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澗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 涧
澗 U+6F97, 澗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6F97
← 澖
[U+6F96] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 澘 →
[U+6F98]

Translingual

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Han character

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澗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+12, 15 strokes, cangjie input 水日弓日 (EANA), four-corner 37120, composition ⿰氵間)

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 652, character 32
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1060, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 8 (in addendum), page 24, character 14
  • Unihan data for U+6F97

Chinese

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trad. 澗
simp. 涧
alternative forms
墹
㵎
𡼥
𡼏
礀
墹
㵎
𡼥
𡼏
礀
磵／𰧃
𧯎
𧯑
 

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (閒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
間 *kreːn, *kreːns
簡 *kreːnʔ
澗 *kreːns, *kraːns
鐧 *kreːns, *kraːns
蕑 *kreːn
覵 *kreːn, *kreːns, *pkrenʔ
襉 *kreːnʔ, *kreːns
僩 *kreːnʔ, *ɡraːnʔ
鬜 *kʰreːn, *kʰraːn, *kʰreːd
癇 *ɡreːn
瞯 *ɡreːn
憪 *ɡreːn, *ɡraːnʔ
橌 *ɡraːnʔ
撊 *ɡraːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kreːns, *kraːns): semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 閒 (OC *ɡreːn)

Etymology

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For the Hokkien sense of "alleyway; alley; narrow street", possibly related to 間 / 间 (kàn, “gap; partition”) or possibly a semantic loan from Dutch gang (“alleyway, alley, narrow street”) or from Malay pekan[1] as a clipping, but this term is also found recorded in the Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum (1626-1642) as "Parian 墹 can̂."[2] which is also read as 墹 (kàn).

Pronunciation

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Rime
Character 澗
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 刪 (69)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 古晏切
Baxter kaenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kˠanH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kᵚanH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɐnH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kaɨnH/
Li
Rong 		/kanH/
Wang
Li 		/kanH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kanH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		gaan3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 澗
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kænH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁra[n]-s/ (rhymes as if *[k]ˁra[n])
English stream in a ravine

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 澗 澗
Reading # 1/2 2/2
No. 6229 6231
Phonetic
component 		閒 閒
Rime
group 		元 元
Rime
subdivision 		2 1
Corresponding
MC rime 		襇 諫
Old
Chinese 		/*kreːns/ /*kraːns/
Notes 集韻改襉韻

Definitions

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澗

  1. brook between mountains; mountain stream
  2. a numeral that refers to 1036 or others
  3. (Hokkien, historical) alleyway; alley; narrow street

Compounds

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See also

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Chinese numerals
104 108 1012 1016 1020 1024 1028 1032 1036 1040 1044 1048
萬／万 (wàn) 億／亿 (yì) 兆 (zhào) (Taiwan) 京 (jīng) (Taiwan) 垓 (gāi) 秭 (zǐ) 穰 (ráng) 溝／沟 (gōu) 澗／涧 (jiàn) 正 (zhèng) 載／载 (zài) 極／极 (jí)
萬億／万亿 (wànyì)
(Mainland China) 		億億/亿亿
(Mainland China)

References

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  1. ^ Lo Man Yuk (July 1898), “Chinese Names of Streets in Penang”, in Journal of the Straits Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society‎[1], numbers 31-34, Singapore: American Mission Press, page 204
  2. ^ Dictionario Hispánico-Sinicum‎[2] (overall work in Early Modern Spanish, Hokkien, and Classical Mandarin), kept as Vocabulario Español-Chino con caracteres chinos (TOMO 215) in the University of Santo Tomás Archives, Manila: Dominican Order of Preachers, 1626-1642, page 728; republished as Fabio Yuchung Lee (李毓中), Chen Tsung-jen (陳宗仁), Regalado Trota José, José Luis Caño Ortigosa, editors, Hokkien Spanish Historical Document Series I: Dictionario Hispanico Sinicum‎[3], Hsinchu: National Tsing Hua University Press, 2018, →ISBN

Further reading

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Japanese

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Kanji

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澗

(Hyōgai kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

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  • Go-on: けん (ken)
  • Kan-on: かん (kan)
  • Kun: たに (tani, 澗)、たにみず (tanimizu, 澗)
  • Nanori: ま (ma)

Number

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澗(かん) • (kan) 

  1. undecillion, a number of 1036 in modern Japanese since 17th century.

References

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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 澗 (MC kaenH). Recorded as Middle Korean 간〯 (kǎn) (Yale: kǎn) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

Pronunciation

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  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [간(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

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Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

澗 (eumhun 산골 물 간 (san'gol mul gan))

  1. hanja form? of 간 (“mountain stream”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [6]

Vietnamese

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Han character

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澗: Hán Nôm readings: giản

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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