兵

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See also: 丘
兵 U+5175, 兵
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5175
← 兴
[U+5174] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 其 →
[U+5176]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order
7 strokes

Han character[edit]

兵 (Kangxi radical 12, 八+5, 7 strokes, cangjie input 人一金 (OMC), four-corner 72801, composition ⿱丘八)

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 127, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1462
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 244, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+5175

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 兵

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 兵
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Oracle bone script

j05124

j05125

j05126

Bronze inscriptions

b03381

b03382

b03383

b03384

b03385

b03386

Small seal script

s01979

s01980

s01981

Transcribed ancient scripts

L33068

L33069

L33070

L33071

L33072

L33073

L10409

L10410

L10411

L10412

L10413

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (兵) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
浜 *praːŋ, *praːŋʔ
捠 *praːŋ
兵 *praŋ

Ideogrammic compound (會意): 斤 (“a short axe”) + 廾 (“2 hands”) – a pair of hands holding a weapon.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • piaⁿ - vernacular;
  • peng - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 兵
    Mandarin Beijing /piŋ⁵⁵/
    Harbin /piŋ⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /piŋ²¹/
    Jinan /piŋ²¹³/
    Qingdao /piŋ²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /piŋ²⁴/
    Xi'an /piŋ²¹/
    Xining /piə̃⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /piŋ⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /pĩn³¹/
    Ürümqi /piŋ⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /pin⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /pin⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /pin⁵⁵/
    Kunming /pĩ/
    Nanjing /pin³¹/
    Hefei /pin²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /piəŋ¹¹/
    Pingyao /piŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /pĩŋ³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /piŋ⁵³/
    Suzhou /pin⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /pin³³/
    Wenzhou /peŋ³³/
    Hui Shexian /piʌ̃³¹/
    Tunxi /pɛ¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /pin³³/
    Xiangtan /pin³³/
    Gan Nanchang /pin⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /pin⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /pin²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /peŋ⁵³/
    Nanning /peŋ⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /piŋ⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /piŋ⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Min Dong) /piŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Min Bei) /peiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Min Nan) /piã³³/
    Haikou (Min Nan) /ʔbeŋ²³/
    /ʔbia²³/
    Rime
    Character 兵
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 庚 (111)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 甫明切
    Baxter pjaeng
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pˠiæŋ/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pᵚiaŋ/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piaŋ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/piajŋ/
    Li
    Rong         		/piɐŋ/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭɐŋ/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯ɐŋ/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		bīng
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		bing1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 兵
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		bīng
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjæng ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*praŋ/
    English weapon

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 兵
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 865
    Phonetic
    component         		兵
    Rime
    group         		陽
    Rime
    subdivision         		0
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		兵
    Old
    Chinese         		/*praŋ/

    Definitions[edit]

    兵

    1. weapon
    2. army; troops
    3. soldier (Classifier: 個／个)
      士兵  ―  shìbīng  ―  soldier
    4. warfare
    5. (xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier (on the red side)
    6. (chess) pawn
    7. (Cantonese) Short for 觀音兵／观音兵 (guānyīnbīng).
    8. (Philippines Hokkien) police

