu)
• 澗壑 / 涧壑
• 澗池 / 涧池 (Jiànchí)
• 澗溝 / 涧沟
• 西澗 / 西涧
• 餐松飲澗 / 餐松饮涧

See also

Chinese numerals
104	108	1012	1016	1020	1024	1028	1032	1036	1040	1044	1048
萬／万 (wàn)	億／亿 (yì)	兆 (zhào) (Taiwan)	京 (jīng) (Taiwan)	垓 (gāi)	秭 (zǐ)	穰 (ráng)	溝／沟 (gōu)	澗／涧 (jiàn)	正 (zhèng)	載／载 (zài)	極／极 (jí)
		萬億／万亿 (wànyì) (Mainland China)	億億/亿亿 (Mainland China)

Further reading

• “澗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

澗

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: けん (ken)
• Kan-on: かん (kan)
• Kun: たに (tani, 澗)、たにみず (tanimizu, 澗)
• Nanori: ま (ma)

Number

澗(かん) • (kan) 

1. undecillion, a number of 10³⁶ in modern Japanese since 17th century.

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 澗 (MC kaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 간〯 (kǎn) (Yale: kǎn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
• Phonetic hangul: [간(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

Wikisource

澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))

1. hanja form^? of 간 (“mountain stream”)

Compounds

• 계간 (溪澗, gyegan)
• 벽간 (碧澗, byeokgan)

References

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

Han character

澗: Hán Nôm readings: giản

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Nôm Foundation