頑強
Appearance
See also: 顽强
Chinese
[edit]mischievous; obstinate; to play mischievous; obstinate; to play; stupid; stubborn; naughty |
strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better | ||
---|---|---|---|
trad. (頑強) | 頑 | 強 | |
simp. (顽强) | 顽 | 强 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): waan4 koeng4
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): goân-kiông / goân-kiâng / oán-kiông
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄨㄢˊ ㄑㄧㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: wánciáng
- Wade–Giles: wan2-chʻiang2
- Yale: wán-chyáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wanchyang
- Palladius: ваньцян (vanʹcjan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /wän³⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: waan4 koeng4
- Yale: wàahn kèuhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: waan4 koeng4
- Guangdong Romanization: wan4 kêng4
- Sinological IPA (key): /waːn²¹ kʰœːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-kiông
- Tâi-lô: guân-kiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: goankioong
- IPA (Quanzhou, Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² kiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-kiâng
- Tâi-lô: guân-kiâng
- Phofsit Daibuun: goankiaang
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡuan¹³⁻²² kiaŋ¹³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oán-kiông
- Tâi-lô: uán-kiông
- Phofsit Daibuun: oafnkioong
- IPA (Quanzhou): /uan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kiɔŋ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
Adjective
[edit]頑強
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Japanese
[edit]Kanji in this term | |
---|---|
頑 | 強 |
がん Grade: S |
きょう Grade: 2 |
on'yomi |
Etymology
[edit]/ɡwankjau/ → /ɡwankjɔː/ → /ɡwankjoː/ → /ɡankjoː/
Probably from Middle Chinese compound 頑強/顽强 (ŋuan gǐaŋ, literally “obstinate + strong”). Compare modern Cantonese reading waan4 koeng4, Mandarin wánqiáng.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]頑強 • (gankyō) ←ぐわんきやう (gwankyau)?-na (adnominal 頑強な (gankyō na), adverbial 頑強に (gankyō ni))
Inflection
[edit]Inflection of 頑強
Stem forms | |||
---|---|---|---|
Imperfective (未然形) | 頑強だろ | がんきょうだろ | gankyō daro |
Continuative (連用形) | 頑強で | がんきょうで | gankyō de |
Terminal (終止形) | 頑強だ | がんきょうだ | gankyō da |
Attributive (連体形) | 頑強な | がんきょうな | gankyō na |
Hypothetical (仮定形) | 頑強なら | がんきょうなら | gankyō nara |
Imperative (命令形) | 頑強であれ | がんきょうであれ | gankyō de are |
Key constructions | |||
Informal negative | 頑強ではない 頑強じゃない |
がんきょうではない がんきょうじゃない |
gankyō de wa nai gankyō ja nai |
Informal past | 頑強だった | がんきょうだった | gankyō datta |
Informal negative past | 頑強ではなかった 頑強じゃなかった |
がんきょうではなかった がんきょうじゃなかった |
gankyō de wa nakatta gankyō ja nakatta |
Formal | 頑強です | がんきょうです | gankyō desu |
Formal negative | 頑強ではありません 頑強じゃありません |
がんきょうではありません がんきょうじゃありません |
gankyō de wa arimasen gankyō ja arimasen |
Formal past | 頑強でした | がんきょうでした | gankyō deshita |
Formal negative past | 頑強ではありませんでした 頑強じゃありませんでした |
がんきょうではありませんでした がんきょうじゃありませんでした |
gankyō de wa arimasen deshita gankyō ja arimasen deshita |
Conjunctive | 頑強で | がんきょうで | gankyō de |
Conditional | 頑強なら(ば) | がんきょうなら(ば) | gankyō nara (ba) |
Provisional | 頑強だったら | がんきょうだったら | gankyō dattara |
Volitional | 頑強だろう | がんきょうだろう | gankyō darō |
Adverbial | 頑強に | がんきょうに | gankyō ni |
Degree | 頑強さ | がんきょうさ | gankyōsa |
References
[edit]Categories:
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese adjectives
- Mandarin adjectives
- Cantonese adjectives
- Hokkien adjectives
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 頑
- Chinese terms spelled with 強
- Mandarin terms with usage examples
- Intermediate Mandarin
- Japanese terms spelled with 頑 read as がん
- Japanese terms spelled with 強 read as きょう
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese adjectives
- Japanese terms historically spelled with わ
- Japanese な-na adjectives
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji