福建

Chinese

		good fortune; happiness; luck good fortune; happiness; luck; Fujian province (abbrev.); surname	to establish; to found; to set up to establish; to found; to set up; to build; to construct
simp. and trad. (福建)		福	建

Etymology

Short for 福州 (Fúzhōu) + 建州 (Jiànzhōu), two ancient prefectures. The name was first coined in 733 CE by the Tang dynasty court with the establishment of the Fujian Military Commission (福建經略使).

Ultimately from:

• 福州 (Fúzhōu, “Fuzhou”), named after Mount Fu 福山 (Fúshān).
• 建州 (Jiànzhōu, “Jianzhou”), derived from 建安 (Jiàn'ān, “Jian'an”), originally named after the Jian'an era (196 CE) of Emperor Xian of Han.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): Fújiàn

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fuk¹ gin³

  (Taishan, Wiktionary): fuuk² gen⁵

• Gan (Wiktionary): fuh⁶ jien
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): Fuk-kien / Fuk-kian

  (Hailu, HRS): fug gien^ˇ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): fug⁵ gian⁴

• Eastern Min (BUC): Hók-gióng
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): horh⁶ goeng⁴ / horh⁶ gyoeng⁴
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): Hok-kiàn

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁷foq-ci₅ / ⁷foq-cie₅

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: Fújiàn
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˊ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: Fújiàn
    • Wade–Giles: Fu²-chien⁴
    • Yale: Fú-jyàn
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Fwujiann
    • Palladius: Фуцзянь (Fuczjanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu³⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fuk¹ gin³
    • Yale: fūk gin
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷ gin³
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug¹ gin³
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵ kiːn³³/
  • (Taishanese, Taicheng)
    • Wiktionary: fuuk² gen⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fɵk̚⁵⁵ ken³²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: fuh⁶ jien
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fuʔ⁵ t͡ɕiɛn²/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kien
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gien
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯en⁵⁵/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Fuk-kian
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug^ˋ gian
    • Hagfa Pinyim: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk̚² ki̯an⁵⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: fug gien^ˇ
    • Sinological IPA: /fuk⁵⁻² kien¹¹/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: fug⁵ gian⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /fʊk̚¹ kian⁵³/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: Hók-gióng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /huʔ²⁴⁻⁵⁵ kyɔŋ²¹³/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ goeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ goeng⁴]
    • Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: Ho̤h-ge̤̍ng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ kœŋ⁴²/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: horh⁶ gyoeng⁴ [Phonetic: horh⁷ gyoeng⁴]
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɒʔ²⁻⁴ kyøŋ⁴²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese, Kinmen, Penang, Klang, Singapore)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Hok-kiàn
    • Tâi-lô: Hok-kiàn
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hokkiexn
    • Sinological IPA (Longyan): /hok̚⁵⁻³⁴ kiɛn²¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn¹¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Singapore): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Klang): /hɔk̚⁵³⁻⁵⁴ kiɛn³¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ kiɛn⁴¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Kinmen): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵⁴ kiɛn¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Penang): /hɔk̚³⁻⁴ kiɛn²¹/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²⁻⁵ kiɛn²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hog⁴ giêng³ / hog⁴ giang³
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok kièng / hok kiàng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hok̚²⁻⁴ kieŋ²¹³/, /hok̚²⁻⁴ kiaŋ²¹³/

Note:

• hog4 giêng3 - Chaozhou;
• hog4 giang3 - Shantou.

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷foq-ci₅
    • MiniDict: foh^入 ci^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴foq-ji₂
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ³³ t͡ɕi⁴⁴/
  • (Northern: Jiaxing)
    • Wugniu: ⁷foq-cie₅
    • MiniDict: foh^入 cie^去
    • Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /foʔ⁵⁵ t͡ɕie²¹/

Proper noun

福建

1. (～省) Fujian (a geographic region consisting of two provinces in East Asia both known as Fujian, one in mainland China (PRC) and the other in Taiwan (ROC); formerly a single province)

Usage notes

Kinmen (Quemoy) and Lienchiang (Matsu) counties, offshore island groups governed by the Republic of China (Taiwan), are excluded or included based on the context.

Derived terms

• 福建人 (Fújiànrén)
• 福建子
• 福建幫 / 福建帮 (fújiànbāng)
• 福建水師 / 福建水师 (Fújiàn Shuǐshī)
• 福建炒飯 / 福建炒饭 (Fújiàn chǎofàn)
• 福建船 (fújiànchuán)
• 福建話 / 福建话 (Fújiànhuà)
• 福建麵 / 福建面 (Fújiànmiàn)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (福建):

• → Japanese: 福(ふっ)建(けん) (Fukken)
• → Okinawan: 福(ふ)建(ちゃん) (Fuchan)
• → Korean: 복건(福建) (Bokgeon)
• → Vietnamese: Phúc Kiến (福建)

Others:

• → English: Fujian, Fuhkien, Fukien, Fu-chien, Fookien, Fokien, Hokkien
• → Georgian: ფუძიენი (puʒieni)
• → Khmer: ហុកកៀន (hokkiən)
• → Korean: 푸젠 (Pujen)
• → Malay: Fujian, Hokkien, Hokkian
• → Manchu: ᡶᡠᡤᡳᠶᠠᠨ (fugiyan)
• → Russian: Фуцзя́нь (Fuczjánʹ), фуцзя́нец (fuczjánec)
• → Spanish: Fujian, Fokien, Fukién
• → Tagalog: Fukien, Hokkien
• → Thai: ฝูเจี้ยน, ฮกเกี้ยน

Japanese

Kanji in this term
福	建
ふく > ふっ Grade: 3	けん Grade: 4
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
福建 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ɸɯ̟k̚kẽ̞ɴ]
• (Tokyo) ふっけん [fúꜜkkèǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])

Proper noun

福(ふっ)建(けん) • (Fukken) 

1. Fujian (a geographic region consisting of two provinces in East Asia both known as Fujian, one in mainland China (PRC) and the other in Taiwan (ROC); formerly a single province)

Derived terms

• 福(ふっ)建(けん)語(ご) (fukkengo)

Korean

Hanja in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建 • (bokgeon) (hangeul 복건)

1. hanja form^? of 복건 : Fujian (a geographic region consisting of two provinces in East Asia both known as Fujian, one in mainland China (PRC) and the other in Taiwan (ROC); formerly a single province)

Okinawan

Kanji in this term
福	建
Grade: 3	Grade: 4

Alternative spelling
福建 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɸut͡ɕaŋ̍/

Proper noun

福建(ふちゃん) (Fuchan) 

1. Fujian (a geographic region consisting of two provinces in East Asia both known as Fujian, one in mainland China (PRC) and the other in Taiwan (ROC); formerly a single province)

References

• “フチャン” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
• Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963), 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
福	建

Proper noun

福建

1. chữ Hán form of Phúc Kiến: Fujian (a geographic region consisting of two provinces in East Asia both known as Fujian, one in mainland China (PRC) and the other in Taiwan (ROC); formerly a single province)