蝮

蝮 U+876E, 蝮 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-876E ← 蝭 [U+876D] CJK Unified Ideographs 蝯 → [U+876F]

Translingual

Han character

蝮 (Kangxi radical 142, 虫+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 中戈人日水 (LIOAE), four-corner 5814₇, composition ⿰虫复)

1. venomous snake, viper

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1091, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33309
• Dae Jaweon: page 1556, character 17
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2871, character 3
• Unihan data for U+876E

Chinese

trad.		蝮
simp. #		蝮
alternative forms		蝠 𧐛

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 蝮
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
愎	*brɯɡ
鍑	*puɡs, *puɡ
覆	*pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復	*buɡs, *buɡ
椱	*buɡs, *buɡ
複	*buɡs, *puɡ
馥	*brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹	*puɡ
輹	*puɡ, *buɡ
蝮	*pʰuɡ
蕧	*pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复	*buɡ
鰒	*buɡ
澓	*buɡ

Etymology

Possibly related to 伏 (OC *bɯɡ, “to lie down”) (Schuessler, 2007). Alternatively, it may be related to Proto-Sino-Tibetan *bəw (“insect; snake”) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): fù (fu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄈㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): fuk¹
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): hok

  (Teochew, Peng'im): hok⁴

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁷foq

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: fù
    • Zhuyin: ㄈㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: fù
    • Wade–Giles: fu⁴
    • Yale: fù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fuh
    • Palladius: фу (fu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: fuk¹
    • Yale: fūk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: fuk⁷
    • Guangdong Romanization: fug¹
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /fʊk̚⁵/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
    • Tâi-lô: hok
    • Phofsit Daibuun: hog
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: hok⁴
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hok
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /hokʰ²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁷foq
    • MiniDict: foh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴foq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /foʔ⁵⁵/

---

• Middle Chinese: phjuwk

Rime
Character	蝮
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	東 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	芳福切
Baxter	phjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰiuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰiuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰuwk̚/
Li Rong	/pʰiuk̚/
Wang Li	/pʰĭuk̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	fu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	fuk1

• Old Chinese

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰuɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	蝮
Reading #	1/1
No.	3547
Phonetic component	复
Rime group	覺
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	蝮
Old Chinese	/*pʰuɡ/

Definitions

蝮

1. pit viper

Compounds

• 虺蝮
• 蝮蛇 (fùshé)
• 蝮蛇螫手，壯士解腕／蝮蛇螫手，壮士解腕

 

Japanese

Kanji

蝮

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

1. pit viper

Readings

• Go-on: ふく (fuku)
• Kan-on: ふく (fuku)
• Kun: まむし (mamushi, 蝮)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
蝮
はみ Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

/pami₂/ → /pami/ → /fami/ → /hami/

From Old Japanese. Appears in the Wamyō Ruijushō dictionary of 938 CE.

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “derivations? also mi₂ might be wrong/”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ha̠mʲi]

Noun

蝮(はみ) or 蝮(ハミ) • (hami) 

1. (dated, possibly obsolete) mamushi, pit viper

Derived terms

• くちはみ (kuchihami), くちばみ (kuchibami)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
蝮
まむし Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

Compound of 真 (ma, “true”) + 虫 (mushi, “snake”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) まむし [màmúshí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [ma̠mɯ̟ᵝɕi]

Noun

蝮(まむし) or 蝮(マムシ) • (mamushi) 

1. Short for 日本蝮 (“mamushi (Gloydius blomhoffii)”).
2. (by extension) a pit viper, adder
   • 1999 July 22, “フレイム・ヴァイパー [Flame Viper]”, in Vol.4, Konami:

     シュルシュルと素(す)早(ばや)く動(うご)き、口(くち)から火(か)炎(えん)をはくマムシ。

     Shurushuru to subayaku ugoki, kuchi kara kaen o haku mamushi.

     A pit viper that spits fire and slithers swiftly.

3. person who is feared by others but gives no harm (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)
4. Short for まむし指.

Compounds

• 蝮(マムシ)草(グサ) (mamushigusa, Arisaema serratum)
• 蝮(まむし)丼(どん) (mamushi-don), 蝮(まむし)丼(どんぶり) (mamushi-donburi, alternative name of 鰻丼)
• マムシ属(ぞく) (mamushi-zoku)
• 日(ニ)本(ホン)蝮(マムシ) (Nihon mamushi, “mamushi”, Gloydius blomhoffii)

Korean

Hanja

蝮 • (bok) (hangeul 복, revised bok, McCune–Reischauer pok, Yale pok)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.