hara

See also: Haara, haara, håra, -håra, Hara, hará, hara-, hárá, and ħara

Azerbaijani

Other scripts

Cyrillic		һара
Arabic		هارا

Etymology 1

From ha- (“interrogative stem”) +‎ ara (“space, place”). ha- is inherited from Proto-Turkic *ka-. For similar formations, see havaxt (“when”) and hayan (“which side, where, which direction”), from vaxt (“time”) and yan (“side”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɑrɑ]

Adverb

hara

1. where, what place

   Synonyms: hayan, hanı

   Bura haradır? ― What place is this?

   Sən indi haradasan? ― What place are you at now?

   Onlar haraya qaçırlar? ― What place are they running to?

   Bu kitabın axı harası pisdir? ― But, where is this book bad? (literally, “what place of it is bad?”)

2. (colloquial) whereto, to what place

   Synonyms: haraya, hayana

   Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

Declension

Declension of hara

	singular	plural
nominative	hara	haralar
definite accusative	haranı	haraları
dative	haraya	haralara
locative	harada	haralarda
ablative	haradan	haralardan
definite genitive	haranın	haraların

Possessive forms of hara

	nominative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	haram	haralarım
sənin (“your”)	haran	haraların
onun (“his/her/its”)	harası	haraları
bizim (“our”)	haramız	haralarımız
sizin (“your”)	haranız	haralarınız
onların (“their”)	harası or haraları	haraları
	accusative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	haramı	haralarımı
sənin (“your”)	haranı	haralarını
onun (“his/her/its”)	harasını	haralarını
bizim (“our”)	haramızı	haralarımızı
sizin (“your”)	haranızı	haralarınızı
onların (“their”)	harasını or haralarını	haralarını
	dative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	harama	haralarıma
sənin (“your”)	harana	haralarına
onun (“his/her/its”)	harasına	haralarına
bizim (“our”)	haramıza	haralarımıza
sizin (“your”)	haranıza	haralarınıza
onların (“their”)	harasına or haralarına	haralarına
	locative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	haramda	haralarımda
sənin (“your”)	haranda	haralarında
onun (“his/her/its”)	harasında	haralarında
bizim (“our”)	haramızda	haralarımızda
sizin (“your”)	haranızda	haralarınızda
onların (“their”)	harasında or haralarında	haralarında
	ablative
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	haramdan	haralarımdan
sənin (“your”)	harandan	haralarından
onun (“his/her/its”)	harasından	haralarından
bizim (“our”)	haramızdan	haralarımızdan
sizin (“your”)	haranızdan	haralarınızdan
onların (“their”)	harasından or haralarından	haralarından
	genitive
	singular	plural
mənim (“my”)	haramın	haralarımın
sənin (“your”)	haranın	haralarının
onun (“his/her/its”)	harasının	haralarının
bizim (“our”)	haramızın	haralarımızın
sizin (“your”)	haranızın	haralarınızın
onların (“their”)	harasının or haralarının	haralarının

Derived terms

• harada, harda (“where, at what place”)
  • haradasa, hardasa (“somewhere, at some place”)
• haraya
  • harayasa, harasa (“somewhere, to some place”)

See also

• bura (“here, this place”)
• ora (“there, that place place”)

Etymology 2

From elision of haraya, dative singular of hara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɑrɑ]

Adverb

hara

1. (colloquial) whither, to what place

   Hara gedirsən? ― Where are you going?

Phrase

hara ... hara (idiomatic)

1. what is X doing in Y?; It is quite unexpected to see X in Y

   Sən hara, bura hara?

   What are you doing here? It is very unexpected to see you here.

   (literally, “Where are you, [and] where is this place?”)

2. X is completely unfit/inappropriate for Y

   Toy hara, şortik geymək hara?

   It is completely inappropriate to wear shorts on a wedding.

   (literally, “Where is wedding, [and] where are shorts?”)

3. X is completely different from Y

   Beş yaş hara, on yaş hara?

   Five-year-olds are completely different ten-year-olds.

   (literally, “Where is the age of five, [and] where is the age of ten?”)

Cebuano

Etymology

From hari.

Noun

hara

1. a queen

Eastern Cham

Alternative forms

• ꨨꨣꨩ

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Chamic [Term?], from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.

