累

See also: 纍

累 U+7D2F, 累 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D2F ← 紮 [U+7D2E] CJK Unified Ideographs 細 → [U+7D30]

累 U+F94F, 累 CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F94F ← 漏 [U+F94E] CJK Compatibility Ideographs 縷 → [U+F950]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

累 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 6090₃, composition ⿱田糸)

Derived characters

• 傫 嫘 摞 漯 樏 䐯 磥 縲(缧) 螺 鏍(镙) 騾(骡) 蔂 䉂 瘰

References

• KangXi: page 919, character 35
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
• Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7D2F

• Unihan data for U+F94F

---

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (畾) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
摞	*roːl, *roːls
騾	*roːl
螺	*roːl
蔂	*roːl, *rul
虆	*roːl, *rul
瘰	*roːlʔ
礌	*ruːl, *ruːls
雷	*ruːl
擂	*ruːl, *ruːls
攂	*ruːl, *ruːls
礧	*ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
儡	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls
瓃	*ruːl, *rul, *ruls
櫑	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鑘	*ruːl, *ruːlʔ
鐳	*ruːl
畾	*ruːl
轠	*ruːl, *rulʔ
罍	*ruːl
蕾	*ruːlʔ
癗	*ruːlʔ
磥	*ruːlʔ
累	*ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols
儽	*ruːls, *rul
樏	*rolʔ, *rul
鸓	*rul, *rulʔ
嫘	*rul
纍	*rul, *ruls
欙	*rul
纝	*rul
壘	*rulʔ
櫐	*rulʔ
蘽	*rulʔ
藟	*rulʔ
讄	*rulʔ

Simplified from 纍 (畾 → 田).

Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).

Etymology

Various semantic fields can be distinguished:

“to add; to accumulate”

Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).

“to damage; exhausted; tired”

Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).

“to bind; to wind around”

See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).

Pronunciation 1

trad.		累/纍*
simp.		累

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lěi (lei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁵, leoi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lûi
• Min Bei (KCR): lṳ̆
• Min Dong (BUC): lūi
• Min Nan (POJ): lúi
• Wu (Wiktionary): le (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
    • Wade–Giles: lei3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁵, leoi⁶
    • Yale: léuih, leuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁵, loey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁵, lêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯¹³/, /lɵy̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lûi
    • Hakka Romanization System: lui´
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lui¹
    • Sinological IPA: /lu̯i²⁴/
• Min Bei
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̆
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly²⁴/
• Min Dong
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lūi
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui³³/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lúi
    • Tâi-lô: luí
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luie
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lui⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /lui⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui⁴¹/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: le (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞²³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 累 (累積)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/lei²¹³/
	Tianjin	/lei¹³/
	Jinan	/luei⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/le⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/luei⁵³/
	Xi'an	/luei⁵³/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/luei⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/luei⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/nei⁴²/
	Chengdu	/nuei⁵³/
	Guiyang	/nuei⁴²/
	Kunming	/luei⁵³/
	Nanjing	/luəi²¹²/
	Hefei	/le²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁵³/
	Pingyao	/luei⁵³/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le³⁵/
	Tunxi
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁴¹/
	Xiangtan	/nəi⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁴⁴/
	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²³/
	Nanning	/lui²⁴/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ly²⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lui⁵³/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lui²¹³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /liuᴇ^X/

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	力委切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇX/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛX/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆X/
Li Rong	/liueX/
Wang Li	/lǐweX/
Bernard Karlgren	/lwie̯X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lěi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi5

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ojʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*rolʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lěi
Middle Chinese	‹ ljweX ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ojʔ/
English	accumulate
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	2/3
No.	7733
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	絫
Old Chinese	/*rolʔ/
Notes	同絫

Definitions

累

1. to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate

   積累 / 积累  ―  jīlěi  ―  to accumulate

   累計 / 累计  ―  lěijì  ―  to accumulate

   • 九層之臺，起於累土。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     九层之台，起于累土。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Tao Te Ching, 4^th century BCE

     Jiǔ céng zhī tái, qǐ yú lěi tǔ. [Pinyin]

     The tower of nine storeys rose from a (small) heap of earth.

2. repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent

   經年累月 / 经年累月  ―  jīngniánlěiyuè  ―  for years and years

   • 六藝經傳以千萬數，累世不能殫其學，當年不能究其禮。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     六艺经传以千万数，累世不能殚其学，当年不能究其礼。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, circa 91 BCE

     Liùyì jīngzhuàn yǐ qiānwàn shǔ, lěishì bùnéng dān qí xué, dāngnián bùnéng jiū qí lǐ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

3. (obsolete) to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
4. (obsolete) to add (to); to increase; to grow
5. (obsolete) to amount (to); to sum up (to)
6. (obsolete) Alternative form of 絫 (“ancient weight unit”).
7. A surname​.

