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U+4E14, 且
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E14

[U+4E13]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E15]
Commons:Category
Commons:Category
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Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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(Kangxi radical 1, +4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM), four-corner 77100, composition or 𠀃𠄠)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №494

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29
  • Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 15, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E14

Further reading

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Chinese Wikisource has digitized text of the Kangxi Dictionary entry for :
[[wikisource:zh:康熙字典/一部/四畫#且|一部/四畫]]

Wikisource

Bailang

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Noun

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(*tsɑʔ)

  1. Sun

References

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  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017) “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient[1], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
alternative forms 𠀇
𠀃

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts



References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Pictogram (象形) . Multiple interpretations:

  • A sacrificial vessel used for chopping and holding meat, as viewed from above (Wang, 1923) – original form of (OC *ʔsraʔ).
  • An erect penis, the symbol of the male ancestor (Guo, 1931) – original form of (OC *ʔsaːʔ).
  • A stone altar – original form of (OC *ʔsaːʔ).

In the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, this character was commonly used as (OC *ʔsaːʔ). Usage as (OC *ʔsraʔ) is not attested until the Warring States period in the bamboo script.

Etymology

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“and; also; almost; be going to”
Cognate with (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • 2qia - vernacular;
  • 2qi - literary.

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Initial () (14)
    Final () (100)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tshjaeX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡sʰiaX/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sʰĭaX/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡sʰi̯aX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    qiě
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    ce2
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    qiě
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tshjæX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[tsʰ]Aʔ/
    English moreover

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    No. 10379
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*sʰjaːʔ/

    Definitions

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    1. this
    2. almost; nearly
    3. be going to; will; shall
    4. just; for the time being
    5. even (used for emphasis, often with a hypothetical extreme scenario)
    6. (dialectal Mandarin) for a long time
      會兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      会儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhè shuǐ tài tàng, qiě děi liàng huǐr ne. [Pinyin]
      This water is so hot; [it] need to be left alone to cool down for a long time.
      活兒 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
      活儿 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
      Zhèi huór qiě gàn bu wán ne. [Pinyin]
      There's still a lot of work to do .
    7. and; also (for juxtaposition)
        ―  érqiě  ―  and; but also
      演講簡短切中要害 [MSC, trad.]
      演讲简短切中要害 [MSC, simp.]
      Tā de yǎnjiǎng jiǎnduǎn qiě qièzhòng yàohài. [Pinyin]
      His speech was short and to the point.
    8. both ... and ...
    9. or (to list alternatives)
    10. moreover (to indicate progression)
    11. if; assuming (to indicate hypotheticality)
    12. sentence-initial or sentence-medial modal particle
    13. a surname

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 2

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    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Initial () (13)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter tsjo
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /t͡sɨʌ/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /t͡siɔ/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /t͡siɔ/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /t͡sɨə̆/
    Li
    Rong
    /t͡siɔ/
    Wang
    Li
    /t͡sĭo/
    Bernard
    Karlgren
    /t͡si̯wo/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    zeoi1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ tsjo ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*tsa/
    English [final particle]

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 2/2
    No. 10413
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ʔsa/

    Definitions

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    1. Alternative form of (, chopping board)
    2. many; numerous; flourishing
    3. sixth month in the lunar calendar
    4. sentence-final modal particle
    5. Alternative form of (steed)

    Compounds

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    Pronunciation 3

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    Definitions

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    1. Alternative form of (, to go to)

    Pronunciation 4

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    Definitions

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    1. Only used in 次且 (“hesitant in walking”).

    Pronunciation 5

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    For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“ancestor; forebear; forefather; grandparent; grandfather or grandmother; etc.”).
    (This character is an ancient form of ).

    Japanese

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    Kanji

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    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. moreover
    2. also
    3. furthermore

    Readings

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    • Go-on: しゃ (sha)しょ (sho) (zo)
    • Kan-on: しゃ (sha)しょ (sho) (so)
    • Kan’yō-on: しょ (sho)
    • Kun: かつ (katsu, 且つ, Jōyō)

    Compounds

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Korean

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    Etymology 1

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun (tto cha))

    1. hanja form? of (moreover; also)

    Compounds

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    Etymology 2

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 도마 (doma jo))

    1. Alternative form of (hanja form? of (a sacrificial altar; a cutting board, a chopping board))

    Etymology 3

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    Hanja

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    (eumhun 공경할 (gonggyeonghal jeo))

    1. (obsolete) hanja form? of (respect)

    References

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    Vietnamese

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    Han character

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    : Hán Việt readings: thả[1], thư[2], tồ[2]
    : Nôm readings: thả[1], [3], vả[3]

    1. (literary) besides, again, moreover

    Descendants

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    References

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