腹

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腹 U+8179, 腹
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8179
← 腸
[U+8178] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 腺 →
[U+817A]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

腹 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月人日水 (BOAE), four-corner 78247, composition ⿰月复)

References[edit]

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 990, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29722
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1442, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2097, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+8179

Chinese[edit]

trad. 腹
simp. # 腹

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 腹
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *puɡ): semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 复 (OC *buɡ) – a part of the body.

Etymology[edit]

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *d-puːk (“belly; vitals; hollow object; cave”); cognate with 𥨍 (“cave”), Tibetan ཕུགས (phugs, “innermost parts”), Burmese ဗိုက် (buik, “belly; pregnancy”), Chepang तुक्‌ (“belly; stomach”), Proto-Bodo-Garo *bi(ʔ)-buk (“guts”), Cogtse Situ [Term?] (tə-pōk, “belly”), Brag-bar Situ [Term?] (tə-vōk, “belly”), Proto-Tani *puk (“heart”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

Also compare Austroasiatic words: Proto-Mon-Khmer *bo()k (“belly”), Khmer ពោះ (pŭəh, “belly”), Vietnamese bụng (“belly”)(Shorto, 2006; Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • bug5 - vernacular;
    • fug5 - literary.
  • Jin
  • Min Bei
    • Note:
    • bŭ - vernacular;
    • hŭ - literary.
  • Min Dong
    • Note:
    • bók - vernacular;
    • hók - literary.
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • pak - vernacular;
    • hok - literary.
    Note:
    • bag4 - vernacular;
    • hog4 - literary.
  • Wu
  • Xiang
    • Rime
    Character 腹
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
    Final (韻) 東 (4)
    Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) III
    Fanqie 方六切
    Baxter pjuwk
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pɨuk̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/piuk̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/piuk̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/puwk̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/piuk̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pĭuk̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pi̯uk̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fuk1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 腹
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ pjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*p(r)uk/
    English belly

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 腹
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3543
    Phonetic
    component         		复
    Rime
    group         		覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		福
    Old
    Chinese         		/*puɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    腹

    1. (anatomy) belly; abdomen
    2. (figurative) belly-shaped object; belly (of a bottle, jar, etc.)
    3. (figurative) heart; mind
    4. (figurative) inside; interior

    Synonyms[edit]