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (police):
    Dialectal synonyms of 警察 (“police; police officer”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 警察, 警官, 警員
    Mandarin Beijing 警察, 雷子 argot
    Taiwan 警察
    Tianjin 警察
    Tangshan 警察
    Cangzhou 民警
    Baoding 警察
    Shijiazhuang 警察
    Chifeng 警察
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 警察
    Harbin 警察
    Shenyang 警察
    Yantai (Muping) 警察
    Qingdao 警察
    Jinan 警察
    Luoyang 警察
    Wanrong 警察
    Zhengzhou 警察
    Xi'an 警察
    Yinchuan 警察
    Lanzhou 警察
    Xining 警察
    Ürümqi 警察
    Wuhan 警察
    Chengdu 警察
    Chongqing 警察
    Guiyang 警察, 警士 dated, 警士先生 dated face-to-face, 貓菜 dated nickname
    Kunming 警察
    Guilin 警察
    Liuzhou 警察, 警伯 playful
    Binyang (Nanjie) 警察, 走狗 argot
    Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) 警察
    Xuzhou 警察
    Yangzhou 警察
    Nanjing 警察
    Hefei 警察
    Nantong 警察
    Malaysia 警察, 馬打
    Singapore 警察, 馬打 dated
    Dagudi (Maliba) 警察
    Reshuitang (Longling) 警察
    Mae Salong (Lancang) 警察
    Mae Sai (Tengchong) 警察
    Cantonese Guangzhou 警察, 差人, 差佬 male, 老二 dated
    Hong Kong 警察, 差人, 阿Sir male, madam female, 差佬 male, slightly derogatory, 差婆 female, slightly derogatory, 警犬 derogatory, 狗 derogatory, 龜 derogatory
    Taishan 警察
    Dongguan 阿Sir, 差佬
    Qinzhou 警察, 差佬
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 警察, 公安
    Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 警察, 公安, 差佬
    Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 警察
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 馬打
    Singapore (Guangfu) 馬打
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 公安, 綠衣, 警察
    Móng Cái 警察, 公安
    Gan Lichuan 警察
    Hakka Meixian 警察
    Yudu 警察
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 警察
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 警察
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 警察
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 巡查, 警察
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 警察
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 巡查
    Huizhou Jixi 警察
    Shexian 警察
    Jin Taiyuan 警察
    Xinzhou 警察, 小對子 dated
    Linhe 警察
    Jining 警察
    Hohhot 警察
    Zhangjiakou 警察
    Handan 警察
    Min Dong Fuzhou 警察
    Fuqing 警察
    Matsu 警察
    Min Nan Xiamen 警察, 馬打 dated, 烏跤 dated
    Quanzhou 警察
    Zhangzhou 警察, 烏跤 dated
    Taipei 大人
    Kaohsiung 警察
    Yilan 警察
    Changhua (Lukang) 警察
    Taichung 巡查
    Taichung (Wuqi) 警察
    Tainan 大人
    Hsinchu 警察
    Kinmen 馬打
    Penghu (Magong) 大人
    Penang (Hokkien) 馬打
    Singapore (Hokkien) 馬打, 大狗
    Manila (Hokkien) 警察, 兵
    Guilin (Biyange) 警察
    Chaozhou 警察
    Shantou 警察
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 馬打
    Singapore (Teochew) 馬打, 大狗, 大狗兄
    Batam (Teochew) 馬打
    Haikou 警察
    Min Zhong Yanping (Wangtai) 警察
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 警察
    Wu Shanghai 警察, 黑貓警長, 黑貓, 老貓
    Shanghai (Chongming) 警察
    Suzhou 警察
    Danyang 警察
    Ningbo 警察, 警察爛眼 derogatory
    Wenzhou 警察
    Jinhua 警察
    Xiang Changsha 警察
    Loudi 警察

    Coordinate terms[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 兵

    See also[edit]

    Chess pieces in Chinese · 國際象棋棋子 (layout · text)
    ♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
    王 (wáng),
    國王／国王 (guówáng)     		后 (hòu),
    皇后 (huánghòu)     		車／车 (jū),
    城堡 (chéngbǎo)     		象 (xiàng),
    主教 (zhǔjiào)     		馬／马 (mǎ),
    騎士／骑士 (qíshì)     		兵 (bīng)

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    兵

    (grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    Readings[edit]

    Etymology 1[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    兵
    つわもの
    Grade: 4
    kun’yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of 兵 – see the following entry.
    【つわもの】
    [noun] a war machine; a weapon
    [noun] military ration
    [noun] a brave and strong warrior
    [noun] a stubborn person
    Alternative spelling
    強者
    (This term, 兵, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    兵
    へい
    Grade: 4
    kan’on

    From Middle Chinese 兵 (MC pˠiæŋ). The kan'on, so a later borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    兵(へい) • (hei) 

    1. a soldier
    2. a war machine; a weapon
    3. a battle, a war
    4. in the old Japanese military structure, the lowest set of ranks for a soldier: a private, corporal, lance corporal

    Etymology 3[edit]

    Kanji in this term
    兵
    ひょう
    Grade: 4
    goon

    From Middle Chinese 兵 (MC pˠiæŋ). The goon, so an earlier borrowing.

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    兵(ひょう) • (hyō) 

    1. soldier
    2. another name for 歩(ふ) (fu) in shogi
    Synonyms[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    兵 (eumhun 군사 병 (gunsa byeong))

    1. Hanja form? of 병 (“soldier”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    兵: Hán Việt readings: binh (補(bổ)明(minh)切(thiết))[1][2][3][4]
    兵: Nôm readings: binh[1][2][3][4][5][6], banh[1][3][4][5][6], bênh[1][3][7][5], bưng[1], bành[1]

    1. chữ Hán form of binh (“military troops”).

    Compounds[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Nguyễn (2014).
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Trần (2004).
    4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Bonet (1899).
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Génibrel (1898).
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
    7. ^ Hồ (1976).
    Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=兵&oldid=71792169"