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汗

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
汗 U+6C57, 汗
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C57
← 汖
[U+6C56] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 汘 →
[U+6C58]

Translingual

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Han character

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汗 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 水一十 (EMJ), four-corner 31140, composition ⿰氵干)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 605, character 11
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17130
  • Dae Jaweon: page 999, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1550, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+6C57

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 汗

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns): semantic 水 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-(k/ŋ)rul (“sweat”). Compare Tibetan རྔུལ (rngul, “sweat”), Burmese ချွေး (hkywe:, “sweat”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gâng - vernacular;
  • hâng - literary.
Note:
  • gua5/guo5/guann5 - varnacular;
  • hang5 - literary.
Note:
  • kōaⁿ - vernacular;
  • hān - literary.
Note:
  • guan7 - vernacular;
  • hang2 - literary.
Note:
  • han5 - vernacular;
  • han4 - literary.
    Rime
    Character 汗
    Reading # 3/3
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 侯旰切
    Baxter hanH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦɑnH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦɑnH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɑnH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦanH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɑnH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɑnH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣɑnH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hàn
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hon6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 汗
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		hàn
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hanH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*Cə.[ɡ]ˁa[r]-s/
    English sweat (n.)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 汗
    Reading # 3/3
    No. 3616
    Phonetic
    component         		干
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		翰
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡaːns/

    Definitions

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    汗

    1. sweat; perspiration (Classifier: 滴 m c)
      我正流著汗。／我正流着汗。  ―  Wǒ zhèng liú zhe hàn.  ―  I'm dripping with sweat.
      出了一頭大汗／出了一头大汗  ―  chū le yī tóu dà hàn  ―  to sweat so much that the head is drenched
      他去跑步流了一身汗。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]
      Tā qù pǎobù liú le yī shēn hàn. [Pinyin]
      He is drenched in sweat after running.
    2. (literary, or in compounds) to sweat; to perspire
    3. (literary) condensation on bamboo when put over fire
    4. used in 汗漫
    5. (Internet slang) Word used to express embarrassment, speechlessness or helplessness.
    6. a surname, Han
    Synonyms
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    • (perspiration): 汗水 (hànshuǐ)
    • (to sweat):

    Compounds

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    Descendants

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    • → Zhuang: hanh

    Etymology 2

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    Pronunciation

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    Rime
    Character 汗
    Reading # 1/3
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 胡安切
    Baxter han
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦan/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣɑn/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		hán
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		hon4
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 汗
    Reading # 2/3
    No. 3612
    Phonetic
    component         		干
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		寒
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɡaːn/

    Definitions

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    汗

    1. short for 可汗 (kèhán)
      蒙古大汗  ―  Měnggǔ dàhán  ―  Mongol Khagan
    2. a surname, Han

    Compounds

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    Etymology 3

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    Pronunciation

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    Rime
    Character 汗
    Reading # 2/3
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古寒切
    Baxter kan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kan/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑn/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gon1
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 汗
    Reading # 1/3
    No. 3573
    Phonetic
    component         		干
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		干
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːn/

    Definitions

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    汗

    1. only used in 餘汗／馀汗

    Further reading

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    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    汗

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. sweat

    Readings

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    • Go-on: がん (gan)
    • Kan-on: かん (kan, Jōyō)
    • Kun: あせ (ase, 汗, Jōyō)

    Etymology 1

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    From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *asya.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    汗(あせ) • (ase) 

    1. sweat
      汗(あせ)を拭(ふ)く ― ase o fuku ― to wipe (away) one's sweat
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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    Kanji in this term
    汗
    かん
    Grade: S
    on'yomi

    From Middle Chinese 汗 (MC han|kan|hanH).

    Pronunciation

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    Affix

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    汗(かん) • (kan) 

    1. sweat

    Noun

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    汗(かん) • (kan) 

    1. Synonym of ハン (han): khan

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “あせ 【汗】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
    2. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
    3. ^ Nakai, Yukihiko, editor (2002), 京阪系アクセント辞典 [A Dictionary of Tone on Words of the Keihan-type Dialects] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Bensei, →ISBN
    4. ^ “かん 【汗】Paid subscription required”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
    5. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

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    Hanja

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    汗 (eum 한 (han))

    1. (땀 한, ttam-): sweat
    2. (물 질펀할 한, mul-jilpeonhal-): flood
    3. (되 임금 한, doe-imgeum-): khan

    Synonyms

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    Compounds

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    See also

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    Okinawan

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    Kanji

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    汗

    (Jōyō kanji)

    Readings

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    Noun

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    汗(あし) (ashi) 

    1. sweat

    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    汗: Hán Nôm readings: cạn, hãn, khan

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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