    • (belly):
    Dialectal synonyms of 肚子 (“belly”) [map]
    Variety Location Words
    Classical Chinese 腹
    Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 腹, 腹部, 肚子
    Mandarin Beijing 肚子
    Taiwan 肚子
    Langfang 肚子
    Tangshan 肚子
    Cangzhou 肚子
    Baoding 肚子
    Shijiazhuang 肚子
    Daming 肚子
    Ulanhot 肚子
    Tongliao 肚子
    Chifeng 肚子
    Bayanhot 肚子
    Hulunbuir (Hailar) 肚子
    Harbin 肚子
    Yantai (Muping) 肚子
    Jinan 肚子
    Luoyang 肚子
    Wanrong 肚子
    Zhengzhou 肚
    Xi'an 肚子
    Yinchuan 肚子
    Lanzhou 肚子
    Xining 肚子
    Ürümqi 肚子
    Wuhan 肚子
    Huanggang 肚子
    Chengdu 肚皮, 肚子
    Guiyang 肚皮
    Guilin 肚子
    Liuzhou 肚子
    Xuzhou 肚子
    Yangzhou 肚子
    Nanjing 肚子
    Hefei 肚子
    Nantong 肚子
    Malaysia 肚子
    Singapore 肚子
    Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 肚子
    Olginsky (Mikhaylovka) 肚子
    Cantonese Guangzhou 肚
    Hong Kong 肚
    Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 肚
    Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) 肚
    Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 肚胈
    Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 肚胈
    Macau 肚
    Guangzhou (Panyu) 肚
    Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 肚
    Guangzhou (Conghua) 肚
    Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 肚
    Foshan 肚
    Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 肚
    Foshan (Shunde) 肚
    Foshan (Sanshui) 肚
    Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 肚
    Zhongshan (Shiqi) 肚
    Zhuhai (Qianshan) 肚
    Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) 肚
    Zhuhai (Doumen) 屎肚
    Jiangmen (Baisha) 肚
    Jiangmen (Xinhui) 肚
    Taishan 肚
    Kaiping (Chikan) 肚
    Enping (Niujiang) 肚
    Heshan (Yayao) 肚
    Dongguan 屎肚
    Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 肚
    Shenzhen (Dapeng) 肚胈
    Qingyuan 肚
    Fogang 肚
    Yingde (Hanguang) 肚胈
    Yangshan 肚
    Lianshan (Butian) 肚
    Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) 肚
    Shaoguan 肚
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肚
    Renhua 肚
    Lechang 肚
    Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) 肚
    Sihui 肚
    Guangning 肚
    Deqing 肚
    Huaiji 肚
    Fengkai (Nanfeng) 肚
    Yunfu 肚
    Xinxing 肚
    Luoding 肚
    Yunan (Pingtai) 肚
    Yangjiang 肚
    Xinyi 肚
    Lianjiang 肚
    Nanning 肚
    Wuzhou 肚
    Yulin 屎肚
    Hepu (Lianzhou) 肚煲
    Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 肚
    Singapore (Guangfu) 肚
    Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 肚
    Mandalay (Taishan) 肚
    Gan Nanchang 肚子
    Lichuan 肚仔, 肚
    Pingxiang 肚子
    Hakka Meixian 肚屎, 肚
    Xingning 肚胈
    Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) 肚胈, 肚屎
    Huidong (Daling) 肚胈
    Dongguan (Qingxi) 肚胈
    Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 肚胈
    Zhongshan (Wuguishan) 肚胈
    Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 肚胈
    Wuhua (Shuizhai) 肚屎, 肚胈
    Wuhua (Huacheng) 肚胈, 肚屎
    Wuhua (Changbu) 肚胈
    Wuhua (Mianyang) 肚屎
    Heyuan (Bendihua) 肚胈
    Shaoguan (Qujiang) 肚屎
    Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 屎肚
    Liannan 肚
    Conghua (Lütian) 肚胈
    Jiexi 肚屎
    Luhe 肚屎
    Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 食肚
    Changting 腹屎
    Wuping 肚屎
    Wuping (Yanqian) 肚屎
    Wuping (Pingyu) 肚屎
    Liancheng 腹屎
    Ninghua 腹屎
    Yudu 屎肚
    Ningdu 肚籮
    Ruijin 肚籮, 肚屎
    Shicheng 肚籮, 肚
    Shangyou (Shexi) 肚
    Tonggu (Sandu) 肚
    Ganzhou (Panlong) 肚
    Dayu 肚哩
    Miaoli (N. Sixian) 肚屎
    Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 肚屎
    Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 肚屎
    Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 肚屎
    Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 屎肚, 肚屎
    Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 屎肚
    Hong Kong 肚胈
    Yangxi (Tangkou) 肚
    Yangchun (Sanjia) 肚
    Xinyi (Sihe) 肚
    Xinyi (Qianpai) 肚
    Gaozhou (Xindong) 肚
    Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 肚
    Huazhou (Xin'an) 肚
    Lianjiang (Shijiao) 肚
    Lianjiang (Qingping) 肚屎
    Mengshan (Xihe) 肚胈
    Luchuan 肚
    Luchuan (Daqiao) 肚皮, 肚
    Sabah (Longchuan) 肚胈
    Senai (Huiyang) 肚胈
    Singkawang 肚屎
    Singapore (Meixian) 肚屎
    Singapore (Dabu) 肚屎
    Huizhou Jixi 肚
    Tunxi 肚
    Jin Taiyuan 肚子
    Xinzhou 肚子
    Taibus (Baochang) 肚
    Linhe 肚子
    Jining 肚
    Hohhot 肚
    Baotou 肚
    Dongsheng 肚子
    Haibowan 肚子
    Zhangjiakou 肚子
    Handan 肚
    Min Bei Jian'ou 腹
    Jian'ou (Dikou) 腹肚
    Songxi 腹肚
    Zhenghe 腹
    Zhenghe (Zhenqian) 腹鹵
    Jianyang 腹
    Wuyishan 腹
    Pucheng (Shibei) 腹屎, 腹仔, 腹肚
    Min Dong Fuzhou 腹肚
    Changle 腹肚
    Fuqing 腹肚
    Yongtai 腹肚
    Gutian 腹肚
    Fu'an 腹肚
    Ningde 腹肚
    Shouning 腹肚
    Zhouning 腹肚
    Fuding 腹肚
    Matsu 腹肚
    Min Nan Xiamen 腹肚
    Xiamen (Tong'an) 腹肚
    Quanzhou 腹肚
    Jinjiang 腹肚
    Hui'an 腹肚
    Anxi 腹肚, 食肚
    Yongchun 腹肚
    Dehua 腹肚
    Zhangzhou 腹肚
    Zhangzhou (Changtai) 腹肚
    Zhao'an 腹肚
    Dongshan 腹肚
    Taipei 腹肚
    New Taipei (Sanxia) 腹肚
    Kaohsiung 腹肚
    Yilan 腹肚
    Changhua (Lukang) 腹肚
    Taichung 腹肚
    Taichung (Wuqi) 腹肚
    Tainan 腹肚
    Taitung 腹肚
    Hsinchu 腹肚
    Kinmen 腹肚
    Penghu (Magong) 腹肚
    Penang (Hokkien) 腹肚
    Singapore (Hokkien) 腹肚
    Manila (Hokkien) 腹肚
    Longyan 屎肚
    Datian 腹肚
    Pingnan (Shangdu) 肚, 屎肚
    Chaozhou 肚
    Shantou 屎肚, 肚
    Shantou (Chaoyang) 肚
    Jieyang 屎肚, 肚
    Haifeng 肚
    Bangkok (Teochew) 肚
    Ho Chi Minh City (Teochew) 肚
    Johor Bahru (Teochew) 肚
    Singapore (Teochew) 肚
    Leizhou 肚
    Wenchang 肚屎
    Haikou 肚, 肚屎
    Singapore (Hainanese) 肚
    Puxian Min Putian 腹肚
    Xianyou 腹肚
    Min Zhong Yong'an 腹屎
    Sanyuan 腹屎
    Shaxian 腹屎
    Zhongshan Min Shaxi (Longdu) 肚腩, 肚
    Sanxiang 肚腩
    Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 肚
    Northern Pinghua Guilin (Dahe) 肚子
    Shehua Fu'an 肚屎
    Fuding 肚屎
    Luoyuan 肚屎
    Guixi (Zhangping) 肚
    Cangnan 肚屎
    Jingning 肚屎
    Lishui 肚屎
    Longyou 肚屎
    Chaozhou 肚
    Fengshun 肚屎
    Wu Shanghai 肚皮
    Shanghai (Chongming) 肚皮
    Suzhou 肚皮
    Wuxi 肚皮
    Danyang 肚皮
    Hangzhou 肚皮
    Ningbo 肚皮
    Wenzhou 肚
    Jinhua 肚皮, 肚
    Xiang Changsha 肚子
    Loudi 肚子
    Shuangfeng 肚子
    • (heart):

    Compounds[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Kanji[edit]

    腹

    (grade 6 “Kyōiku” kanji)

    1. abdomen
    2. belly
    3. stomach

    Readings[edit]

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms


    Kanji in this term
    腹
    はら
    Grade: 6
    kun’yomi

    Pronunciation[edit]

    Noun[edit]

    腹(はら) • (hara) 

    1. belly

    Derived terms[edit]

    Derived terms

    See also[edit]

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

    Korean[edit]

    Etymology[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 腹 (MC pjuwk). Recorded as Middle Korean 복〮 (pwók) (Yale: pwok) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

    Hanja[edit]

    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    腹 (eumhun 배 복 (bae bok))

    1. Hanja form? of 복 (“belly; abdomen; stomach”).

    Compounds[edit]

    Compounds

    References[edit]

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    腹: Hán Nôm readings: phúc, phục, phuốc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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