命
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Translingual[edit]
Stroke order | |||
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Han character[edit]
命 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 人一口中 (OMRL), four-corner 80627, composition ⿱亼叩 or ⿹令口)
Derived characters[edit]
References[edit]
- KangXi: page 183, character 18
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3473
- Dae Jaweon: page 402, character 15
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 604, character 11
- Unihan data for U+547D
Chinese[edit]
simp. and trad. |
命 | |
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alternative forms | 𠇮 𫝇 |
Glyph origin[edit]
Historical forms of the character 命 | ||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Old Chinese | |
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令 | *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
怜 | *riːn, *reːŋ |
零 | *riːŋ, *reːŋ, *reːŋs |
魿 | *ɡriŋ, *reːŋ |
命 | *mreŋs |
冷 | *raːŋʔ, *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
跉 | *reŋ, *reːŋ |
嶺 | *reŋʔ |
領 | *reŋʔ |
阾 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
柃 | *reŋʔ, *reːŋ |
袊 | *reŋʔ |
詅 | *reŋs, *reːŋ |
旍 | *ʔsleŋ |
舲 | *reːŋ |
齡 | *reːŋ |
囹 | *reːŋ |
鴒 | *reːŋ |
蛉 | *reːŋ |
鈴 | *reːŋ |
苓 | *reːŋ |
伶 | *reːŋ |
泠 | *reːŋ |
瓴 | *reːŋ |
拎 | *reːŋ |
刢 | *reːŋ |
玲 | *reːŋ |
聆 | *reːŋ |
竛 | *reːŋ |
軨 | *reːŋ |
笭 | *reːŋ, *reːŋʔ |
翎 | *reːŋ |
閝 | *reːŋ |
鹷 | *reːŋ |
昤 | *reːŋ |
駖 | *reːŋ |
彾 | *reːŋ |
呤 | *reːŋ |
狑 | *reːŋ |
秢 | *reːŋ |
岭 | *reːŋ |
紷 | *reːŋ |
砱 | *reːŋ |
羚 | *reːŋ |
姈 | *reːŋ |
蕶 | *reːŋ |
澪 | *reːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *mreŋs): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs). Doublet of 呤 (lìng).
Etymology[edit]
Related to 令 (OC *ren, *reŋ, *reŋs, *reːŋ, *reːŋs, “to order; to command; order”) (Wang, 1982). Both may be derived from 名 (OC *meŋ, “name”): “name” (名) > “to name; to give (a name to)” (命) > “to order; to command” > “order; command” > “destiny; fate; lot” > “life” (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation[edit]
Definitions[edit]
命
- life; existence; state of living (Classifier: 條/条 m c)
- lifespan; life expectancy
- destiny; fate; luck
- order; command; instruction
- to order; to command
- to give (a title, name to); to name
Synonyms[edit]
- (life): 生命 (shēngmìng)
See also[edit]
- 生活 (shēnghuó, “(personal aspects of) life”)
Compounds[edit]
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Japanese[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
- Go-on: みょう (myō, Jōyō)←みやう (myau, historical)
- Kan-on: めい (mei, Jōyō)
- Kun: いのち (inochi, 命, Jōyō); みこと (mikoto, 命)
Compounds[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
いのち Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Probably a compound of Old Japanese elements 息 (i, “breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) + の (no, possessive particle) + 霊 (chi, “spirit, force, soul”).
Some analyses describe this as a compound using 生 (i, “life, breath”, i in compounds, iki on its own) as the initial semantic element. This is equally valid, as 息 (iki) and 生き (iki) are cognates.
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- life
- 命の恩人
- inochi no onjin
- person to whom one owes their life
- 命の恩人
- lifespan
- lifetime
- fate, destiny
- (figuratively) the most important part or aspect of a thing
Synonyms[edit]
- (life): 生命 (seimei)
- (lifespan): 寿命 (jumyō)
- (lifetime): 生涯 (shōgai), 一生 (isshō)
- (fate): 運命 (unmei)
- (destiny): 天命 (tenmei)
- (core aspect): 真髄 (shinzui)
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
みこと Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 言 (koto, “word”).[2] The mi prefix is generally limited to extremely high-status contexts such as gods or emperors.
Alternative forms[edit]
- 御言 (mikoto)
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the words or pronouncements of a god or an emperor
Etymology 3[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
みこと Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
From Old Japanese. Originally a compound of 御 (mi-, honorific prefix) + 事 (koto, “abstract thing”, as opposed to 物, mono, “concrete thing”).[2][1]
Alternative forms[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
- the honorable, the exalted
- Used as a title after the referenced noun when referring to gods, emperors, or other high-status persons.
- the beloved, dearly beloved
- Similarly used as a title after the referenced noun.
- 711–712, Kojiki (Kami tsu maki)
- 和加久佐能 都麻能美許登
- 若草の妻の命
- わかくさのつまのみこと
- Wakakusa no tsuma no mikoto
- dearly beloved young wife
Pronoun[edit]
Usage notes[edit]
Used ironically from the late Heian period, expressing a sense of mild derision or ridicule.
Etymology 4[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
めい Grade: 3 |
on’yomi |
From Middle Chinese 命 (mjængH, “command”). Compare modern Mandarin 命 (mìng, “life, destiny, instruction”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Synonyms[edit]
- (fate): 運命 (unmei)
- (destiny): 天命 (tenmei)
- (life): 生命 (seimei)
- (lifespan): 寿命 (jumyō)
- (order): 仰, 仰せ (ōse); 命令 (meirei)
References[edit]
Korean[edit]
Hanja[edit]
命 (eumhun 목숨 명 (moksum myeong))
Okinawan[edit]
Kanji[edit]
Readings[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
ぬち Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Kanji in this term |
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命 |
いぬち Grade: 3 |
kun’yomi |
Noun[edit]
命 (hiragana いぬち, rōmaji inuchi)
References[edit]
- “ぬち【命】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
Vietnamese[edit]
Han character[edit]
命: Hán Nôm readings: mệnh, mạng, mình, mạnh, mịnh
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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