Translingual [ edit ]
Stroke order
Han character [ edit ]
累 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸 +5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF ), four-corner 60903 , composition ⿱田 糸 )
Derived characters [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
KangXi: page 919 , character 35
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
Unihan data for U+7D2F
Chinese [ edit ]
Glyph origin [ edit ]
Old Chinese
摞
*roːl, *roːls
騾
*roːl
螺
*roːl
蔂
*roːl, *rul
虆
*roːl, *rul
瘰
*roːlʔ
礌
*ruːl, *ruːls
雷
*ruːl
擂
*ruːl, *ruːls
攂
*ruːl, *ruːls
礧
*ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡
*ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃
*ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑
*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘
*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳
*ruːl
畾
*ruːl
轠
*ruːl, *rulʔ
罍
*ruːl
蕾
*ruːlʔ
癗
*ruːlʔ
磥
*ruːlʔ
累
*ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽
*ruːls, *rul
樏
*rolʔ, *rul
鸓
*rul, *rulʔ
嫘
*rul
纍
*rul, *ruls
欙
*rul
纝
*rul
壘
*rulʔ
櫐
*rulʔ
蘽
*rulʔ
藟
*rulʔ
讄
*rulʔ
Simplified from 纍 (畾 → 田 ).
Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田 ) while women sewed (糸 ).
Etymology [ edit ]
Various semantic fields can be distinguished:
“to add; to accumulate”
Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ , “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ ) (Wang, 1982 ).
“to damage; exhausted; tired”
Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul , “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls , “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007 ). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ ( ruəy , “ tired; exhausted ” ) , Mizo rawih ( “ weak; worn out; broken down ” ) , Tibetan རུལ ( rul , “ to decay; to rot ” ) , འབྲུལ ( 'brul , “ to fall; to come out ” ) , ཧྲུལ་པོ ( hrul po , “ torn; ragged ” ) , སྲུལ ( srul , “ (archaic ) to rot; to decompose ” ) (ibid. ).
“to bind; to wind around”
See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls ).
Pronunciation 1 [ edit ]
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
累
Reading #
2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
lěi
Middle Chinese
‹ ljweX ›
Old Chinese
/*[r]ojʔ/
English
accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
累
Reading #
2/3
No.
7733
Phonetic component
畾
Rime group
歌
Rime subdivision
3
Corresponding MC rime
絫
Old Chinese
/*rolʔ/
Notes
同 絫
Definitions [ edit ]
累
to pile up ; to heap up ; to mount up ; to accumulate
積累 / 积累 ― jīlěi ― to accumulate
累 計 / 累 计 ― lěi jì ― to accumulate
repeated ; numerous ; unremitting ; continuous ; persistent
經年累 月 / 经年累 月 ― jīngniánlěi yuè ― for years and years
( obsolete ) to repeat ; to replicate ; to overlap
( obsolete ) to add (to); to increase ; to grow
( obsolete ) to amount (to); to sum up (to)
( obsolete ) Alternative form of 絫 (“ancient weight unit ”).
A surname .
Compounds [ edit ]
Pronunciation 2 [ edit ]
Note :
“To implicate”, “burden” and “to damage”:
lěi (Mainland standard, Taiwan variant);
lèi (Taiwan standard).
All other senses:
(Dungan )
(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
Hakka
Min Bei
Min Dong
Min Nan
Wu
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
累
Reading #
3/3
No.
