覆

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See also: 复 and 復
覆 U+8986, 覆
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8986
← 覅
[U+8985] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 覇 →
[U+8987]

覆 U+FAB7, 覆
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FAB7
← 襁
[U+FAB6] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 視 →
[U+FAB8]

Translingual[edit]

Han character[edit]

覆 (Kangxi radical 146, 襾+12, 18 strokes, cangjie input 一田竹人水 (MWHOE), four-corner 10247, composition ⿱覀復)

References[edit]

  • KangXi: page 1129, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 34789
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1598, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2808, character 9
  • Unihan data for U+8986

Chinese[edit]

trad. 覆
simp. 覆/复*
2nd round simp. 覄
alternative forms 覄
覆 is simplified to 复 only in meanings of "to return/reply". In other meanings, 覆 keeps the same form.

Glyph origin[edit]

Historical forms of the character 覆
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (复) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愎 *brɯɡ
鍑 *puɡs, *puɡ
覆 *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ
復 *buɡs, *buɡ
椱 *buɡs, *buɡ
複 *buɡs, *puɡ
馥 *brɯɡ, *buɡ
腹 *puɡ
輹 *puɡ, *buɡ
蝮 *pʰuɡ
蕧 *pʰuɡ, *buɡ
复 *buɡ
鰒 *buɡ
澓 *buɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *pʰuɡs, *buɡs, *pʰɯːɡ, *pʰuɡ): semantic 襾 + phonetic 復 (OC *buɡs, *buɡ).

Pronunciation[edit]

Note:
  • Hakka
  • Min Nan
    • Note:
    • phak - vernacular;
    • hok - literary.
    Rime
    Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
    Initial (聲) 滂 (2) 並 (3) 滂 (2) 滂 (2)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136) 東 (4) 登 (131)
    Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H) Checked (Ø) Checked (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open Open Open Open
    Division (等) III III III I
    Fanqie 敷救切 扶富切 芳福切 匹北切
    Baxter phjuwH bjuwH phjuwk phok
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/pʰɨuH/ /bɨuH/ /pʰɨuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/pʰiəuH/ /biəuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/pʰuwH/ /buwH/ /pʰuwk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Li
    Rong         		/pʰiuH/ /biuH/ /pʰiuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Wang
    Li         		/pʰĭəuH/ /bĭəuH/ /pʰĭuk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Bernard
    Karlgren         		/pʰi̯ə̯uH/ /bʱi̯ə̯uH/ /pʰi̯uk̚/ /pʰək̚/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		fòu fòu fu po
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		fau3 fau6 fuk1 pak1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		fù fù
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ phjuwH › ‹ phjuwk ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰ(r)uk-s/ /*pʰ(r)uk/
    English cover turn over

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 覆 覆 覆 覆
    Reading # 1/4 2/4 3/4 4/4
    No. 3536 3540 3541 3548
    Phonetic
    component         		复 复 复 复
    Rime
    group         		奧 奧 職 覺
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1 0 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		副 復 覆 蝮
    Old
    Chinese         		/*pʰuɡs/ /*buɡs/ /*pʰɯːɡ/ /*pʰuɡ/

    Definitions[edit]

    覆

    1. to cover
    2. to tip over
    3. to return (simplifies to 复)
    4. to reply (simplifies to 复)
    5. to overflow
    6. to capsize

    Usage notes[edit]

    覆 was always simplified to 复 in 1964-1986, but now it still simplifies to 复 only in the meaning of "to return/reply". So words like 答覆, 反覆 and 回覆 still simplify to 答复, 反复 and 回复 in Simplified Chinese respectively. But in other meanings, 覆 no longer simplifies to 复, e.g. 翻覆, 覆蓋, 顛覆, 傾覆, 覆轍.

    Compounds[edit]

    Derived terms from 覆

    References[edit]

    Japanese[edit]

    Shinjitai 覆
    Kyūjitai
    [1]
    覆󠄁
    覆+&#xE0101;?
    (Adobe-Japan1)
    覆󠄄
    覆+&#xE0104;?
    (Hanyo-Denshi)
    (Moji_Joho)
    The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment.
    See here for details.

    Kanji[edit]

    覆

    (common “Jōyō” kanji)

    1. capsize, cover, shade, mantle, be ruined

    Readings[edit]

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC pʰɨuk̚); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC pʰɨuH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From Middle Chinese 覆 (MC bɨuH); compare Mandarin 覆 (fù):

    From native Japanese roots:

    References[edit]

    1. ^ 1914, 漢和大辭書 (Kanwa Dai Jisho, “The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary”) (in Japanese), page 1939 (paper), page 1021 (digital), Tōkyō: 興文社 (Kōbunsha)

    Korean[edit]

    Hanja[edit]

    覆 (eumhun 다시 복 (dasi bok))

    1. Hanja form? of 복 (“again”).

    覆 (eumhun 덮을 부 (deopeul bu))

    1. Hanja form? of 부 (“cover”).
    2. Hanja form? of 부 (“tip over”).
    3. Hanja form? of 부 (“return”).
    4. Hanja form? of 부 (“reply”).

    Vietnamese[edit]

    Han character[edit]

    覆: Hán Nôm readings: phú, phủ, phúc

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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