复

See also: 復, 複, 覆, and 夏

复 U+590D, 复 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-590D ← 夌 [U+590C] CJK Unified Ideographs 夎 → [U+590E]

Translingual

Han character

复 (radical 35, 夊+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 人日竹水 (OAHE), four-corner 8040₇, composition ⿱𭥍夂(GHJV) or ⿱𭥍夊(T))

Derived characters

• 復 腹 複

References

• KangXi: not present, would follow page 245, character 10
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 869, character 6
• Unihan data for U+590D

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Chinese

trad.		復/複/覆
simp.		复
覆 is simplified to 复 only in meanings of "to return/reply". In other meanings, 覆 keeps the same form.

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 复
Shang	Western Zhou	Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Chu Slip and silk script	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk⁶

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Wade–Giles: fu4
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
    • Jyutping: fuk⁶
    • Yale: fuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚²/

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• Middle Chinese: /bɨuk̚/

Rime
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	並 (3)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	房六切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/bɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/biuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/biuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/buwk̚/
Li Rong	/biuk̚/
Wang Li	/bĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/bʱi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fú

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*m-p(r)uk/

  (Zhengzhang): /*buɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	fù
Middle Chinese	‹ bjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*m-p(r)uk/
English	return
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	复
Reading #	1/1
No.	3554
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	伏
Old Chinese	/*buɡ/

Definitions

复

1. to go back

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 復 (“to return; to repeat; etc.”). (This character, 复, is the simplified form of 復.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 複 (“to repeat; to double; to overlap; again”). (This character, 复, is the simplified form of 複.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Etymology 4

For pronunciation and definitions of 复 – see 覆 (“to cover; to tip over; etc.”). (This character, 复, is the former (1964-1986) first-round simplified form of 覆.)

Notes: Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Note: 覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆 反覆 回覆 still simplifies to 答复 反复 回复 in Simplified Chinese. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复，e.g. 翻覆、覆蓋、顛覆、傾覆、覆轍.

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Korean

Hanja

复 (eumhun 회복할 복 (hoebokhal bok))

Hanja

复 (eumhun 다시 부 (dasi bu))

same as 復

1. return
2. repeat
3. repeatedly

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Vietnamese

Han character

复 (phúc), 复 (phục), 复 (phức)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.