Noun

hara

1. fig

Faroese

hara

harur

Etymology

Borrowed from Danish hare, from the East Norse reflex of Proto-Germanic *hasô.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɛaːɹa/
• Rhymes: -ɛaːɹa

Noun

hara f (genitive singular haru, plural harur)

1. hare (Lepus)

Declension

f1	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	hara	haran	harur	harurnar
accusative	haru	haruna	harur	harurnar
dative	haru	haruni	harum	harunum
genitive	haru	harunnar	hara	haranna

Derived terms

• bláhara
• haruætt
• páskahara
• pólhara
• snjóhara
• vetrarhara

Finnish

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *hara (“branch; forked tool”). Related to Estonian haru, Karelian hara, Veps aro, and more distantly to Northern Sami suorri (“branch of river”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɑrɑ/, [ˈhɑ̝rɑ̝]
• Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
• Syllabification^(key): ha‧ra
• Hyphenation^(key): ha‧ra

Noun

hara

1. fork hoe, hand hoe, hand cultivator
2. synonym of naara (“drag”)
3. (dialectal, especially Tavastia, North Karelia) harrow

   Synonyms: äes, karhi

4. (rare) synonym of kultivaattori (“cultivator”)

Declension

Inflection of hara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative		hara	harat
genitive		haran	harojen
partitive		haraa	haroja
illative		haraan	haroihin
		singular	plural
nominative		hara	harat
accusative	nom.	hara	harat
	gen.	haran
genitive		haran	harojen harain rare
partitive		haraa	haroja
inessive		harassa	haroissa
elative		harasta	haroista
illative		haraan	haroihin
adessive		haralla	haroilla
ablative		haralta	haroilta
allative		haralle	haroille
essive		harana	haroina
translative		haraksi	haroiksi
abessive		haratta	haroitta
instructive		—	haroin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of hara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative harani harani accusative nom. harani harani gen. harani genitive harani harojeni haraini rare partitive haraani harojani inessive harassani haroissani elative harastani haroistani illative haraani haroihini adessive harallani haroillani ablative haraltani haroiltani allative haralleni haroilleni essive haranani haroinani translative harakseni haroikseni abessive harattani haroittani instructive — — comitative — haroineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative harasi harasi accusative nom. harasi harasi gen. harasi genitive harasi harojesi haraisi rare partitive haraasi harojasi inessive harassasi haroissasi elative harastasi haroistasi illative haraasi haroihisi adessive harallasi haroillasi ablative haraltasi haroiltasi allative harallesi haroillesi essive haranasi haroinasi translative haraksesi haroiksesi abessive harattasi haroittasi instructive — — comitative — haroinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haramme haramme accusative nom. haramme haramme gen. haramme genitive haramme harojemme haraimme rare partitive haraamme harojamme inessive harassamme haroissamme elative harastamme haroistamme illative haraamme haroihimme adessive harallamme haroillamme ablative haraltamme haroiltamme allative harallemme haroillemme essive haranamme haroinamme translative haraksemme haroiksemme abessive harattamme haroittamme instructive — — comitative — haroinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative haranne haranne accusative nom. haranne haranne gen. haranne genitive haranne harojenne harainne rare partitive haraanne harojanne inessive harassanne haroissanne elative harastanne haroistanne illative haraanne haroihinne adessive harallanne haroillanne ablative haraltanne haroiltanne allative harallenne haroillenne essive harananne haroinanne translative haraksenne haroiksenne abessive harattanne haroittanne instructive — — comitative — haroinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative haransa haransa accusative nom. haransa haransa gen. haransa genitive haransa harojensa harainsa rare partitive haraansa harojaan harojansa inessive harassaan harassansa haroissaan haroissansa elative harastaan harastansa haroistaan haroistansa illative haraansa haroihinsa adessive harallaan harallansa haroillaan haroillansa ablative haraltaan haraltansa haroiltaan haroiltansa allative haralleen harallensa haroilleen haroillensa essive haranaan haranansa haroinaan haroinansa translative harakseen haraksensa haroikseen haroiksensa abessive harattaan harattansa haroittaan haroittansa instructive — — comitative — haroineen haroinensa

Derived terms

• harata
• haristaa
• harittaa
• haroa
• harottaa

compounds

• harajuuri

Further reading

• “hara”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• raha

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈha.ra/
• Rhymes: -ra, -a
• Hyphenation: ha‧ra

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

hara (plural hara-hara)

1. (zoology) Osteochilus melanopleura

Etymology 2

Learned borrowing from Old Javanese ara, hara, hāra, āhāra (“food”), from Sanskrit आहार (āhāra, “food”).

