切腹
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]| close to; to cut; to slice | abdomen; stomach; belly | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (切腹) | 切 | 腹 | |
| simp. #(切腹) | 切 | 腹 | |
Etymology
[edit]Orthographic borrowing from Japanese 切腹 (seppuku).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cit3 fuk1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhiat-pak
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: qiēfù
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄝ ㄈㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ciefù
- Wade–Giles: chʻieh1-fu4
- Yale: chyē-fù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiefuh
- Palladius: цефу (cefu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵⁵ fu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: cit3 fuk1
- Yale: chit fūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsit8 fuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: qid3 fug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³ fʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiat-pak
- Tâi-lô: tshiat-pak
- Phofsit Daibuun: chiatpag
- Sinological IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ pak̚³²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
Verb
[edit]切⫽腹 (verb-object) (intransitive)
- to commit ritualized self-disembowelment; to commit ritualized suicide; to commit harakiri; to commit seppuku
Japanese
[edit]| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 切 | 腹 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 2 |
ふく > ぷく Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | |
Etymology
[edit]切 (setsu, “to cut”) + 腹 (fuku, “belly”)
Pronunciation
[edit]- Homophones: 折伏, 説伏, 説服
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 切腹する
| Plain | 切腹する | せっぷく・する | [sèppúkú sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 切腹して | せっぷく・して | [sèppúkú shìté] |
| Perfective | 切腹した | せっぷく・した | [sèppúkú shìtá] |
| Negative | 切腹しない | せっぷく・しない | [sèppúkú shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 切腹しなかった | せっぷく・しなかった | [sèppúkú shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切腹すれば | せっぷく・すれば | [sèppúkú sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 切腹したら | せっぷく・したら | [sèppúkú shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 切腹しろ 切腹せよ |
せっぷく・しろ せっぷく・せよ |
[sèppúkú shìró] [sèppúkú séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 切腹しよう | せっぷく・しよー | [sèppúkú shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 切腹したい | せっぷく・したい | [sèppúkú shìtáí] |
| Formal | 切腹します | せっぷく・します | [sèppúkú shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 切腹しません | せっぷく・しません | [sèppúkú shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 切腹しましょう | せっぷく・しましょー | [sèppúkú shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 切腹しました | せっぷく・しました | [sèppúkú shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 切腹し 切腹しに |
せっぷく・し せっぷく・しに |
[sèppúkú shì] [sèppúkú shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 切腹せず 切腹せずに |
せっぷく・せず せっぷく・せずに |
[sèppúkú séꜜzù] [sèppúkú séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 切腹される | せっぷく・される | [sèppúkú sàrérú] |
| Causative | 切腹させる 切腹さす |
せっぷく・させる せっぷく・さす |
[sèppúkú sàsérú] [sèppúkú sàsú] |
| Potential | 切腹できる | せっぷく・できる | [sèppúkú dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
[edit]- seppuku (ritual suicide by disembowelment)
- Synonym: 腹切り (harakiri)
- 2004 September 8, Hideaki Sorachi, “第十七訓 酔ってなくても酔ったふりして上司のヅラ取れ [Lesson 17: Even If You’re Not Drunk, Pretend to Be, and Snatch Your Boss’s Toupée]”, in 銀魂 [Silver Soul], volume 3 (fiction), Tokyo: Shueisha, →ISBN:
- いけェェ 局長ォ‼
- Ikēe Kyokuchōo‼
- Gooo, Captain!
- Shinē Fukuchō‼
- Dieee, Vice-Captain!
- Dare da ima shinettsutta no‼ Seppuku da korā‼
- Who said die!? Seppuku, now!
- いけェェ 局長ォ‼
Descendants
[edit]- → Chinese: 切腹 (qiēfù)
- → Danish: seppuku
- → English: seppuku
- → Polish: seppuku
- → Portuguese: seppuku
- → Russian: сэппуку (sɛppuku)
Verb
[edit]切腹する • (seppuku suru) suru (stem 切腹し (seppuku shi), past 切腹した (seppuku shita))
- to commit seppuku
Conjugation
[edit]| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 切腹し | せっぷくし | seppuku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 切腹し | せっぷくし | seppuku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 切腹する | せっぷくする | seppuku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 切腹する | せっぷくする | seppuku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 切腹すれ | せっぷくすれ | seppuku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 切腹せよ¹ 切腹しろ² |
せっぷくせよ¹ せっぷくしろ² |
seppuku seyo¹ seppuku shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 切腹される | せっぷくされる | seppuku sareru |
| Causative | 切腹させる 切腹さす |
せっぷくさせる せっぷくさす |
seppuku saseru seppuku sasu |
| Potential | 切腹できる | せっぷくできる | seppuku dekiru |
| Volitional | 切腹しよう | せっぷくしよう | seppuku shiyō |
| Negative | 切腹しない | せっぷくしない | seppuku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 切腹せず | せっぷくせず | seppuku sezu |
| Formal | 切腹します | せっぷくします | seppuku shimasu |
| Perfective | 切腹した | せっぷくした | seppuku shita |
| Conjunctive | 切腹して | せっぷくして | seppuku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 切腹すれば | せっぷくすれば | seppuku sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Synonyms
[edit]- 割腹 (kappuku)
References
[edit]- “切腹”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
Categories:
- Chinese terms borrowed from Japanese
- Chinese orthographic borrowings from Japanese
- Chinese terms derived from Japanese
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Mandarin verbs
- Cantonese verbs
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- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 切
- Chinese terms spelled with 腹
- Chinese separable verbs
- Chinese intransitive verbs
- zh:Suicide
- Japanese terms spelled with 切 read as せつ
- Japanese terms spelled with 腹 read as ふく
- Japanese terms read with on'yomi
- Japanese compound terms
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- Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent
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- Japanese verbs
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- ja:Suicide