Compounds

Derived terms from 累

• 不差累黍 (bùchālěishǔ)
• 事危累卵
• 危如累卵 (wēirúlěiluǎn)
• 危於累卵／危于累卵
• 寸積銖累／寸积铢累
• 成千累萬／成千累万
• 成年累月
• 日積月累／日积月累 (rìjīyuèlěi)
• 疵蒙謬累／疵蒙谬累
• 盈千累百
• 盈千累萬／盈千累万
• 盈篇累牘／盈篇累牍
• 積年累月／积年累月
• 積德累仁／积德累仁
• 積德累功／积德累功
• 積累／积累 (jīlěi)
• 積金累玉／积金累玉
• 積銖累寸／积铢累寸
• 窮年累世／穷年累世
• 窮年累月／穷年累月
• 窮年累歲／穷年累岁
• 累七齋／累七斋
• 累世 (lěishì)
• 累世 (lěishì)
• 累丸
• 累代 (lěidài)
• 累加 (lěijiā)

• 累卵 (lěiluǎn)
• 累卵之危
• 累土至山
• 累塊積蘇／累块积苏
• 累增字
• 累年
• 累彰勛效／累彰勋效
• 累德
• 累戰／累战
• 累日
• 累時／累时
• 累月經年／累月经年
• 累榭
• 累次
• 累次三番
• 累牆／累墙
• 累牘連篇／累牍连篇
• 累犯 (lěifàn)
• 累犯 (lěifàn)
• 累積／累积 (lěijī)
• 累積性傷害症候群／累积性伤害症候群
• 累積盈餘／累积盈余
• 累累 (lěilěi)
• 累計／累计 (lěijì)
• 累足
• 累足成步
• 累進／累进 (lěijìn)

• 累進稅／累进税
• 累進稅率／累进税率
• 累進處遇／累进处遇
• 累遷／累迁 (lěiqiān)
• 累重
• 累黍
• 經年累月／经年累月
• 經旬累月／经旬累月
• 脅肩累足／胁肩累足
• 蕪累／芜累
• 虧累／亏累
• 負債累累／负债累累
• 連章累牘／连章累牍
• 連篇累幅／连篇累幅
• 連篇累牘／连篇累牍 (liánpiānlěidú)
• 連階累任／连阶累任
• 鄙言累句
• 重光累洽
• 重熙累洽
• 重規累矩／重规累矩
• 銖積寸累／铢积寸累
• 長年累月／长年累月 (chángniánlěiyuè)
• 長篇累牘／长篇累牍
• 食不累味
• 駢肩累足／骈肩累足
• 駢肩累跡／骈肩累迹
• 駢肩累踵／骈肩累踵

Pronunciation 2

trad.		累/纍*
simp.		累

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): lèi, lěi (lei⁴, lei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˋ, ㄌㄟˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): луй (luy, III)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
• Min Bei (KCR): lṳ̄
• Min Dong (BUC): lôi
• Min Nan (POJ): lūi
• Wu (Wiktionary): le (T3)

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lèi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ley
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lèi
    • Wade–Giles: lei4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯⁵¹/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
    • Wade–Giles: lei3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/

Note:

• “To implicate”, “burden” and “to damage”:
  • lěi (Mainland standard, Taiwan variant);
  • lèi (Taiwan standard).
• All other senses:
  • lèi.

(Dungan)

• Cyrillic and Wiktionary: луй (luy, III)
• Sinological IPA ^(key): /luei⁴⁴/

(Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

Cantonese

• (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  • Jyutping: leoi⁶
  • Yale: leuih
  • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁶
  • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁶
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/

Hakka

• (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
  • Hakka Romanization System: lui
  • Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
  • Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/

Min Bei

• (Jian'ou)
  • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: lṳ̄
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵⁵/

Min Dong

• (Fuzhou)
  • Bàng-uâ-cê: lôi
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ui²⁴²/

Min Nan

• (Hokkien)
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi
  • Tâi-lô: luī
  • Phofsit Daibuun: lui
  • IPA (Xiamen): /lui²²/
  • IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁴¹/
  • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui²²/
  • IPA (Taipei): /lui³³/
  • IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui³³/

