死者

Chinese

		to die; impassable; uncrossable to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid	‑ist, ‑er (person); person (who does something)
trad. (死者)		死	者
simp. #(死者)		死	者

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): sǐzhě

  (Zhuyin): ㄙˇ ㄓㄜˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): sei² ze²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sí-chá
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sí-chiá

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: sǐzhě [Phonetic: sízhě]
    • Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄓㄜˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhjhě
    • Wade–Giles: ssŭ³-chê³
    • Yale: sž-jě
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syyjee
    • Palladius: сычжэ (syčžɛ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: sei² ze²
    • Yale: séi jé
    • Cantonese Pinyin: sei² dze²
    • Guangdong Romanization: séi² zé²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /sei̯³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sí-chá
    • Hakka Romanization System: xi^ˋ za^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: xi³ za³
    • Sinological IPA: /si³¹ t͡sa³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí-chiá
    • Tâi-lô: sí-tsiá
    • Phofsit Daibuun: syciar
    • IPA (Xiamen): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/

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• Middle Chinese: sijX tsyaeX

Rime
Character	死	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	脂 (17)	麻 (100)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	息姊切	章也切
Baxter	sijX	tsyaeX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/sˠiɪX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Pan Wuyun	/sᵚiX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Shao Rongfen	/siɪX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/sjiX/	/ciaX/
Li Rong	/sjiX/	/t͡ɕiaX/
Wang Li	/siX/	/t͡ɕĭaX/
Bernard Karlgren	/siX/	/t͡ɕi̯aX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	sǐ	zhě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	si2	ze2

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ  tAʔ/

  (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ  tjaːʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	死	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	sǐ	zhě
Middle Chinese	‹ sijX ›	‹ tsyæX ›
Old Chinese	/*sijʔ/	/*tAʔ/
English	die (v.)	(nominalizing particle)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	死	者
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	12006	16960
Phonetic component	死	者
Rime group	脂	魚
Rime subdivision	2	0
Corresponding MC rime	死	者
Old Chinese	/*hljiʔ/	/*tjaːʔ/
Notes		說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說

Noun

死者

1. the dead; the deceased; the departed

   • 亡國不可以復存，死者不可以復生。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     亡国不可以复存，死者不可以复生。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Art of War, circa 5^th century BCE

     Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]

     The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

Synonyms

edit

• 亡人 (wángrén) (literary)
• 亡者 (wángzhě) (literary)
• 往生者 (wǎngshēngzhě) (Buddhism, euphemism)
• 故人 (gùrén) (literary)
• 死人 (sǐrén)
• 瓜碼子／瓜码子 (gua¹ ma³ zr) (Xiang)
• 聖人／圣人 (Hokkien, euphemism)
• 逝者 (shìzhě) (literary)

 

Antonyms

• 生者 (shēngzhě)

Derived terms

• 死者數／死者数 (sǐzhěshù)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (死者):

• → Japanese: 死(し)者(しゃ) (shisha)
• → Korean: 사자(死者) (saja)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
死	者
し Grade: 3	しゃ Grade: 3
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
死者 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

From Sinitic. Date of borrowing unknown. Compare modern Chinese 死者 (sǐzhě).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) ししゃ [shíꜜshà] (Atamadaka – [1])
• IPA^(key): [ɕiɕa̠]

Noun

死(し)者(しゃ) • (shisha) 

1. a dead person, the dead

   死(し)者(しゃ)の神(かみ)、エレボス

   Shisha no Kami, Erebosu

   Erebus, God of the Dead

Synonyms

• See Thesaurus:死人

See also

• 黄泉(よみ) (yomi): the land of the dead