乏

乏 U+4E4F, 乏 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F ← 乎 [U+4E4E] CJK Unified Ideographs 乐 → [U+4E50]

Translingual

Etymology

Originally Ideogrammic compound (會意): 止 (“foot”) + 一 – a foot (止) running into a wall or barrier (一), indicating lack, incomplete. Compare 正 (“complete”).

Present form cursive simplification: 止 simplified to 之, 一 changed to 丿; compare semi-cursive 疋.

Han character

乏 (radical 4 丿+4, 5 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈弓人 (HINO), four-corner 2030₇, composition ⿱丿之)

Related characters

• 之, 疋, 正

References

• KangXi: page 82, character 10
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 133
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 1, page 34, character 3
• Unihan data for U+4E4F

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Chinese

simp. and trad.		乏

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 乏
Bronze inscriptions b01949 b01950 b01951 Large seal script L29409 Small seal script s01204
References: Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation), which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including: Shuowen Jiezi (small seal), Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions), Liushutong (large seal) and Xu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

Characters in the same phonetic series (乏) (Zhengzhang, 2003)
	Old Chinese
砭	*prom, *proms
貶	*promʔ
窆	*proms
泛	*pʰoms, *bob
姂	*pʰoms, *bob, *kpʰob
䒦	*pʰom, *pʰoms
柉	*bom
覂	*poŋʔ
眨	*sproːb
鴔	*brub
乏	*bob

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fá (fa²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄚˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fat⁶
• Min Nan (POJ): hoa̍t / ha̍t

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, Beijing)⁺
    • Pinyin: fá
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄚˊ
    • Wade-Giles: fa²
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: far
    • IPA ^(key): /fa̠³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fat⁶
    • Yale: faht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fed⁶
    • IPA ^(key): /fɐt̚²/
• Min Nan
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hoa̍t / ha̍t
    • Tâi-lô: hua̍t / ha̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hoat, hat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /huat̚²⁴/, /hat̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /huat̚¹²¹/, /hat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /huat̚⁴/, /hat̚⁴/

Note:

• hoa̍t - literary;
• ha̍t - vernacular.

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• Middle Chinese: /bɨɐp̚/▼

Rime
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	乏 (148)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房法切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨɐp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biɐp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biɐp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buap̚/
Li Rong	/biɐp̚/
Wang Li	/bĭwɐp̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯wɐp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fá

• Old Chinese▼

  (Baxter-Sagart): /*[b](r)[o]p/

  (Zhengzhang): /*bob/

Baxter-Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fá
Middle Chinese	‹ bjop ›
Old Chinese	/*[b](r)[o]p/
English	lack (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter-Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	乏
Reading #	1/1
No.	2852
Phonetic component	乏
Rime group	盍
Rime subdivision	3
Corresponding MC rime	乏
Old Chinese	/*bob/

Definitions

乏

1. to lack

   缺乏 (quēfá, “to lack; to be short of”)

2. poor

   貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá, “poor”)

   疲乏 (pífá, “tired”)

Compounds

• 不乏 (bùfá)
• 不乏其人
• 不虞匱乏／不虞匮乏
• 中饋乏人／中馈乏人
• 乏人
• 乏人問津／乏人问津 (fárénwènjīn)
• 乏倦
• 乏味 (fáwèi)
• 乏善可陳／乏善可陈
• 乏困 (fákùn)
• 乏地
• 乏手
• 乏月
• 乏桶
• 乏樣子／乏样子
• 乏煤
• 乏用
• 乏角兒／乏角儿
• 乏貨／乏货

• 乏趣
• 乏頓／乏顿
• 人困馬乏／人困马乏 (rénkùn-mǎfá)
• 倦乏
• 分身乏術／分身乏术
• 力乏兵衰
• 力困筋乏
• 勞乏／劳乏
• 匱乏／匮乏 (kuìfá)
• 周急繼乏／周急继乏
• 回天乏術／回天乏术
• 回生乏術／回生乏术
• 困乏 (kùnfá)
• 害乏
• 家道消乏
• 彈性疲乏／弹性疲乏
• 後繼乏人／后继乏人
• 後繼乏力／后继乏力
• 承乏

• 振貧濟乏／振贫济乏
• 春困秋乏
• 欲振乏力
• 歇乏
• 消乏
• 疲乏 (pífá)
• 疲乏強度／疲乏强度
• 空乏
• 窮乏／穷乏
• 絕乏／绝乏
• 缺乏 (quēfá)
• 謝乏／谢乏
• 貧乏／贫乏 (pínfá)
• 賑窮濟乏／赈穷济乏
• 返魂乏術／返魂乏术
• 道乏
• 銷乏／销乏
• 闕乏／阙乏
• 養乏／养乏

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Japanese

Kanji

乏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. poverty
2. lack
3. scarcity

Readings

• On: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)^{←ぼふ (bofu, historical)}
• Kun: とぼしい (toboshī, 乏しい, Jōyō)

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Korean

Hanja

乏 • (pip)

• Eumhun:
  • Sound (hangeul): 핍
  • Name (hangeul): 모자랄 (revised: mojaral, McCune-Reischauer: mojaral)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

• Naver Hanja Dictionary: 乏

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Vietnamese

Han character

乏 (phạp)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.