禍

See also: 祸

禍	U+798D, 禍 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798D

← 禌
[U+798C]

CJK Unified Ideographs

禎 →
[U+798E]

禍	U+FA52, 禍 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA52

← 祝
[U+FA51]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

禎 →
[U+FA53]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

禍 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火月月口 (IFBBR), four-corner 3722₇, composition ⿰礻咼)

References[edit]

KangXi: page 844, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24766
Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2402, character 4
Unihan data for U+798D

Unihan data for U+FA52

Chinese[edit]

trad.		禍
simp.		祸
alternative forms		旤

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 禍
Warring States		Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (冎) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
碢	*l'oːl
腡	ɡ·roːl, kʷroːl
過	kloːl, kloːls
渦	kloːl, qloːl
鍋	*kloːl
楇	kloːl, ɡloːls
瘑	*kloːl
緺	koːl, kroːl, *kʷroːl
堝	*kloːl
濄	kloːl, qloːl
鐹	kloːlʔ, kloːls
薖	*kʰloːl
簻	kʰloːl, kr'oːl
禍	*ɡloːlʔ
窩	*qloːl
萵	*qloːl
檛	*kr'oːl
膼	*kr'oːl
蝸	kroːl, kʷroːl
媧	kroːl, kʷroːl
騧	kroːl, kʷroːl
冎	*kroːlʔ
剮	*kroːlʔ
諣	qʰroːls, qʰʷroːls
歄	*kʷroːl
咼	*kʰʷroːl
喎	*kʰʷroːl

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡloːlʔ): semantic 示 (“sacrifice”) + phonetic 咼 (OC *kʰʷroːl).

Pronunciation[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): huò (huo⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): wo⁶, wo⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fo
Jin (Wiktionary): hue³
Min Bei (KCR): huā
Min Dong (BUC): huô
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hǒ͘ / hō / ě / ē

(Teochew, Peng'im): hua⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: huò
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: huò
  - Wade–Giles: huo⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xwɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: wo⁶, wo⁵
  - Yale: woh, wóh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: wo⁶, wo⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: wo⁶, wo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /wɔː²²/, /wɔː¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fo
  - Hakka Romanization System: fo
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fo⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /fo⁵⁵/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: hue³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /xuɤ⁴⁵/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: huā
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xua⁵⁵/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: huô
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /huɔ²⁴²/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǒ͘
  - Tâi-lô: hǒo
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō
  - Tâi-lô: hō
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hoi
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ho²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ho³³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ě
  - Tâi-lô: ě
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /e²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ē
  - Tâi-lô: ē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: e
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /e³³/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /e²²/

Note:

hǒ͘/hō - literary;
ě/ē - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: hua⁶
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huă
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /hua³⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 禍
Mandarin	Beijing	/xuo⁵¹/
	Harbin	/xuo⁵³/
	Tianjin	/xuo⁵³/
	Jinan	/xuə²¹/
	Qingdao	/xuə⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/xuo³¹²/
	Xi'an	/xuo⁴⁴/
	Xining	/xu²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/xuə¹³/
	Lanzhou	/xuə¹³/
	Ürümqi	/xuɤ²¹³/
	Wuhan	/xuo³⁵/
	Chengdu	/xo¹³/
	Guiyang	/xo²¹³/
	Kunming	/xo²¹²/
	Nanjing	/xo⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/xʊ⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/xuɤ⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/xuə³⁵/
	Hohhot	/xuɤ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɦu²³/
	Suzhou	/ɦəu³¹/
	Hangzhou	/ɦo¹³/
	Wenzhou	/vu³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/xo²²/
Hui	Tunxi	/xo²⁴/
Xiang	Changsha	/xo⁵⁵/ /xo¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/ɦo²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/fo²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/fo⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan	/fo⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/wɔ²²/
	Nanning	/wɔ²²/
	Hong Kong	/wɔ²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/ho²²/ /e²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/huɔ²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/xua⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/hua³⁵/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/ho³³/ /hua³³/

Middle Chinese: /ɦuɑ^X/

Rime
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	戈 (95)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	胡果切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦuɑ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦuɑ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣuɑ^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦwa^X/
Li Rong	/ɣuɑ^X/
Wang Li	/ɣuɑ^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣuɑ^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	huò
Expected Cantonese Reflex	wo⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ʷˤajʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡloːlʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	huò
Middle Chinese	‹ hwa^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ]ʷˁajʔ/
English	calamity
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	禍
Reading #	1/1
No.	4375
Phonetic component	冎
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	禍
Old Chinese	/*ɡloːlʔ/

Definitions[edit]

禍

disaster; misfortune; calamity
- 禍兮福之所倚，福兮禍之所伏 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  祸兮福之所倚，福兮祸之所伏 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE
  huò xī fú zhī suǒ yǐ, fú xī huò zhī suǒ fú [Pinyin]
  Misery! - happiness is to be found by its side! Happiness! - misery lurks beneath it!
to bring disaster upon

Synonyms[edit]

(disaster):

edit

Synonyms of 禍

亂兒／乱儿 (luànr) (dialectal)
人禍／人祸 (rénhuò) (man-made disaster)
劫 (jié) (Buddhism)
劫煞 (Min Nan)
劫難／劫难 (jiénàn)
厄 (è) (literary, or in compounds)
大禍／大祸 (dàhuò) (major catastrophe)
大難／大难 (dànàn) (major catastrophe)
天災／天灾 (tiānzāi) (natural disaster)
央厄 (yāng'è) (literary)
奇禍／奇祸 (qíhuò) (literary, unexpected disaster)

巨禍／巨祸 (jùhuò) (literary)
慘事／惨事 (cǎnshì)
慘劇／惨剧 (cǎnjù)
慘禍／惨祸 (cǎnhuò) (tragic accident)
沙𧐔 (Teochew)
浩劫 (hàojié)
災劫／灾劫 (zāijié) (literary)
災厄／灾厄 (zāi'è) (literary)
災害／灾害 (zāihài)
災殃／灾殃 (zāiyāng)

災禍／灾祸 (zāihuò)
災變／灾变 (zāibiàn) (literary, natural disaster)
災難／灾难 (zāinàn)
癰疽／痈疽 (yōngjū) (figurative)
眚沴 (shěnglì) (literary)
禍事／祸事 (huòshì)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)
禍息／祸息 (Xiang)
禍患／祸患 (huòhuàn)
禍殃／祸殃 (huòyāng)

(to bring disaster upon):

edit

Synonyms of 禍

傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
危及 (wēijí)
危害 (wēihài)
妨害 (fánghài)

損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
損害／损害 (sǔnhài)

暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

Antonyms[edit]

(disaster): (literary, or in compounds) 福 (fú)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 禍

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	禍
Kyūjitai	禍

Kanji[edit]

禍

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 禍)

Calamity

Readings[edit]

Go-on: が (ga)^{←ぐわ (gwa, historical)}; わ (wa)
Kan-on: か (ka, Jōyō)^{←くわ (kwa, historical)}
Kun: わざわい (wazawai, 禍い)^{←わざはひ (wazafafi, historical)}

Noun[edit]

禍(わざわい) • (wazawai)

Alternative form of 災い

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

禍 • (hwa) (hangeul 화, revised hwa, McCune–Reischauer hwa, Yale hwa)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.