壓

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See also: 压 and 圧
壓 U+58D3, 壓
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D3
← 壒
[U+58D2] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壔 →
[U+58D4]

Translingual[edit]

Traditional 壓
Shinjitai 圧
Simplified 压

Han character[edit]

壓 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 一大土 (MKG), four-corner 71214, composition ⿸厭土(GHT) or ⿱厭土(JKV))

Derived characters[edit]

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5557
  • Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 33
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 495, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+58D3

Chinese[edit]

trad. 壓
simp. 压

Glyph origin[edit]

Characters in the same phonetic series (猒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猒 *qem, *qems
懕 *qem
饜 *qem, *qems
嬮 *qem, *qems, *qeb
厭 *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb
黶 *qemʔ
檿 *qemʔ
魘 *qemʔ, *qeb
厴 *qemʔ
擪 *qemʔ, *qeb
壓 *qreːb
靨 *qeb

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qreːb) : phonetic 厭 (OC *qemʔ, *qems, *qeb) + semantic 土 (“dust”).

Etymology 1[edit]

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Note: yà - only used in 壓根 (Mainland standard).
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
  • ă̤ - vernacular;
  • ă - literary.
Note:
  • dáh - vernacular;
  • ák - literary.
Note:
  • ah - vernacular (“to press and draw; to scrape; to suppress (Taiwan)”);
  • ap - literary.
Note:
  • iab4/iag4 - literary (iag4 - Chenghai);
  • dêh4 - vernacular (俗), also written as 硩.
Rime
Character 壓
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 影 (34)
Final (韻) 銜 (150)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 烏甲切
Baxter 'aep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ʔˠap̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʔᵚap̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ʔap̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʔaɨp̚/
Li
Rong 		/ʔap̚/
Wang
Li 		/ap̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/ʔap̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ya
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		aap3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 壓
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yā
Middle
Chinese 		‹ ʔæp ›
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔˁrep/
English press down

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 壓
Reading # 1/1
No. 14430
Phonetic
component 		猒
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		鴨
Old
Chinese 		/*qreːb/
Definitions[edit]

壓

  1. to press; to push down
    壓碎／压碎  ―  yāsuì  ―  to crush to pieces
    我的腿被石頭壓住了。 [MSC, trad.]
    我的腿被石头压住了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ de tuǐ bèi shítou yā zhù le. [Pinyin]
    My legs were held down by rocks.
    最近被工作壓得喘不過氣來。 [MSC, trad.]
    最近被工作压得喘不过气来。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuìjìn bèi gōngzuò yā de chuǎn bù guò qì lái. [Pinyin]
    I've been so stressed by work lately that it almost makes me out of breath.
  2. to keep under control; to control
    壓住怒火／压住怒火  ―  yā zhù nùhuǒ  ―  to control one's anger
  3. to suppress; to bring pressure on; to intimidate
    鎮壓／镇压  ―  zhènyā  ―  to suppress
  4. to approach; to draw near; to close in on
    大軍壓境／大军压境  ―  dàjūnyājìng  ―  the army is bearing down in force
  5. to surpass; to prevail over
  6. to shelve; to lay aside
  7. to risk; to stake
    alt. forms: 押 (yā)
  8. (physics) pressure
    加壓／加压  ―  jiāyā  ―  to raise pressure
    血壓／血压  ―  xuèyā  ―  blood pressure
    電壓／电压  ―  diànyā  ―  voltage
  9. Used in 壓根兒／压根儿 (yàgēnr, “in the first place”).
  10. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to press and draw (a line)
  11. (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to scrape or pare off horizontally
Synonyms[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 壓 (“to press down on”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 壓
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 壓
Mandarin Beijing 壓
Taiwan 壓
Jinan 壓
Xi'an 壓
Wuhan 壓
Chengdu 壓, 榨
Guilin 壓
Yangzhou 磕, 壓
Singapore 壓
Cantonese Guangzhou 矺, 壓
Hong Kong 矺, 壓
Yangjiang 㩒, 扎, 壓
Nanning 矺
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 矺
Gan Nanchang 矺, 壓
Hakka Meixian 矺
Huidong (Daling) 矺
Dongguan (Qingxi) 矺
Wuhua (Huacheng) 矺
Heyuan (Bendihua) 矺
Wengyuan 矺
Liannan 矺
Jiexi 矺
Luhe 矺
Changting 矺
Wuping 矺
Wuping (Yanqian) 矺
Wuping (Pingyu) 矺
Liancheng 矺
Ninghua 矺
Ningdu 矺
Ruijin 矺
Shicheng 矺
Shangyou (Shexi) 矺
Tonggu (Sandu) 矺
Dayu 矺
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 矺
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 矺
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 矺
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 矺
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 矺
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 矺
Hong Kong 矺
Mengshan (Xihe) 矺
Senai (Huiyang) 矺
Northern Min Jian'ou 壓
Eastern Min Fuzhou 矺
Changle 矺
Fuqing 矺
Yongtai 矺
Gutian 矺
Fu'an 矺
Ningde 矺
Shouning 矺
Zhouning 矺
Fuding 矺
Southern Min Xiamen 硩
Xiamen (Tong'an) 硩
Quanzhou 硩
Jinjiang 硩
Zhangzhou 硩
Tainan 硩
Penang (Hokkien) 硩
Singapore (Hokkien) 硩
Manila (Hokkien) 硩
Chaozhou 硩
Shantou 硩
Shantou (Chenghai) 硩
Jieyang 硩
Lufeng 硩
Haifeng 硩
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 硩
Leizhou 硩
Haikou 硩
Wu Shanghai 壓
Suzhou 壓
Wenzhou 榨, 塸, 壓
Xiang Changsha 壓
Shuangfeng 榨
Compounds[edit]

Pronunciation 2[edit]

Definitions[edit]

壓

  1. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to separate; to set apart
  2. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to gather together; to collect

Etymology 2[edit]

For pronunciation and definitions of 壓 – see 硩 (“to pick; to smash up; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 硩).

Japanese[edit]

Shinjitai

圧

Kyūjitai

壓

Kanji[edit]

壓

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 圧)

  1. pressure

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

壓 (eumhun 누를 압 (nureul ap))

  1. Hanja form? of 압 (“pressure”).

Compounds[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

壓: Hán Nôm readings: áp, ếm

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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