累
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See also: 纍
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Translingual[edit]
| Stroke order | |||
|---|---|---|---|
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Han character[edit]
累 (radical 120, 糸+5, 11 strokes, cangjie input 田女戈火 (WVIF), four-corner 60903, composition ⿱田糸)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 919, character 35
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27343
- Dae Jaweon: page 1351, character 6
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3381, character 4
- Unihan data for U+7D2F
Chinese[edit]
Glyph origin[edit]
| Old Chinese | |
|---|---|
| 摞 | *roːl, *roːls |
| 騾 | *roːl |
| 螺 | *roːl |
| 蔂 | *roːl, *rul |
| 虆 | *roːl, *rul |
| 瘰 | *roːlʔ |
| 礌 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 雷 | *ruːl |
| 擂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 攂 | *ruːl, *ruːls |
| 礧 | *ruːll, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 儡 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls |
| 瓃 | *ruːl, *rul, *ruls |
| 櫑 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鑘 | *ruːl, *ruːlʔ |
| 鐳 | *ruːl |
| 畾 | *ruːl |
| 轠 | *ruːl, *rulʔ |
| 罍 | *ruːl |
| 蕾 | *ruːlʔ |
| 癗 | *ruːlʔ |
| 磥 | *ruːlʔ |
| 累 | *ruːls, *rolʔ, *rols |
| 儽 | *ruːls, *rul |
| 樏 | *rolʔ, *rul |
| 鸓 | *rul, *rulʔ |
| 嫘 | *rul |
| 纍 | *rul, *ruls |
| 欙 | *rul |
| 纝 | *rul |
| 壘 | *rulʔ |
| 櫐 | *rulʔ |
| 蘽 | *rulʔ |
| 藟 | *rulʔ |
| 讄 | *rulʔ |
Folk etymology considers this character as an ideographic compound representing the tiredness after work. In ancient China, men were working in the field (田) while women sewed (糸).
Etymology[edit]
Various semantic fields can be distinguished:
- “to add; to accumulate”
- Related to 壘 (OC *rulʔ, “rampart; to build by piling rocks”), 厽 (OC *rolʔ), 絫 (OC *rolʔ) (Wang, 1982).
- “to damage; exhausted; tired”
- Related to 儽 (OC *ruːls, *rul, “tired”), 儡 (OC *ruːl, *ruːlʔ, *ruːls, “to injure”) (Schuessler, 2007). It can be compared with Khmer រួយ (ruəy, “tired; exhausted”), Mizo rawih (“weak; worn out; broken down”), Tibetan རུལ (rul, “to decay; to rot”), འབྲུལ ('brul, “to fall; to come out”), ཧྲུལ་པོ (hrul po, “torn; ragged”), སྲུལ (srul, “(archaic) to rot; to decompose”) (ibid.).
- “to bind; to wind around”
- See 纍 (OC *rul, *ruls).
Pronunciation 1[edit]
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
Definitions[edit]
累
- † to pile up; to heap up; to mount up; to accumulate
- † repeated; numerous; unremitting; continuous; persistent
- † to repeat; to replicate; to overlap
- † to add (to); to increase; to grow
- † to amount (to); to sum up (to)
- † Alternative form of 絫 (“ancient weight unit”).
- A surname.
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 累
Pronunciation 2[edit]
| trad. | 累/纍* | |
|---|---|---|
| simp. | 累 | |
Definitions[edit]
累
- † to involve; to implicate; to embroil; to entangle; to hinder
- † burden; tribulation; affliction; problem
- † to damage; to hurt; to do harm to; to stain; to sully
- † to entrust; to delegate; to devolve
- to cause trouble to; to trouble (someone)
- † suffering; misery; harm; disaster
- † fault; crime; slip; defect
- to strain; to wear out; to overwork; to overtax
- tired; weary; fatigued; exhausted
- (of work) hard; tiring; hardworking
- † verbose; long-winded; unnecessary; superfluous
- † wife and children; one's family
Synonyms[edit]
- (tired):
Synonyms of 累
Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 疲倦, 疲乏, 疲累, 疲憊 | |
| Mandarin | Beijing | 累, 乏 |
| Taiwan | 累 | |
| Jinan | 累, 乏 | |
| Xi'an | 乏, 累 | |
| Wuhan | 累 | |
| Chengdu | 累 | |
| Yangzhou | 累, 痿 | |
| Hefei | 累 | |
| Malaysia | 累 | |
| Singapore | 累 | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 攰 |
| Hong Kong | 攰 | |
| Yangjiang | 攰 | |
| Kuala Lumpur | 攰 | |
| Singapore | 攰 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 累 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 𤸁 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
| Liudui (S. Sixian) | 𤸁, 悿 | |
| Hsinchu (Hailu) | 悿 | |
| Dongshi (Dabu) | 悿, 𤸁 | |
| Hsinchu (Raoping) | 悿 | |
| Yunlin (Zhao'an) | 悿 | |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 吃力 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 乏, 累 |
| Min Bei | Jian'ou | 累, 軟 |
| Min Dong | Fuzhou | 弱 |
| Min Nan | Xiamen | 𤺪, 厭 |
| Quanzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
| Zhangzhou | 𤺪, 厭 | |
| Taipei | 𤺪, 忝 | |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Philippines (Manila Hokkien) | 𤺪 | |
| Chaozhou | 乏 | |
| Shantou | 乏 | |
| Jieyang | 乏 | |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 𤺪, 累 | |
| Wu | Suzhou | 吃力 |
| Wenzhou | 㾯, 吃力 | |
| Xiang | Changsha | 傫 |
| Shuangfeng | 鶴累 | |
Compounds[edit]
Derived terms from 累
Pronunciation 3[edit]
| For pronunciation and definitions of 累 – see 纍 (“rope; to tie; bull in mating season”). (This character, 累, is the simplified and variant traditional form of 纍.) |
Notes:
|
Pronunciation 4[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
Definitions[edit]
累
- Only used in 謼遫累.
Pronunciation 5[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
Definitions[edit]
累
- Only used in 肥累.
Pronunciation 6[edit]
| simp. and trad. |
累 | |
|---|---|---|
Definitions[edit]
累
Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
累
(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 纍)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kan-on: るい (rui, Jōyō)←るゐ (ruwi, historical)
- Kun: かさね (kasane, 累); かさねる (kasaneru, 累ねる); しばる (shibaru, 累る); わずらわせ (wazurawase, 累わせ)←わづらはせ (wadurafase, historical)
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
累 • (ru>nu) (hangeul 루>누, revised ru>nu, McCune–Reischauer ru>nu, Yale lwu>nwu)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
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