乏

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乏 U+4E4F, 乏
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E4F
← 乎
[U+4E4E] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 乐 →
[U+4E50]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

乏 (radical 4, 丿+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 竹戈弓人 (HINO), four-corner 20307, composition ⿱丿之)

References[edit]

Chinese[edit]

simp. and trad.
 乏

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 乏
Bronze inscriptions
ACC-b01949.svg

b01949

ACC-b01950.svg

b01950

ACC-b01951.svg

b01951

Small seal script
ACC-s01204.svg

s01204

Transcribed ancient scripts
ACC-L29409.svg

L29409

References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).
Characters in the same phonetic series (乏) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
砭 *prom, *proms
貶 *promʔ
窆 *proms
泛 *pʰoms, *bob
姂 *pʰoms, *bob, *kpʰob
䒦 *pʰom, *pʰoms
柉 *bom
覂 *poŋʔ
眨 *sproːb
鴔 *brub
乏 *bob

Perhaps an ideogram (指事) generated by replacing uppermost stroke of 正 (“straight; right”) with a slanted stroke 丿 — not right; lacking.

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • hoa̍t - literary;
  • ha̍t - vernacular.
Note:
  • huag8/huêg8 - literary (huêg8 - Chaozhou);
  • hêg8 - vernacular (“tired”);
  • hak8 - vernacular (“to lack”).
Rime
Character 乏
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 乏 (148)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房法切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/bɨɐp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biɐp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/biɐp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/buap̚/
Li
Rong 		/biɐp̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭwɐp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯wɐp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		fá
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 乏
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		fá
Middle
Chinese 		‹ bjop ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[b](r)[o]p/
English lack (v.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 乏
Reading # 1/1
No. 2852
Phonetic
component 		乏
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		乏
Old
Chinese 		/*bob/

Definitions[edit]

乏

  1. to lack
    缺乏  ―  quēfá  ―  to lack; to be short of
  2. poor
    貧乏 / 贫乏  ―  pínfá  ―  poor
  3. tired
    疲乏  ―  pífá  ―  tired

Synonyms[edit]

Dialectal synonyms of 累 (“tired”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 疲倦、疲乏、疲累、疲憊
Mandarin Beijing 累、乏
Taiwan 累
Jinan 累、乏
Xi'an 乏、累
Wuhan 累
Chengdu 累
Yangzhou 累、痿
Hefei 累
Cantonese Guangzhou 攰
Hong Kong 攰
Yangjiang 攰
Gan Nanchang 累
Hakka Meixian 𤸁
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 𤸁、悿
Liudui (S. Sixian) 𤸁、悿
Hsinchu (Hailu) 悿
Dongshi (Dabu) 悿、𤸁
Hsinchu (Raoping) 悿
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 悿
Jin Taiyuan 乏、累
Min Bei Jian'ou 累、軟
Min Dong Fuzhou 弱
Min Nan Xiamen 𤺪、厭
Quanzhou 𤺪、厭
Zhangzhou 𤺪、厭
Taipei 𤺪、忝
Penang 𤺪
Philippines (Manila) 𤺪
Chaozhou 乏
Shantou 乏
Wu Suzhou 吃力
Wenzhou 㾯、吃力
Xiang Changsha 傫
Shuangfeng 鶴累

Compounds[edit]

Japanese[edit]

Kanji[edit]

乏

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

  1. poverty
  2. lack
  3. scarcity

Readings[edit]

Korean[edit]

Hanja[edit]

乏 • (pip)

  • Eumhun:
    • Sound (hangeul): 핍
    • Name (hangeul): 모자랄 (revised: mojaral, McCune–Reischauer: mojaral)
  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References[edit]

Vietnamese[edit]

Han character[edit]

乏 (phạp)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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