7735
Phonetic component
畾
Rime group
歌
Rime subdivision
3
Corresponding MC rime
累
Old Chinese
/*rols/
Definitions [ edit ]
累
to involve ; to implicate ; to embroil ; to entangle ; to hinder
連累 / 连累 ― liánlei ― to implicate
累 人累 物 [Cantonese ] ― leoi6 jan4 leoi6 mat6 [Jyutping] ― to bring burden on others
( obsolete ) burden ; tribulation ; affliction ; problem
( obsolete ) to damage ; to hurt ; to do harm to; to stain ; to sully
( obsolete ) to entrust ; to delegate ; to devolve
to strain ; to wear out ; to cause to be tired
別 累 著 眼睛 / 别 累 着 眼睛 ― bié lèi zhe yǎnjīng ― Do not tire your eyes.
to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
真係 唔好意思 ,累 你 白 行 一 趟 。 [Cantonese , trad. ] 真系 唔好意思 ,累 你 白 行 一 趟 。 [Cantonese , simp. ] zan1 hai6 m4 hou2 ji3 si1 , leoi6 nei5 baak6 haang4 jat1 tong3 . [Jyutping] I'm really sorry for making you come here for nothing.
( obsolete ) suffering ; misery ; harm ; disaster
( obsolete ) fault ; crime ; slip ; defect
to work hard ; to toil ; to overwork
我 今天 累 了 一 整 天 。 [MSC , trad. and simp. ] Wǒ jīntiān lèi le yī zhěng tiān. [Pinyin] I've been working hard all day today.
tired ; weary ; fatigued ; exhausted
我 很 累 。 ― Wǒ hěn lèi . ― I'm tired.
他 會 累 得 精疲力竭 的 。 [MSC , trad. ] 他 会 累 得 精疲力竭 的 。 [MSC , simp. ] Tā huì lèi dé jīngpílìjié de. [Pinyin] He'll wear himself out .
( obsolete ) wife and children ; one's family
Synonyms [ edit ]
Dialectal synonyms of
累 (“tired”)
[map]
Variety
Location
Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
疲倦 , 疲乏 , 疲累 , 疲憊 , 疲勞
Mandarin
Beijing
累 , 乏
Taiwan
累
Jinan
累 , 乏
Wanrong
乏
Xi'an
乏 , 累
Ürümqi
乏
Wuhan
累
Chengdu
累
Yangzhou
累 , 痿
Hefei
累
Malaysia
累
Singapore
累
Cantonese
Guangzhou
攰
Hong Kong
攰
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)
攰
Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)
攰
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)
攰
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)
攰
Macau
攰
Guangzhou (Panyu)
攰
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)
攰
Guangzhou (Zengcheng)
攰
Foshan
攰
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)
夠
Foshan (Shunde)
攰
Foshan (Sanshui)
夠攰
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)
夠攰
Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)
夠 , 攰
Zhuhai (Doumen)
夠 , 攰
Jiangmen (Baisha)
夠
Jiangmen (Xinhui)
夠
Taishan
夠 , 攰
Kaiping (Chikan)
夠 , 攰
Enping (Niujiang)
夠 , 攰
Heshan (Yayao)
夠算
Dongguan
攰
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)
攰
Qingyuan
攰
Fogang
攰
Yingde (Hanguang)
攰
Yangshan
攰
Lianshan (Butian)
累
Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)
攰
Shaoguan
攰
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
攰
Renhua
攰
Lechang
攰
Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)
攰
Sihui
攰
Guangning
攰
Deqing
攰
Huaiji
攰
Fengkai (Nanfeng)
攰
Yunfu
攰
Luoding
攰
Yunan (Pingtai)
攰
Yangjiang
攰
Xinyi
攰
Lianjiang
攰
Nanning
攰
Wuzhou
攰
Yulin
攰 , 累
Hepu (Lianzhou)
攰
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
攰
Singapore (Guangfu)
攰
Gan
Nanchang
累
Hakka
Meixian
𤸁
Xingning
𤸁
Huidong (Daling)
𤸁
Dongguan (Qingxi)
𤸁
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)
𤸁
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)
