shika

See also: shíká

Japanese

Romanization

shika

1. Rōmaji transcription of しか

Swahili

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya)

  (file)

Verb

-shika (infinitive kushika)

1. to hold, possess
2. to arrest
3. to stick, adhere

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shika
Positive present -nashika Subjunctive -shike Negative -shiki Imperative singular shika
Infinitives
Positive kushika Negative kutoshika
Imperatives
Singular shika Plural shikeni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushika Positive past positive subject concord + -lishika Negative past negative subject concord + -kushika
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashika) Singular Plural 1st person ninashika/nashika tunashika 2nd person unashika mnashika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashika wanashika other classes positive subject concord + -nashika
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shiki) Singular Plural 1st person sishiki hatushiki 2nd person hushiki hamshiki 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashiki hawashiki other classes negative subject concord + -shiki
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashika Negative future negative subject concord + -tashika
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shike) Singular Plural 1st person nishike tushike 2nd person ushike mshike 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashike washike other classes positive subject concord + -shike
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishike Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshika Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshika Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishika Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishika
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashika) Singular Plural 1st person nashika twashika 2nd person washika mwashika 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashika washika m-mi(III/IV) washika yashika ji-ma(V/VI) lashika yashika ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashika vyashika n(IX/X) yashika zashika u(XI) washika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashika pa(XVI) pashika mu(XVIII) mwashika
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshika "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashika "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashika "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishika "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhika Consecutive kashika / positive subject concord + -kashika Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashike
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishika -tushika 2nd person -kushika -washika/-kushikeni/-washikeni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshika -washika m-mi(III/IV) -ushika -ishika ji-ma(V/VI) -lishika -yashika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishika -vishika n(IX/X) -ishika -zishika u(XI) -ushika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushika pa(XVI) -pashika mu(XVIII) -mushika Reflexive -jishika
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shika- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shikaye -shikao m-mi(III/IV) -shikao -shikayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shikalo -shikayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikacho -shikavyo n(IX/X) -shikayo -shikazo u(XI) -shikao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shikako pa(XVI) -shikapo mu(XVIII) -shikamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shika) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshika -oshika m-mi(III/IV) -oshika -yoshika ji-ma(V/VI) -loshika -yoshika ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshika -vyoshika n(IX/X) -yoshika -zoshika u(XI) -oshika see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshika pa(XVI) -poshika mu(XVIII) -moshika
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Applicative: -shikia
  • Causative: -shikisha
  • Passive: -shikwa
  • Reciprocal: -shikana
  • Stative: -shikika
  • Static: -shikamana (“cohere, stick together”)
  • Other formations: -shika hatamu (“to take control, to lead”)

• Nominal derivations:
  • mshika (“holder”)