Wu

• (Shanghainese)
  • Wiktionary: le (T3)
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞²³/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 累 (連累)
Mandarin	Beijing	/lei⁵¹/
	Harbin	/lei⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lei⁵³/
	Jinan	/luei²¹/
	Qingdao	/le⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/luei³¹²/
	Xi'an	/luei⁰/
	Xining	/luɨ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/luei¹³/
	Lanzhou	/luei¹³/
	Ürümqi	/luei²¹³/
	Wuhan	/nei³⁵/
	Chengdu	/nuei¹³/
	Guiyang	/nuei²¹³/
	Kunming	/luei²¹²/
	Nanjing	/luəi⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/le⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/luei⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/luei³⁵/
	Hohhot	/luei⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/le²³/
	Suzhou	/le̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/lei¹³/
	Wenzhou	/lai³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/le²²/
	Tunxi	/li¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/lei⁵⁵/ /lei¹¹/
	Xiangtan	/nəi²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/lui²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/lui⁵³/
	Taoyuan	/lui⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/løy²²/
	Nanning	/lui²²/
	Hong Kong	/løy²²/
Min	Xiamen (Min Nan)	/lui²²/
	Fuzhou (Min Dong)	/luɔi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Min Bei)	/ly⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Min Nan)	/lui³¹/
	Haikou (Min Nan)	/lui³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: /liuᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良僞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/liueH/
Wang Li	/lǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rols/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	3/3
No.	7735
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	累
Old Chinese	/*rols/

Definitions

累

1. to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder

   連累 / 连累  ―  liánlei  ―  to implicate

   累人累物 [Cantonese]  ―  leoi⁶ jan⁴ leoi⁶ mat⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to bring burden on others

2. (obsolete) burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
3. (obsolete) to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
4. (obsolete) to entrust; to delegate; to devolve

   • 吾欲以國累子，子必勿泄也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吾欲以国累子，子必勿泄也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Han Feizi, circa 2^nd century BCE

     Wú yù yǐ guó lěi zǐ, zǐ bì wù xiè yě. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

5. to strain; to wear out; to cause to be tired

   別累著眼睛 / 别累着眼睛  ―  bié lèi zhe yǎnjīng  ―  Do not tire your eyes.

   1. to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)

   真係唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   真系唔好意思，累你白行一趟。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   zan¹ hai⁶ m⁴ hou² ji³ si¹, leoi⁶ nei⁵ baak⁶ haang⁴ jat¹ tong³. [Jyutping]

   I'm really sorry for making you come here for nothing.

   • 來了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, trad.]
     来了很久吧，累你等了。 [MSC, simp.]

     From: 1958, 周而復, 上海的早晨

     Lái le hěn jiǔ ba, lěi nǐ děng le. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this example)

6. (obsolete) suffering; misery; harm; disaster
7. (obsolete) fault; crime; slip; defect
8. to work hard; to toil; to overwork

   我今天累了一整天。 [MSC, trad. and simp.]

   Wǒ jīntiān lèi le yī zhěng tiān. [Pinyin]

   I've been working hard all day today.

9. tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted

   我很累。  ―  Wǒ hěn lèi.  ―  I'm tired.

   他會累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, trad.]
   他会累得精疲力竭的。 [MSC, simp.]

   Tā huì lèi dé jīngpílìjié de. [Pinyin]

   He'll wear himself out.

10. (obsolete) wife and children; one's family

Synonyms

• (tired):

edit

Synonyms of 累

• 乏力 (fálì)
• 倦怠 (juàndài)
• 勞累／劳累 (láolèi)
• 勞頓／劳顿 (láodùn)
• 厭𤺪／厌𤺪 (Min Nan)

• 困乏 (kùnfá)
• 困頓／困顿 (kùndùn)
• 疲乏 (pífá)
• 疲倦 (píjuàn)
• 疲勞／疲劳 (píláo)

• 疲困 (píkùn) (literary)
• 疲憊／疲惫 (píbèi)
• 精疲力盡／精疲力尽 (jīngpílìjìn)
• 精疲力竭 (jīngpílìjié)
• 頓／顿 (dùn) (literary)

Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊, 疲勞
Mandarin	Beijing	累, 乏
	Taiwan	累
	Jinan	累, 乏
	Wanrong	乏
	Xi'an	乏, 累
	Ürümqi	乏
	Wuhan	累
	Chengdu	累
	Yangzhou	累, 痿
	Hefei	累
	Malaysia	累
	Singapore	累
Cantonese	Guangzhou	攰
	Hong Kong	攰
	Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou)	攰
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	攰
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	攰
	Macau	攰
	Guangzhou (Panyu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu)	攰
	Guangzhou (Zengcheng)	攰
	Foshan	攰
	Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai)	夠
	Foshan (Shunde)	攰
	Foshan (Sanshui)	夠攰
	Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming)	夠攰
	Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka)	夠, 攰
	Zhuhai (Doumen)	夠, 攰
	Jiangmen (Baisha)	夠
	Jiangmen (Xinhui)	夠
	Taishan	夠, 攰
	Kaiping (Chikan)	夠, 攰
	Enping (Niujiang)	夠, 攰
	Heshan (Yayao)	夠算
	Dongguan	攰
	Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an)	攰
	Qingyuan	攰
	Fogang	攰
	Yingde (Hanguang)	攰
	Yangshan	攰
	Lianshan (Butian)	累
	Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui)	攰
	Shaoguan	攰
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	攰
	Renhua	攰
	Lechang	攰
	Zhaoqing (Gaoyao)	攰
	Sihui	攰
	Guangning	攰
	Deqing	攰
	Huaiji	攰
	Fengkai (Nanfeng)	攰
	Yunfu	攰
	Luoding	攰
	Yunan (Pingtai)	攰
	Yangjiang	攰
	Xinyi	攰
	Lianjiang	攰
	Nanning	攰
	Wuzhou	攰
	Yulin	攰, 累
	Hepu (Lianzhou)	攰
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	攰
	Singapore (Guangfu)	攰
Gan	Nanchang	累
Hakka	Meixian	𤸁
	Xingning	𤸁
	Huidong (Daling)	𤸁
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	𤸁
	Shenzhen (Shatoujiao)	𤸁
	Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui)	𤸁
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	𤸁
	Wengyuan	𤸁
	Shaoguan (Qujiang)	𤸁
	Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang)	𤸁
	Liannan	𤸁
	Jiexi	渴
	Luhe	悿 Hetian, 渴 Xintian
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	悿
	Changting	累
	Wuping	𤸁
	Wuping (Yanqian)	𤸁
	Wuping (Pingyu)	𤸁
	Liancheng	𤸁
	Ninghua	累
	Ningdu	累
	Ruijin	𤸁
	Shangyou	𤸁
	Tonggu (Sandu)	累
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Pingtung (Neipu, S. Sixian)	𤸁, 悿
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong, Hailu)	悿
	Taichung (Dongshi, Dabu)	悿, 𤸁
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin, Raoping)	悿
	Yunlin (Lunbei, Zhao'an)	悿
	Hong Kong	𤸁
	Xinyi (Sihe)	𤸁
	Xinyi (Qianpai)	𤸁
	Gaozhou (Xindong)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Shijiao)	𤸁
	Lianjiang (Qingping)	𤸁
	Mengshan (Xihe)	𤸁
	Luchuan	𤸁
	Senai (Huiyang)	𤸁
	Kuching (Hepo)	𤺪
	Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo)	渴
	Singkawang	渴
Huizhou	Jixi	吃力
Jin	Taiyuan	乏, 累
	Xinzhou	累
Min Bei	Jian'ou	累, 軟
Min Dong	Fuzhou	弱
Min Nan	Xiamen	𤺪, 厭
	Quanzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhangzhou	𤺪, 厭
	Zhao'an	厭, 悿
	Taipei	悿
	Taipei (Wanhua)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	悿, 𤺪
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	悿
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung	悿
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Hongmaogang, Siaogang)	悿
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	悿, 𤺪
	Kaohsiung (Tianliao)	悿
	Yilan	悿, 懶
	Yilan (Toucheng)	悿, 𤺪
	Changhua (Lukang)	悿
	Taichung	𤺪
	Taichung (Wuqi)	悿
	Tainan	悿, 𤺪
	Tainan (Anping)	悿, 𤺪
	Taitung	悿
	Hsinchu	悿, 𤺪
	Kinmen	悿
	Penghu (Magong)	悿, 𤺪
	Penghu (Xiyu)	悿, 𤺪
	Penang (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Singapore (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Manila (Hokkien)	𤺪
	Chaozhou	乏, 累
	Shantou	乏, 𤺪
	Shantou (Chenghai)	乏
	Jieyang	乏
	Haifeng	悿
	Bangkok (Teochew)	乏
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	乏
	Singapore (Teochew)	𤺪, 累
	Leizhou	乏
	Wenchang	乏
	Haikou	乏
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	瞓
Wu	Shanghai	吃力, 衰瘏
	Suzhou	吃力
	Ningbo	着力, 吃力 rare
	Wenzhou	㾯, 吃力
Xiang	Changsha	傫
	Shuangfeng	鶴累