𤸁
Heyuan (Bendihua)
𤸁
Wengyuan
𤸁
Shaoguan (Qujiang)
𤸁
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)
𤸁
Liannan
𤸁
Jiexi
渴
Luhe
悿 Hetian , 渴 Xintian
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)
悿
Changting
累
Wuping
𤸁
Wuping (Yanqian)
𤸁
Wuping (Pingyu)
𤸁
Liancheng
𤸁
Ninghua
累
Ningdu
累
Ruijin
𤸁
Shangyou
𤸁
Tonggu (Sandu)
累
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
𤸁 , 悿
Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)
𤸁 , 悿
Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)
悿
Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)
悿 , 𤸁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)
悿
Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)
悿
Hong Kong
𤸁
Xinyi (Sihe)
𤸁
Xinyi (Qianpai)
𤸁
Gaozhou (Xindong)
𤸁
Lianjiang (Shijiao)
𤸁
Lianjiang (Qingping)
𤸁
Mengshan (Xihe)
𤸁
Luchuan
𤸁
Senai (Huiyang)
𤸁
Kuching (Hepo)
𤺪
Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)
渴
Singkawang
渴
Huizhou
Jixi
吃力
Jin
Taiyuan
乏 , 累
Xinzhou
累
Min Bei
Jian'ou
累 , 軟
Min Dong
Fuzhou
弱
Min Nan
Xiamen
𤺪 , 厭
Quanzhou
𤺪 , 厭
Zhangzhou
𤺪 , 厭
Zhao'an
厭 , 悿
Taipei
悿
Taipei (Wanhua)
悿 , 𤺪
New Taipei (Tamsui)
悿 , 𤺪
New Taipei (Sanxia)
悿
New Taipei (Pingxi)
悿 , 𤺪
Kaohsiung
悿
Kaohsiung (Cijin)
悿 , 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)
悿
Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)
悿 , 𤺪
Kaohsiung (Tianliao)
悿
Yilan
悿 , 懶
Yilan (Toucheng)
悿 , 𤺪
Changhua (Lukang)
悿
Taichung
𤺪
Taichung (Wuqi)
悿
Tainan
悿 , 𤺪
Tainan (Anping)
悿 , 𤺪
Taitung
悿
Hsinchu
悿 , 𤺪
Kinmen
悿
Penghu (Magong)
悿 , 𤺪
Penghu (Xiyu)
悿 , 𤺪
Penang (Hokkien)
𤺪
Singapore (Hokkien)
𤺪
Manila (Hokkien)
𤺪
Chaozhou
乏 , 累
Shantou
乏 , 𤺪
Shantou (Chenghai)
乏
Jieyang
乏
Haifeng
悿
Bangkok (Teochew)
乏
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
乏
Singapore (Teochew)
𤺪 , 累
Leizhou
乏
Wenchang
乏
Haikou
乏
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
瞓
Wu
Shanghai
吃力 , 衰瘏
Suzhou
吃力
Ningbo
着力 , 吃力 rare
Wenzhou
㾯 , 吃力
Xiang
Changsha
傫
Shuangfeng
鶴累
Compounds [ edit ]
Pronunciation 3 [ edit ]
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
累
Reading #
3/3
No.
7735
Phonetic component
畾
Rime group
歌
Rime subdivision
3
Corresponding MC rime
累
Old Chinese
/*rols/
Definitions [ edit ]
累
Used in 累贅 /累赘 (léizhui , “cumbersome”).
Pronunciation 4 [ edit ]
For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope ; to tie ; bull in mating season ”). (This character, 累 , is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍 .)
Notes:
Pronunciation 5 [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
累
Only used in 謼遫累 /呼遫累 .
Pronunciation 6 [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
累
Only used in 肥累 .
Pronunciation 7 [ edit ]
Definitions [ edit ]
累
† Synonym of 裸 (luǒ , “bare ; naked ”).
Japanese [ edit ]
累
(common “Jōyō” kanji , shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍 )
accumulate
Readings [ edit ]
累 • (ru>nu ) (hangeul 루 >누 , revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation , then remove the text {{rfdef }}
.
Vietnamese [ edit ]
Han character [ edit ]
累 : Hán Nôm readings: lụy /luỵ , lủi , lũy /luỹ , mệt , luy
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.