Noun

hara (plural hara-hara)

1. nutrient

   Synonyms: nutrien, zat gizi

Further reading

• “hara”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Noun

hara

1. h-prothesized form of ara

Japanese

Romanization

hara

1. Rōmaji transcription of はら

Latin

Etymology

Unknown.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈha.ra]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈaː.ra]

Noun

hara f (genitive harae); first declension

1. An animal pen.
2. A chicken coop.
3. A pigsty.

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	hara	harae
genitive	harae	harārum
dative	harae	harīs
accusative	haram	harās
ablative	harā	harīs
vocative	hara	harae

References

• “hara”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hara”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Maori

Etymology

From Proto-Polynesian *sala (cognate with Hawaiian hala), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *salaq (compare with Malay salah).

Verb

hara

1. to be in violation of a tapu
2. to transgress
3. to commit a sin
4. to violate the law
5. to offend

Usage notes

In traditional society the word was used primarily for an offence from the violation of tapu. With the introduction of Christianity, the meaning widened to include sin and deliberate offending, and then offending in violation of rules, regulations and the law.

Noun

hara

1. sin
2. foul
3. crime, offence, transgression, wrongdoing
4. gaffe
5. infringement
6. fault
7. problem

References

• “hara” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Middle English

Noun

hara

1. (Early Middle English) alternative form of hare (“hare”)

Northern Ohlone

Etymology

Compare Southern Ohlone hara (“to give”).

Adjective

hara

1. to give

   haray kiš

   give me (imperative)

References

• María de los Angeles Colós, José Guzman, and John Peabody Harrington (1930s), Chochenyo Field Notes (Survey of California and Other Indian Langauges)‎^[3], Unpublished

Old English

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *hasō ~ *haʀ-, from the voiced Verner alternant of Proto-Germanic *hasô. Cognate with Old Frisian hasa, Old Saxon haso, Old Dutch *haso, Old High German haso, Old Norse heri.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑ.rɑ/, [ˈhɑ.rɑ]

Noun

hara m

1. rabbit, hare

Declension

Weak:

	singular	plural
nominative	hara	haran
accusative	haran	haran
genitive	haran	harena
dative	haran	harum

Descendants

• Middle English: hare
  • English: hare
  • Scots: hare, hair

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxɑː.rɑ/, [ˈhɑː.rɑ]

Adjective

hāra

1. inflection of hār:
   1. strong nominative/accusative feminine plural
   2. weak nominative masculine singular

Old Javanese

Alternative forms

• ara

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ha.ra/
• Homophone: hāra
• Hyphenation: ha‧ra

Etymology 1

Particle

hara

1. emphatic particle in address

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀa.

Noun

hara

1. Ficus

Etymology 3

Noun

hara

1. alternative spelling of āhāra (“food”)

Further reading

• P. J. Zoetmulder (1982), Old Javanese-English dictionary‎^[4], 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, →ISBN, →OCLC

Oromo

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɐrɐ/

Noun

hara

1. lake

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• 𑀳𑀭 (Brahmi script)
• हर (Devanagari script)
• হর (Bengali script)
• හර (Sinhalese script)
• ဟရ or ႁရ (Burmese script)
• หร or หะระ (Thai script)
• ᩉᩁ (Tai Tham script)
• ຫຣ or ຫະຣະ (Lao script)
• ហរ (Khmer script)
• 𑄦𑄢 (Chakma script)

Etymology

Extracted from harati.

Verb

hara

1. imperative active second-person singular of harati (“to take away”)

Noun

hara n

1. Name of the Pali root har
   • [c. 500 AD, Dhatumañjusa; republished in Dines Andersen & Helmer Smith, The Pāli Dhātupāṭha and the Dhātumañjūsā, Copenhagen: Andr. Fred. Host & son, 1921, page 36:

     62. Tara taraṇasmiṃ thara santharaṇe
     bhara bharaṇasmiṃ phara sampharaṇe
     sara gati-cintā-hiṃsā-sadde
     phura calanādo hara haraṇamhi

     62. Tar for crossing, thar for spreading, / bhar for supporting, phar for pervasion, / sar for motion, thought, crushing and noise, / phur for shaking, har for taking.]