Compounds

Derived terms from 累

• 俗累
• 倦累
• 勞累／劳累 (láolèi)
• 受累 (shòulèi)
• 同名之累
• 塵累／尘累
• 多累
• 家累
• 家累千金，坐不垂堂
• 帶累／带累 (dàilěi)
• 干累
• 忝累
• 房累
• 拖累 (tuōlěi)
• 掛累／挂累
• 波累 (bōlěi)
• 滯累／滞累

• 炊累
• 物累
• 牽累／牵累 (qiānlěi)
• 疲累 (pílèi)
• 私累
• 竿累
• 累乏
• 累人 (lèirén)
• 累及 (lěijí)
• 累句
• 累垮 (lèikuǎ)
• 累壞／累坏 (lèihuài)
• 累得慌
• 累德
• 累心
• 累懇／累恳
• 累手

• 累掯
• 累死 (lèi sǐ)
• 累死累活 (lěisǐlěihuó)
• 累活
• 累活兒／累活儿
• 累煩／累烦
• 累贅／累赘 (léizhui)
• 累重
• 纏累／缠累 (chánlěi)
• 苦累
• 負累／负累 (fùlěi)
• 賠累／赔累 (péilèi)
• 賤累／贱累
• 連累／连累 (liánlei)
• 遲累／迟累
• 鄙累

Pronunciation 3

trad.		累/纍*
simp.		累

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): léi, lěi (lei², lei³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˊ, ㄌㄟˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lui
• Min Nan (POJ): lûi
• Wu (Wiktionary): le (T3)

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Pinyin: léi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˊ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: léi
    • Wade–Giles: lei2
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯³⁵/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
    • Wade–Giles: lei3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: leoi⁶
    • Yale: leuih
    • Cantonese Pinyin: loey⁶
    • Guangdong Romanization: lêu⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɵy̯²²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lui
    • Hakka Romanization System: lui
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lui⁴
    • Sinological IPA: /lu̯i⁵⁵/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lûi
    • Tâi-lô: luî
    • Phofsit Daibuun: luii
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /lui²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lui¹³/
• Wu
  • (Shanghainese)
    • Wiktionary: le (T3)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /le̞²³/

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• Middle Chinese: /liuᴇ^H/

Rime
Character	累
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (12)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	良僞切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liuᴇH/
Pan Wuyun	/lʷiɛH/
Shao Rongfen	/ljuɛH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lwiə̆H/
Li Rong	/liueH/
Wang Li	/lǐweH/
Bernard Karlgren	/lwie̯H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	leoi6

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*rols/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	累
Reading #	3/3
No.	7735
Phonetic component	畾
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	累
Old Chinese	/*rols/

Definitions

累

1. Used in 累贅／累赘 (léizhui, “cumbersome”).

Pronunciation 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character, 累, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Pronunciation 5

simp. and trad.		累

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lǜ (lü⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lǜ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lyù
    • Wade–Giles: lü4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ly⁵¹/

Definitions

累

1. Only used in 謼遫累／呼遫累.

Pronunciation 6

simp. and trad.		累

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): liè (lie⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄝˋ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: liè
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄝˋ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lieh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: liè
    • Wade–Giles: lieh4
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ljɛ⁵¹/

Definitions

累

1. Only used in 肥累.

Pronunciation 7

simp. and trad.		累

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): lěi, luǒ (lei³, luo³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ, ㄌㄨㄛˇ

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: lěi
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leei
    • Tongyong Pinyin: lěi
    • Wade–Giles: lei3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /leɪ̯²¹⁴/
      
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: luǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄛˇ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luoo
    • Tongyong Pinyin: luǒ
    • Wade–Giles: lo3
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lwɔ²¹⁴/

Definitions

累

1. ^† Synonym of 裸 (luǒ, “bare; naked”).

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Japanese

Kanji

累

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)

1. accumulate

Readings

• Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
• Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)^{←るゐ (ruwi, historical)}
• Kun: かさね (kasane, 累); かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる); しばる (shibaru, 累る); わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)^{←わづらはせ (wadurafase, historical)}

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Korean

Hanja

累 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

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Vietnamese

Han character

累: Hán Nôm readings: lụy/luỵ, lủi, lũy/luỹ, mệt, luy

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.