福

福	U+798F, 福 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-798F

福	U+FA1B, 福 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1B

← 祥
[U+FA1A]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs

靖 →
[U+FA1C]

福	U+2F956, 福 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F956

← 𥛅
[U+2F955]

CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement

秫 →
[U+2F957]

Translingual[edit]

Stroke order

Han character[edit]

福 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 戈火一口田 (IFMRW), four-corner 3126₆, composition ⿰礻畐(GHTJV) or ⿰示畐(K))

Wikimedia Commons has more media related to: 福

References[edit]

KangXi: page 845, character 2
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24768
Dae Jaweon: page 1265, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2404, character 3
Unihan data for U+798F

Unihan data for U+FA1B

Unihan data for U+2F956

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.		福
alternative forms		畗茀

Wikipedia has articles on:

福 (Written Standard Chinese^?)
福 (Cantonese)

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 福
Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions	Chu slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (畐) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
富	*pɯɡs
輻	pɯɡs, pɯɡ
副	pʰɯɡs, pʰrɯɡ, *pʰɯɡ
褔	*pʰɯɡs
蔔	*bɯːɡ
匐	bɯːɡ, bɯɡ
逼	*prɯɡ
偪	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
幅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
楅	prɯɡ, pɯɡ
湢	*prɯɡ
堛	*pʰrɯɡ
愊	*pʰrɯɡ
踾	pʰrɯɡ, brɯɡ, *pɯɡ
揊	*pʰrɯɡ
稫	*pʰrɯɡ
畐	pʰrɯɡ, bɯɡ
疈	*pʰrɯɡ
腷	*brɯɡ
鶝	brɯɡ, pɯɡ
福	*pɯɡ
蝠	*pɯɡ
葍	*pɯɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pɯɡ): semantic 示 + phonetic 畐 (OC *pʰrɯɡ, *bɯɡ).

Etymology[edit]

Proto-Sino-Tibetan [Term?]. Cognate with 富 (OC *pɯɡs, “rich”), Tibetan ཕྱུགས (phyugs, “livestock”).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fú (fu²)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese
(Guangzhou, Jyutping): fuk¹

(Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): fuk

(Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁵
Jin (Wiktionary): feh⁴
Min Bei (KCR): hŭ
Min Dong (BUC): hók
Min Nan
(Hokkien, POJ): hok

(Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴
Wu (Wiktionary): foq (T4)

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fú
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fwu
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fú
  - Wade–Giles: fu²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fuk¹
  - Yale: fūk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: fug¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: fuuk²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚⁵⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fuk
  - Hakka Romanization System: fug`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fuk̚²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: fug⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: feh⁴
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /fəʔ²/
Min Bei
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xu²⁴/
Min Dong
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /houʔ²⁴/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
  - Tâi-lô: hok
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hog
  - IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hog⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²/
Wu
- (Shanghainese)
  - Wiktionary: foq (T4)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: /pɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	福
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	方六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/piuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/piuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/puwk̚/
Li Rong	/piuk̚/
Wang Li	/pĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*pək/

(Zhengzhang): /*pɯɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	福
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fú
Middle Chinese	‹ pjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*pək/
English	blessing
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	福
Reading #	1/1
No.	3395
Phonetic component	畐
Rime group	職
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	福
Old Chinese	/*pɯɡ/

Definitions[edit]

福

blessing; happiness; prosperity; good fortune
口福 ― kǒufú ― gourmet's luck

享福 ― xiǎngfú ― to enjoy a happy life

托你的福 ― tuō nǐ de fú ― thanks to you

禍福相依 / 祸福相依 ― huòfúxiàngyī ― (please add an English translation of this example)

福如東海 / 福如东海 ― fúrúdōnghǎi ― to have boundless happiness
- 彌月不遲，是生后稷，降之百福。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  弥月不迟，是生后稷，降之百福。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, circa 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Míyuè bù chí, shì shēng Hòujì, jiàng zhī bǎi fú. [Pinyin]
  Immediately, when her months were fulfilled,
  She gave birth to Hou-ji.
  On him were conferred all blessings.
(obsolete) to bless
- 小信未孚，神弗福也。 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, circa 4^th century BCE
  Xiǎoxìn wèi fú, shén fú fú yě. [Pinyin]
  Such paltry faith wins no trust. The gods will not bless you.
Short for 福建 (Fújiàn, “Fujian”).
A surname. Fu.