Swahili

Etymology

Possibly from Arabic خ ر ء (ḵ-r-ʔ, “to defecate”). Compare Arabic خراء.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-hara (infinitive kuhara)

1. to defecate

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hara
Positive present -nahara Subjunctive -hare Negative -hari Imperative singular hara
Infinitives
Positive kuhara Negative kutohara
Imperatives
Singular hara Plural hareni
Tensed forms
Habitual huhara Positive past positive subject concord + -lihara Negative past negative subject concord + -kuhara
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nahara) Singular Plural 1st person ninahara/nahara tunahara 2nd person unahara mnahara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anahara wanahara other classes positive subject concord + -nahara
Negative present (negative subject concord + -hari) Singular Plural 1st person sihari hatuhari 2nd person huhari hamhari 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hahari hawahari other classes negative subject concord + -hari
Positive future positive subject concord + -tahara Negative future negative subject concord + -tahara
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -hare) Singular Plural 1st person nihare tuhare 2nd person uhare mhare 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahare wahare other classes positive subject concord + -hare
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sihare Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngehara Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singehara Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalihara Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalihara
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ahara) Singular Plural 1st person nahara twahara 2nd person wahara mwahara 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ahara wahara m-mi(III/IV) wahara yahara ji-ma(V/VI) lahara yahara ki-vi(VII/VIII) chahara vyahara n(IX/X) yahara zahara u(XI) wahara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwahara pa(XVI) pahara mu(XVIII) mwahara
Perfect positive subject concord + -mehara "Already" positive subject concord + -meshahara "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jahara "If/When" positive subject concord + -kihara "If not" positive subject concord + -sipohara Consecutive kahara / positive subject concord + -kahara Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kahare
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nihara -tuhara 2nd person -kuhara -wahara/-kuhareni/-wahareni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mhara -wahara m-mi(III/IV) -uhara -ihara ji-ma(V/VI) -lihara -yahara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kihara -vihara n(IX/X) -ihara -zihara u(XI) -uhara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kuhara pa(XVI) -pahara mu(XVIII) -muhara Reflexive -jihara
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -hara- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -haraye -harao m-mi(III/IV) -harao -harayo ji-ma(V/VI) -haralo -harayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -haracho -haravyo n(IX/X) -harayo -harazo u(XI) -harao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -harako pa(XVI) -harapo mu(XVIII) -haramo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -hara) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yehara -ohara m-mi(III/IV) -ohara -yohara ji-ma(V/VI) -lohara -yohara ki-vi(VII/VIII) -chohara -vyohara n(IX/X) -yohara -zohara u(XI) -ohara see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kohara pa(XVI) -pohara mu(XVIII) -mohara
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Causative: -harisha

Swedish

Etymology

From hare +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hɑːra/

Verb

hara (present harar, preterite harade, supine harat, imperative hara)

1. to trot; to move in a way that reminds the movement of a hare

   Nu ska jag hara iväg till affären. ― I'll trot to the store now.

Usage notes

Mostly used with iväg (“away, off to”).

Conjugation

Conjugation of hara (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	hara		haras
supine	harat		harats
imperative	hara		—
imper. plural1	haren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	harar	harade	haras	harades
ind. plural1	hara	harade	haras	harades
subjunctive2	hare	harade	hares	harades
present participle		harande
past participle		harad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

References

• Borin, Lars; Forsberg, Markus; Olsson, Leif-Jöran; Uppström, Jonatan (2012), “The open lexical infrastructure of Språkbanken”, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation‎^[5], Istanbul: ELRA

Thao

Noun

hara

1. turtle

Tooro

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *-páda (“to scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /hâɾa/

Verb

-hara (infinitive okuhara)

1. (transitive) to claw, to scrape

   Near-synonyms: -agura, -korogota

2. (transitive) to chip (to break small pieces from)

