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且

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 旦, 目, and 自
且 U+4E14, 且
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E14
← 专
[U+4E13] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 丕 →
[U+4E15]
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Translingual

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Stroke order
5 strokes

Han character

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且 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 月一 (BM), four-corner 77100, composition ⿱⺝一 or ⿴𠀃𠄠)

  1. Shuowen Jiezi radical №494

Derived characters

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Additional Derived Characters

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 7
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29
  • Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 15, character 5
  • Unihan data for U+4E14

Further reading

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Bailang

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Noun

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且 (*tsɑʔ)

  1. Sun

References

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  • Hill, Nathan W. (2017), “Songs of the Bailang: A New Transcription with Etymological Commentary”, in Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient‎[2], volume 103, pages 386—429

Chinese

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simp. and trad.
 且
alternative forms 𠀇
𠀃

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 且
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
j29048
j29049
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j29131
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b19460
b19461
s10640
Transcribed ancient scripts
L35047
L17323
L17324
L17325
L17326
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L17328
L17329
L17330
L17331
L17332
L30577
L02894
References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (且) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
虘 *zaːl, *zaː
蔖 *zlaːl, *sʰaːʔ
摣 *rnaː, *ʔsraː
袓 *ʔsjaː, *zaʔ
怚 *ʔsjaː, *ʔsas, *zaʔ
罝 *ʔsjaː
謯 *ʔslja, *ʔsraːʔ
姐 *ʔsjaːʔ
抯 *ʔsljaːʔ, *ljaːʔ, *ʔsraː
飷 *ʔsjaːʔ
且 *sʰjaːʔ, *ʔsa
趄 *sʰjaːs, *sʰa
笡 *sʰjaːs
查 *ʔsraː, *zraː, *zraː
柤 *ʔsraː
樝 *ʔsraː
皻 *ʔsraː
渣 *ʔsraː
楂 *zraː
苴 *zraː, *ʔsa, *ʔsaʔ, *sʰa
駔 *ʔslaːŋʔ, *zaːʔ
租 *ʔsaː
蒩 *ʔsaː, *ʔsaːʔ, *sʰa
祖 *ʔsaːʔ
組 *ʔsaːʔ
珇 *ʔsaːʔ
靻 *ʔsaːʔ
粗 *sʰaː, *zaːʔ
徂 *zaː
殂 *zaː
麆 *zaːʔ, *zras
伹 *zaːʔ, *sʰa
蛆 *ʔsa, *sʰa
沮 *ʔsa, *ʔsas, *sʰa, *zaʔ, *ʔsra
咀 *ʔsaʔ, *zaʔ
疽 *sʰa
雎 *sʰa
狙 *sʰa, *sʰas
岨 *sʰa
砠 *sʰa
坥 *sʰa, *sʰas
刞 *sʰas
覰 *sʰas
覷 *sʰas
跙 *zaʔ
筯 *das
菹 *ʔsra
葅 *ʔsra
阻 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
俎 *ʔsraʔ
詛 *ʔsraʔ, *ʔsras
鉏 *zra, *zraʔ
豠 *zra
鋤 *zra
耡 *zra, *zras
齟 *zraʔ
助 *zras

Pictogram (象形). Multiple interpretations:

  • A stone altar – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).
  • A sacrificial vessel used for chopping and holding meat, as viewed from above (Wang, 1923) – original form of 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ).
  • An erect penis, the symbol of the male ancestor (Guo Moruo, 1931) – original form of 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ).

In the oracle bones and bronze inscriptions, this character was commonly used as 祖 (OC *ʔsaːʔ); usage as 俎 (OC *ʔsraʔ) is not attested until the Warring States period in the bamboo script. See also the original version of 查.

Etymology

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“and; also; almost; be going to”
Cognate with 將 (OC *ʔsaŋ, *ʔsaŋs) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation 1

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Note:
  • 2qia - vernacular;
  • 2qi - literary.
Rime
Character 且
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 麻 (100)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 七也切
Baxter tshjaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰiaX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰiaX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰiaX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰiaX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰiaX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰĭaX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰi̯aX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		qiě
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ce2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 且
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		qiě
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tshjæX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[tsʰ]Aʔ/
English moreover

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 且
Reading # 1/2
No. 10379
Phonetic
component 		且
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		且
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰjaːʔ/

Definitions

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且

  1. this
  2. almost; nearly
  3. be going to; will; shall
  4. just; for the time being
  5. even (used for emphasis, often with a hypothetical extreme scenario)
  6. (dialectal Mandarin) for a long time
    這水太燙，且得晾會兒呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    这水太烫，且得晾会儿呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Zhè shuǐ tài tàng, qiě děi liàng huǐr ne. [Pinyin]
    This water is so hot; [it] need to be left alone to cool down for a long time.
    這活兒且幹不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, trad.]
    这活儿且干不完呢。 [dialectal Mandarin, simp.]
    Zhèi huór qiě gàn bu wán ne. [Pinyin]
    This work wouldn't be done even with a lot of time.
  7. and; also (for juxtaposition)
    而且  ―  érqiě  ―  and; but also
    他的演講簡短且切中要害。 [MSC, trad.]
    他的演讲简短且切中要害。 [MSC, simp.]
    Tā de yǎnjiǎng jiǎnduǎn qiě qièzhòng yàohài. [Pinyin]
    His speech was short and to the point.
  8. both ... and ...
  9. or (to list alternatives)
  10. moreover (to indicate progression)
  11. if; assuming (to indicate hypotheticality)
  12. sentence-initial or sentence-medial modal particle
  13. a surname

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 且
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 魚 (22)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子魚切
Baxter tsjo
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sɨʌ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡siɔ/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡siɔ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sɨə̆/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siɔ/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭo/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯wo/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		jū
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zeoi1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 且
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		jū
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsjo ›
Old
Chinese 		/*tsa/
English [final particle]

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 且
Reading # 2/2
No. 10413
Phonetic
component 		且
Rime
group 		魚
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		且
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsa/

Definitions

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且

  1. alternative form of 俎 (zǔ, “chopping board”)
  2. many; numerous; flourishing
  3. sixth month in the lunar calendar
  4. sentence-final modal particle
  5. alternative form of 駔 / 驵 (“steed”)

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Definitions

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且

  1. alternative form of 徂 (cú, “to go to”)

Pronunciation 4

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Definitions

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且

  1. used in 次且 (“hesitant in walking”)

Pronunciation 5

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For pronunciation and definitions of 且 – see 祖 (“ancestor; forebear; forefather; grandparent; grandfather or grandmother; etc.”).
(This character is an ancient form of 祖).

Japanese

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Kanji

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且

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. moreover; also; furthermore (かつ)[1]
  2. for the time being (しばらく)
  3. be going to; will; shall (まさに…す)

Readings

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Compounds

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References

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  1. ^ “且”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

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Etymology 1

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Hanja

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且 (eumhun 또 차 (tto cha))

  1. hanja form? of 차 (“moreover; also”)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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Hanja

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且 (eumhun 도마 조 (doma jo))

  1. alternative form of 俎 (“hanja form? of 조 (“a sacrificial altar; a cutting board, a chopping board”)”)

Etymology 3

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Hanja

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且 (eumhun 공경할 저 (gonggyeonghal jeo))

  1. (obsolete) hanja form? of 저 (“respect”)

References

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Vietnamese

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Han character

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且: Hán Việt readings: thả[1], thư[2], tồ[2]
且: Nôm readings: thả[1], vã[3], vả[3]

  1. (literary) besides, again, moreover

Descendants

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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (1999).
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Trần (2004).
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