Synonyms[edit]

(blessing): 幸福 (xìngfú)
(good fortune):

edit

Synonyms of 福

好字運／好字运 (Min Nan)
好彩 (hǎocǎi) (obsolete or Cantonese, Hakka)
好運／好运 (hǎoyùn)
幸運／幸运 (xìngyùn)

機緣／机缘 (jīyuán)
福分 (fúfèn)
福氣／福气 (fúqi)
福澤／福泽 (fúzé)

福祉 (fúzhǐ) (literary)
福祚 (fúzuò) (literary)
福運／福运 (Min Nan)
造化 (zàohua)

Antonyms[edit]

(blessing): (literary, or in compounds) 禍／祸 (huò)

Compounds[edit]

Derived terms from 福

Descendants[edit]

Sino-Xenic (福):

→ Japanese: 福(ふく) (fuku)
→ Korean: 복 (福, bok)
→ Vietnamese: phúc (福), phước (福)

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Mandarin
(Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): fu³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: fù
  - Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
  - Tongyong Pinyin: fù
  - Wade–Giles: fu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: fu³
  - Yale: fu
  - Cantonese Pinyin: fu³
  - Guangdong Romanization: fu³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuː³³/

Middle Chinese: /pʰɨu^H/

Rime
Character	福
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	敷救切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨu^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiu^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiəu^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuw^H/
Li Rong	/pʰiu^H/
Wang Li	/pʰĭəu^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯ə̯u^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fòu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fau³

Definitions[edit]

福

^† to store; to garner
^† to conform to; to fit in with

References[edit]

“福”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai	福
Kyūjitai	福

Kanji[edit]

福

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 福)

good fortune, good luck

Readings[edit]

Go-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
Kan-on: ふく (fuku, Jōyō)
Kun: さいわい (saiwai, 福い)^{←さいはひ (saifafi, historical)}
Nanori: さき (saki); さち (sachi); たる (taru); とし (toshi); とみ (tomi); ふ (fu); ふき (fuki); ぼく (boku); むら (mura); もと (moto); よ (yo); よし (yoshi)

Compounds[edit]

Compounds

福(ふく)祉(し) (fukushi)
福(ふく)相(そう) (fukusō)
福(ふく)徳(とく) (fukutoku)
福(ふく)利(り) (fukuri)
福(ふく)禄(ろく) (fukuroku)
福(ふく)禄(ろく)寿(じゅ) (Fukurokuju): Fukurokuju; one of the seven gods of good fortune
禍(か)福(ふく) (kafuku)
幸(こう)福(ふく) (kōfuku, “happiness”)
至(し)福(ふく) (shifuku)
祝(しゅく)福(ふく) (shukufuku)
浄(じょう)福(ふく) (jōfuku)
清(せい)福(ふく) (seifuku)
多(た)福(ふく) (tafuku)
追(つい)福(ふく) (tsuifuku)
万(ばん)福(ぷく) (banpuku), 万(まん)福(ぷく) (manpuku)
冥(みょう)福(ふく) (myōfuku), 冥(めい)福(ふく) (meifuku)
裕(ゆう)福(ふく) (yūfuku)

Etymology[edit]

Kanji in this term
福
ふく Grade: 3
on’yomi

Alternative spelling
福 (kyūjitai)

From Middle Chinese 福 (MC pɨuk̚).

Pronunciation[edit]

On’yomi

(Tokyo) ふく [fùkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟ᵝkɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun[edit]

福(ふく) • (fuku)

good luck, good fortune
Synonym: 幸運 (kōun)

Antonym: 禍 (ka)
happiness
(Shinto, Buddhism) a blessing

Derived terms[edit]

Adjective[edit]

福(ふく) • (fuku) -na (adnominal 福(ふく)な (fuku na), adverbial 福(ふく)に (fuku ni))

wealthy

Inflection[edit]

Inflection of 福

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形)	福だろ	ふくだろ	fuku daro
Continuative (連用形)	福で	ふくで	fuku de
Terminal (終止形)	福だ	ふくだ	fuku da
Attributive (連体形)	福な	ふくな	fuku na
Hypothetical (仮定形)	福なら	ふくなら	fuku nara
Imperative (命令形)	福であれ	ふくであれ	fuku de are
Key constructions
Informal negative	福ではない福じゃない	ふくではないふくじゃない	fuku de wa nai fuku ja nai
Informal past	福だった	ふくだった	fuku datta
Informal negative past	福ではなかった福じゃなかった	ふくではなかったふくじゃなかった	fuku de wa nakatta fuku ja nakatta
Formal	福です	ふくです	fuku desu
Formal negative	福ではありません福じゃありません	ふくではありませんふくじゃありません	fuku de wa arimasen fuku ja arimasen
Formal past	福でした	ふくでした	fuku deshita
Formal negative past	福ではありませんでした福じゃありませんでした	ふくではありませんでしたふくじゃありませんでした	fuku de wa arimasen deshita fuku ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive	福で	ふくで	fuku de
Conditional	福なら（ば）	ふくなら（ば）	fuku nara (ba)
Provisional	福だったら	ふくだったら	fuku dattara
Volitional	福だろう	ふくだろう	fuku darō
Adverbial	福に	ふくに	fuku ni
Degree	福さ	ふくさ	fukusa

Proper noun[edit]

福(ふく) • (Fuku)

a placename
a surname
a female given name

Affix[edit]

福(ふく) • (fuku)

Short for 福岡 (Fukuoka, “Fukuoka (a province of Japan)”).

References[edit]

^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

福 (eumhun 복 복 (bok bok))

Hanja form^? of 복 (“fortune”).