   Near-synonym: -baija

3. (transitive) to gnaw at

   Synonym: -pekenya

4. (intransitive, of a surface) to be rough

   Synonym: -siiha

Conjugation

Conjugation of -hara

infinitives affirmative okuhara negative okutahara imperatives affirmative hara negative (see second-person negative subjunctive forms) tense polarity basic forms relative forms1 present habitual affirmative subject concord + -hara person noun class singular plural first person mpara tuhara second person ohara muhara third person 1/2 ahara bahara 3/4 guhara ehara 5/6 lihara gahara 7/8 kihara bihara 9/10 ehara zihara 11/10 ruhara 12/14 kahara buhara 13 — tuhara 14/6 buhara gahara 15/6 kuhara 16 hahara — negative ti- + subject concord + -hara person noun class singular plural first person timpara tituhara second person tohara timuhara third person 1/2 tahara tibahara 3/4 tiguhara tehara 5/6 tirihara tigahara 7/8 tikihara tibihara 9/10 tehara tizihara 11/10 tiruhara 12/14 tikahara tibuhara 13 — tituhara 14/6 tibuhara tigahara 15/6 tikuhara 16 tihahara — subject concord + -tahara present continuous affirmative ni- + subject concord + -hara person noun class singular plural first person nimpara nituhara second person noohara nimuhara third person 1/2 naahara nibahara 3/4 niguhara neehara 5/6 nirihara nigahara 7/8 nikihara nibihara 9/10 neehara nizihara 11/10 niruhara 12/14 nikahara nibuhara 13 — nituhara 14/6 nibuhara nigahara 15/6 nikuhara 16 nihahara — subject concord + -rukuhara negative ti- + subject concord + -rukuhara person noun class singular plural first person tindukuhara titurukuhara second person torukuhara timurukuhara third person 1/2 tarukuhara tibarukuhara 3/4 tigurukuhara terukuhara 5/6 tirirukuhara tigarukuhara 7/8 tikirukuhara tibirukuhara 9/10 terukuhara tizirukuhara 11/10 tirurukuhara 12/14 tikarukuhara tiburukuhara 13 — titurukuhara 14/6 tiburukuhara tigarukuhara 15/6 tikurukuhara 16 tiharukuhara — subject concord + -tarukuhara present continuative affirmative ni- + subject concord + -kyahara person noun class singular plural first person ninkyahara nitukyahara second person nookyahara nimukyahara third person 1/2 naakyahara nibakyahara 3/4 nigukyahara neekyahara 5/6 nirikyahara nigakyahara 7/8 nikikyahara nibikyahara 9/10 neekyahara nizikyahara 11/10 nirukyahara 12/14 nikakyahara nibukyahara 13 — nitukyahara 14/6 nibukyahara nigakyahara 15/6 nikukyahara 16 nihakyahara — subject concord + -rukukyahara negative ti- + subject concord + -kyahara person noun class singular plural first person tinkyahara titukyahara second person tokyahara timukyahara third person 1/2 takyahara tibakyahara 3/4 tigukyahara tekyahara 5/6 tirikyahara tigakyahara 7/8 tikikyahara tibikyahara 9/10 tekyahara tizikyahara 11/10 tirukyahara 12/14 tikakyahara tibukyahara 13 — titukyahara 14/6 tibukyahara tigakyahara 15/6 tikukyahara 16 tihakyahara — subject concord + -takyahara virtual present affirmative subject concord + -ahara person noun class singular plural first person nahara twahara second person wahara mwahara third person 1/2 yahara baahara 3/4 gwahara yahara 5/6 lyahara gaahara 7/8 kyahara byahara 9/10 yahara zaahara 11/10 rwahara 12/14 kaahara bwahara 13 — twahara 14/6 bwahara gaahara 15/6 kwahara 16 haahara — negative ti- + subject concord + ahara person noun class singular plural first person tinahara titwahara second person tiwahara timwahara third person 1/2 tiyahara tibaahara 3/4 tigwahara tiyahara 5/6 tiryahara tigaahara 7/8 tikyahara tibyahara 9/10 tiyahara tizaahara 11/10 tirwahara 12/14 tikaahara tibwahara 13 — titwahara 14/6 tibwahara tigaahara 15/6 tikwahara 16 tihaahara — subject concord + -taahara present perfect affirmative subject concord + -hazire person noun class singular plural first person mpazire tuhazire second person ohazire muhazire third person 1/2 ahazire bahazire 3/4 guhazire ehazire 5/6 lihazire gahazire 7/8 kihazire bihazire 9/10 ehazire zihazire 11/10 ruhazire 12/14 kahazire buhazire 13 — tuhazire 14/6 buhazire gahazire 15/6 kuhazire 16 hahazire — negative ti- + subject concord + -hazire person noun class singular plural first person timpazire tituhazire second person tohazire timuhazire third person 1/2 tahazire tibahazire 3/4 tiguhazire tehazire 5/6 tirihazire tigahazire 7/8 tikihazire tibihazire 9/10 tehazire tizihazire 11/10 tiruhazire 12/14 tikahazire tibuhazire 13 — tituhazire 14/6 tibuhazire tigahazire 15/6 tikuhazire 16 tihahazire — subject concord + -tahazire near perfective affirmative subject concord + -akahara person noun class singular plural first person nakahara twakahara second person wakahara mwakahara third person 1/2 yakahara baakahara 3/4 gwakahara yakahara 5/6 lyakahara gaakahara 7/8 kyakahara byakahara 9/10 yakahara zaakahara 11/10 rwakahara 12/14 kaakahara bwakahara 13 — twakahara 14/6 bwakahara gaakahara 15/6 kwakahara 16 haakahara — negative ti- + subject concord + -kahazire person noun class singular plural first person tinkahazire titukahazire second person tokahazire timukahazire third person 1/2 takahazire tibakahazire 3/4 tigukahazire tekahazire 5/6 tirikahazire tigakahazire 7/8 tikikahazire tibikahazire 9/10 tekahazire tizikahazire 11/10 tirukahazire 12/14 tikakahazire tibukahazire 13 — titukahazire 14/6 tibukahazire tigakahazire 15/6 tikukahazire 16 tihakahazire — subject concord + -takahazire near past affirmative subject concord + -hazirege person noun class singular plural first person mpazirege tuhazirege second person ohazirege muhazirege third person 1/2 ahazirege bahazirege 3/4 guhazirege ehazirege 5/6 lihazirege gahazirege 7/8 kihazirege bihazirege 9/10 ehazirege zihazirege 11/10 ruhazirege 12/14 kahazirege buhazirege 13 — tuhazirege 14/6 buhazirege gahazirege 15/6 kuhazirege 16 hahazirege — negative ti- + subject concord + -hazirege person noun class singular plural first person timpazirege tituhazirege second person tohazirege timuhazirege third person 1/2 tahazirege tibahazirege 3/4 tiguhazirege tehazirege 5/6 tirihazirege tigahazirege 7/8 tikihazirege tibihazirege 9/10 tehazirege tizihazirege 11/10 tiruhazirege 12/14 tikahazirege tibuhazirege 13 — tituhazirege 14/6 tibuhazirege tigahazirege 15/6 tikuhazirege 16 tihahazirege — subject concord + -tahazirege remote past affirmative subject concord + -kahara person noun class singular plural first person nkahara tukahara second person okahara mukahara third person 1/2 akahara bakahara 3/4 gukahara ekahara 5/6 likahara gakahara 7/8 kikahara bikahara 9/10 ekahara zikahara 11/10 rukahara 12/14 kakahara bukahara 13 — tukahara 14/6 bukahara gakahara 15/6 kukahara 16 hakahara — subject concord + -ahazire negative subject concord + -tahale person noun class singular plural first person ntahale tutahale second person otahale mutahale third person 1/2 atahale batahale 3/4 gutahale etahale 5/6 litahale gatahale 7/8 kitahale bitahale 9/10 etahale ziitahale 11/10 rutahale 12/14 katahale butahale 13 — tutahale 14/6 butahale gatahale 15/6 kutahale 16 hatahale — subject concord + -tarahazire experiential perfective affirmative subject concord + -rahazire person noun class singular plural first person ndahazire turahazire second person orahazire murahazire third person 1/2 arahazire barahazire 3/4 gurahazire erahazire 5/6 lirahazire garahazire 7/8 kirahazire birahazire 9/10 erahazire zirahazire 11/10 rurahazire 12/14 karahazire burahazire 13 — turahazire 14/6 burahazire garahazire 15/6 kurahazire 16 harahazire — negative ti- + subject concord + -kaharaga person noun class singular plural first person tinkaharaga titukaharaga second person tokaharaga timukaharaga third person 1/2 takaharaga tibakaharaga 3/4 tigukaharaga tekaharaga 5/6 tirikaharaga tigakaharaga 7/8 tikikaharaga tibikaharaga 9/10 tekaharaga tizikaharaga 11/10 tirukaharaga 12/14 tikakaharaga tibukaharaga 13 — titukaharaga 14/6 tibukaharaga tigakaharaga 15/6 tikukaharaga 16 tihakaharaga — subject concord + -takaharaga cessative perfective affirmative subject concord + -aahazire person noun class singular plural first person naahazire twahazire second person waahazire mwahazire third person 1/2 yaahazire baahazire 3/4 gwahazire yaahazire 5/6 lyahazire gaahazire 7/8 kyahazire byahazire 9/10 yaahazire zaahazire 11/10 rwahazire 12/14 kaahazire bwahazire 13 — twahazire 14/6 bwahazire gaahazire 15/6 kwahazire 16 haahazire — past habitual affirmative subject concord + -aharaga person noun class singular plural first person naharaga twaharaga second person waharaga mwaharaga third person 1/2 yaharaga baaharaga 3/4 gwaharaga yaharaga 5/6 lyaharaga gaaharaga 7/8 kyaharaga byaharaga 9/10 yaharaga zaaharaga 11/10 rwaharaga 12/14 kaaharaga bwaharaga 13 — twaharaga 14/6 bwaharaga gaaharaga 15/6 kwaharaga 16 haaharaga — negative ti- + subject concord + aharaga person noun class singular plural first person tinaharaga titwaharaga second person tiwaharaga timwaharaga third person 1/2 tiyaharaga tibaaharaga 3/4 tigwaharaga tiyaharaga 5/6 tiryaharaga tigaaharaga 7/8 tikyaharaga tibyaharaga 9/10 tiyaharaga tizaaharaga 11/10 tirwaharaga 12/14 tikaaharaga tibwaharaga 13 — titwaharaga 14/6 tibwaharaga tigaaharaga 15/6 tikwaharaga 16 tihaaharaga — subject concord + -taaharaga near future affirmative subject concord + -raahara person noun class singular plural first person ndaahara turaahara second person oraahara muraahara third person 1/2 araahara baraahara 3/4 guraahara eraahara 5/6 liraahara garaahara 7/8 kiraahara biraahara 9/10 eraahara ziraahara 11/10 ruraahara 12/14 karaahara buraahara 13 — turaahara 14/6 buraahara garaahara 15/6 kuraahara 16 haraahara — negative ti- + subject concord + -aahale person noun class singular plural first person tinaahale titwahale second person tiwaahale timwahale third person 1/2 tiyaahale tibaahale 3/4 tigwahale tiyaahale 5/6 tiryahale tigaahale 7/8 tikyahale tibyahale 9/10 tiyaahale tizaahale 11/10 tirwahale 12/14 tikaahale tibwahale 13 — titwahale 14/6 tibwahale tigaahale 15/6 tikwahale 16 tihaahale — subject concord + -taahale remote future affirmative subject concord + -lihara person noun class singular plural first person ndihara tulihara second person olihara mulihara third person 1/2 alihara balihara 3/4 gulihara erihara 5/6 lirihara galihara 7/8 kirihara birihara 9/10 erihara zirihara 11/10 rulihara 12/14 kalihara bulihara 13 — tulihara 14/6 bulihara galihara 15/6 kulihara 16 halihara — negative ti- + subject concord + -lihara person noun class singular plural first person tindihara titulihara second person tolihara timulihara third person 1/2 talihara tibalihara 3/4 tigulihara terihara 5/6 tiririhara tigalihara 7/8 tikirihara tibirihara 9/10 terihara tizirihara 11/10 tirulihara 12/14 tikalihara tibulihara 13 — titulihara 14/6 tibulihara tigalihara 15/6 tikulihara 16 tihalihara — subject concord + -talihara future habitual affirmative subject concord + -raaharaga person noun class singular plural first person ndaaharaga turaaharaga second person oraaharaga muraaharaga third person 1/2 araaharaga baraaharaga 3/4 guraaharaga eraaharaga 5/6 liraaharaga garaaharaga 7/8 kiraaharaga biraaharaga 9/10 eraaharaga ziraaharaga 11/10 ruraaharaga 12/14 karaaharaga buraaharaga 13 — turaaharaga 14/6 buraaharaga garaaharaga 15/6 kuraaharaga 16 haraaharaga — negative ti- + subject concord + -aahalege person noun class singular plural first person tinaahalege titwahalege second person tiwaahalege timwahalege third person 1/2 tiyaahalege tibaahalege 3/4 tigwahalege tiyaahalege 5/6 tiryahalege tigaahalege 7/8 tikyahalege tibyahalege 9/10 tiyaahalege tizaahalege 11/10 tirwahalege 12/14 tikaahalege tibwahalege 13 — titwahalege 14/6 tibwahalege tigaahalege 15/6 tikwahalege 16 tihaahalege — subject concord + -taahalege subjunctive affirmative subject concord + hale person noun class singular plural first person mpale tuhale second person ohale muhale third person 1/2 ahale bahale 3/4 guhale ehale 5/6 lihale gahale 7/8 kihale bihale 9/10 ehale zihale 11/10 ruhale 12/14 kahale buhale 13 — tuhale 14/6 buhale gahale 15/6 kuhale 16 hahale — negative subject concord + -tahara person noun class singular plural first person ntahara tutahara second person otahara mutahara third person 1/2 atahara batahara 3/4 gutahara etahara 5/6 litahara gatahara 7/8 kitahara bitahara 9/10 etahara zitahara 11/10 rutahara 12/14 katahara butahara 13 — tutahara 14/6 butahara gatahara 15/6 kutahara 16 hatahara — — subjunctive habitual affirmative subject concord + halege person noun class singular plural first person mpalege tuhalege second person ohalege muhalege third person 1/2 ahalege bahalege 3/4 guhalege ehalege 5/6 lihalege gahalege 7/8 kihalege bihalege 9/10 ehalege zihalege 11/10 ruhalege 12/14 kahalege buhalege 13 — tuhalege 14/6 buhalege gahalege 15/6 kuhalege 16 hahalege — hypothetical affirmative subject concord + -aakuhara person noun class singular plural first person naakuhara twakuhara second person waakuhara mwakuhara third person 1/2 yaakuhara baakuhara 3/4 gwakuhara yaakuhara 5/6 lyakuhara gaakuhara 7/8 kyakuhara byakuhara 9/10 yaakuhara zaakuhara 11/10 rwakuhara 12/14 kaakuhara bwakuhara 13 — twakuhara 14/6 bwakuhara gaakuhara 15/6 kwakuhara 16 haakuhara — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakuhara person noun class singular plural first person tinaakuhara titwakuhara second person tiwaakuhara timwakuhara third person 1/2 tiyaakuhara tibaakuhara 3/4 tigwakuhara tiyaakuhara 5/6 tiryakuhara tigaakuhara 7/8 tikyakuhara tibyakuhara 9/10 tiyaakuhara tizaakuhara 11/10 tirwakuhara 12/14 tikaakuhara tibwakuhara 13 — titwakuhara 14/6 tibwakuhara tigaakuhara 15/6 tikwakuhara 16 tihaakuhara — subject concord + -taakuhara conditional affirmative subject concord + -aakuhazire person noun class singular plural first person naakuhazire twakuhazire second person waakuhazire mwakuhazire third person 1/2 yaakuhazire baakuhazire 3/4 gwakuhazire yaakuhazire 5/6 lyakuhazire gaakuhazire 7/8 kyakuhazire byakuhazire 9/10 yaakuhazire zaakuhazire 11/10 rwakuhazire 12/14 kaakuhazire bwakuhazire 13 — twakuhazire 14/6 bwakuhazire gaakuhazire 15/6 kwakuhazire 16 haakuhazire — negative ti- + subject concord + -aakuhazire person noun class singular plural first person tinaakuhazire titwakuhazire second person tiwaakuhazire timwakuhazire third person 1/2 tiyaakuhazire tibaakuhazire 3/4 tigwakuhazire tiyaakuhazire 5/6 tiryakuhazire tigaakuhazire 7/8 tikyakuhazire tibyakuhazire 9/10 tiyaakuhazire tizaakuhazire 11/10 tirwakuhazire 12/14 tikaakuhazire tibwakuhazire 13 — titwakuhazire 14/6 tibwakuhazire tigaakuhazire 15/6 tikwakuhazire 16 tihaakuhazire — subject concord + -taakuhazire object concords person noun class singular plural first person -mpara -tuhara second person -kuhara -bahara third person 1/2 -muhara 3/4 -guhara -gihara 5/6 -lihara -gahara 7/8 -kihara -bihara 9/10 -gihara -zihara 11/10 -ruhara 12/14 -kahara -buhara 13 — -tuhara 14/6 -buhara -gahara 15/6 -kuhara 16 -hahara —

¹ The forms in this column are reduced relative forms; full relative forms require an augment before the subject concord.

Derived terms

• Verbal derivations:
  • Short causative: -haza
  • Passive: -harwa
  • Reflexive: -ehara

• Nominal derivations:
  • omuhazi (“tanner”)

References

• Kaji, Shigeki (2007), A Rutooro Vocabulary‎^[6], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, pages 247, 295, 373
• Rubongoya, L. T. (2013), Katondogorozi y'Orunyoro-Rutooro n'Orungereza [Runyoro–Rutooro-English and English-Runyoro–Rutooro dictionary]‎^[7], Kampala: Modrug Publishers, →ISBN, page 117
• Entry 2353 at Bantu Lexical Reconstructions 3